{{Short description|Russian geologist, meteoriticist, and poet (1879–1945)}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Pyotr Dravert | native_name = Пётр Людо́викович Дра́верт | native_name_lang = ru | image = Dravert.jpg | image_size = 170px | caption = 1914 | birth_date = 16 January, 1879 | birth_place = Vyatka, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|1945|12|12|1879|1|19|df=yes}} | death_place = Omsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | fields = Geology, Mineralogy, Meteoritics | workplaces = Omsk Agricultural Academy, Omsk Regional Museum of Local Lore | alma_mater = Imperial University of Kazan | known_for = Studies of Siberian meteorites, coining the scientific terms "electrophonic bolides", "lithophagy" | signature = 1945-Dravetr-Tchirvinsky 1945-06-18.jpg | footnotes = [https://www.flickr.com/photos/hi_geo/albums/72157709033749183/ Photos] }}
'''Pyotr Lyudovikovich Dravert''' ({{lang-rus|Пётр Людо́викович Дра́верт}}; 16 January 1879 – 12 December 1945) was a Russian and Soviet geologist, mineralogist, meteoriticist, professor, poet, and writer. He was a pioneer in the study of meteorites in Siberia.
== Biography == Dravert was born into a noble family of Polish and French origin (the name is thought to derive from the French: "drapeau vert" - Green Banner of the Crusaders).<ref name="chirvinsky">Tchirvinsky P. N. Pyotr Lyudovikovich Dravert. 1946. Molotov. 7 pages.</ref> He studied at the gymnasiums in Yekaterinburg and then Kazan.<ref name="leifer">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Sibiri ne izmenyu… |script-title=ru:«Сибири на изменю…» |trans-title=I will not betray Siberia… |journal=Sibirskiye Ogni |year=1979 |issue=1 |page=174 |language=ru}}</ref> In 1899, he entered the Imperial University of Kazan.
=== Exiles in Siberia === His involvement in the revolutionary student movement led to two periods of exile in Siberia: * 1901: Arrested and exiled to the Perm Governorate. * 1906: Sentenced to ten years of exile in Vilyuysk, Yakutia. In 1911, thanks to the intervention of the Academy of Sciences, he was transferred to Tomsk.<ref name="autobio">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Sibiri ne izmenyu…: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:«Сибири на изменю…»: К 100-летию со дня рождения П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=I will not betray Siberia…: On the 100th anniversary of the birth of P. L. Dravert |journal=Sibirskiye Ogni |year=1979 |issue=1 |pages=173–192 |language=ru}} (Includes Dravert's autobiography).</ref>
During his exiles, he conducted mineralogical and geographical research in Yakutia, studying salt deposits and mineral springs.{{cn|date=March 2026}}
=== Scientific career === In 1914, Dravert completed his studies at the University of Kazan, by then already an established scientist. In 1916, he participated in an expedition of the Geological Committee to the Vilyuy River basin.
From 1918, he lived and worked in Omsk. He became a professor at the Siberian Agricultural Academy and chaired its scientific bureau.
In the aftermath of the Russian Civil War, during a severe famine in 1921, Professor Dravert published a practical brochure titled "On the Use of the Rush Root as a Bread Flour Substitute" . He provided clear instructions on how to find, prepare, and safely consume the local rush plant as an emergency food source, even testing it himself to ensure it was harmless.<ref>[https://ar.culture.ru/en/subject/broshyura-p-dravert-ob-ispolzovanii-kornevishcha-susaka-v-kachestve-surrogata-hleba-18-s Brochure by Pyotr Dravert], 1921.</ref>
He was arrested in 1921 and again in 1931 during the case of the "Society for the Study of Siberia," but was released due to lack of evidence.<ref name="povartsov">Povartsov S. N. chapter: Пётр Драверт и дело ОИС (Pyotr Dravert and the OIS Affair). Писатель. Общество. Власть (Writer. Society. Power). Omsk, 1995. P. 71–87.</ref>
During World War II, he directed a laboratory for construction materials, working on local mineral substitutes. From 1944 until his death, he worked at the Omsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.<ref name="librarybio">Introduction: Brief Biography. Третьи Дравертовские чтения (Third Dravert Readings). Omsk State Library, 2024. P. 6.</ref>
Dravert died on 12 December 1945 in Omsk. His funeral, held at the museum, was a poignant ceremony: his coffin rested on the gown of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and a friend delivered a eulogy in Latin.<ref name="leifer2">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Zagadka zamysla boga |script-title=ru:Разгадать замысел бога |trans-title=Deciphering God's Plan |journal=Den i Noch |year=2006 |issue=5–6 |language=ru}}</ref> He was initially buried at the Cossack Cemetery, but his remains were transferred to the Staro-Vostochnoye Cemetery in 1961.<ref>{{cite news |title=Omskiye istoriki prodolzhayut izuchat trudy meteoritoveda i poeta Petra Draveta |script-title=ru:Омские историки продолжают изучать труды метеоритоведа и поэта Петра Драверта |trans-title=Omsk historians continue to study the works of meteoriticist and poet Pyotr Dravert |work=Kommercheskiye Vesti |date=26 November 2019 |language=ru}}</ref>
== Scientific contributions == === Meteoritics === A pioneer in the study of meteorites in Siberia, Dravert participated in the first Soviet meteorite expedition in 1921 alongside Vladimir Vernadsky, Alexander Fersman, and Leonid Kulik.<ref name="funt">{{cite journal |last=Funt |first=Igor |title=K istorii pushkinskogo veyera |script-title=ru:К истории пушкинского веера |trans-title=On the history of the Pushkin fan |journal=Moskva |date=January 2013 |language=ru}}</ref> In 1927, he headed the Omsk Commission on Meteorites, and from 1939, he was a member of the Committee on Meteorites of the USSR Academy of Sciences.<ref name="aranfonds">[http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/fund&guid=9E1E50D2-3A4B-469C-B395-10A2B912EC3A Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Fund 1708.]</ref>
He studied meteorite falls and collected several specimens, including the {{ill|Khmelevka|ru|Хмелевка (метеорит)}}, Kuznetsovo,<ref name="malakhova">{{cite web |editor-last=Malakhova |editor-first=I. G. |title=Osnovnye nauchnye trudy P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:Основные научные труды П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=Main scientific works of P. L. Dravert |work=Information System "History of Geology and Mining" |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |url=http://higeo.ginras.ru/view-person.php?n=Драверт%20Петр%20Людовикович |language=ru}}</ref> and {{ill|Yerofeyevka|ru|Ерофеевка (метеорит)}}<ref>[http://e-heritage.ru/Book/10074213 ''Meteoritica''], issue 1, 1941], p. 43 (search "Изображение №" 59)</ref> meteorites.
He was the first to study in detail "electrophonic bolides" (meteors accompanied by anomalous sounds), a term he himself proposed.<ref name="kaznev">Kaznev V. Yu. Электрофонные болиды (Electrophonic Bolides). Astronomical Calendar. Vol. 94. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. P. 253–264.</ref>
=== Geology and mineralogy === Dravert discovered and described several mineral deposits. In 1918, he found a rare variety of oldhamite (calcium sulfide), which was later named '''dravertinite''' in his honor.<ref name="chirvinsky2">{{cite journal |last=Chirvinsky |first=P. N. |title=P. L. Dravert i yego rol v meteoritike |script-title=ru:П. Л. Драверт и его роль в метеоритике |trans-title=P. L. Dravert and his role in meteoritics |journal=Meteoritika |year=1948 |issue=4 |pages=31–37 |language=ru}}</ref> A new mineral, CuMg(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, discovered in Kamchatka in 2015, was named {{ill|dravertite|de|Dravertit}} in his honor.<ref name="pekov">{{cite journal |last1=Pekov |first1=I. V. |display-authors=etal |title=Dravertite, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia |journal=European Journal of Mineralogy |year=2017 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=323–330 |doi=10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2596}}</ref>
He studied earthquakes in the Bayanaul Mountains (Kazakhstan) and discovered rock art in a cave there, which is now known as '''Dravert's Grotto'''.<ref name="chernova">{{cite news |last=Chernova |first=O. |title=Maldybylak i grot Draveta |script-title=ru:Малдыбулак и грот Драверта |trans-title=Maldybylak and Dravert's Grotto |work=Vesti Ekibastuza |date=1 July 2010 |page=6 |language=ru}}</ref>
He introduced the scientific term "lithophagy" He defined the term as ingestion of minerals for nutritional purposes, what is commonly called geophagia now.<ref name="lithophagy">Dravert P. [https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/43513/ About Lithophagy] (О литофагии) in journal ''Sibirskaya Priroda''. 1922. No 1, pages 3–6.</ref>
== Literary work == thumb|1920th Dravert's first collection, ''Shadows and Echoes'', was published in Kazan in 1904. His poetry, imbued with Siberian themes and scientific terminology, was appreciated for its originality.<ref name="martynov">Martynov L. Друг Вернадского (Friend of V. Vernadsky). Gift to the Future: Poems and Memoirs. Moscow: Veche, 2008. P. 508.</ref> He also wrote short stories, including a fantasy tale, ''The Tale of the Mammoth and the Ice Age Man'' (1909), published under the pseudonym '''Hector D.'''<ref name="utkov">Utkov V. G. Люди, судьбы, события (People, Destinies, Events). Novosibirsk, 1970. P. 5–40.</ref>
== Honours and legacy == Minerals named after Dravert: * Dravertinite (a variety of oldhamite, CaS)<ref name="chirvinsky3">{{cite journal |last=Chirvinsky |first=P. N. |title=Petr Lyudovikovich Dravert |journal=Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva |year=1946 |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=345–347 |language=ru}}</ref> * {{ill|dravertite|de|Dravertit}} (CuMg(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="pekov" /> Animal:: * ''Lymnaea palustris draverti'', Mozley, 1934 - water snail<ref name="mozley">{{cite journal |last=Mozley |first=A. |title=New fresh-water mollusks from Northern Asia |journal=Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London |year=1934 |volume=21 |issue=2}}</ref> Toponyms: * Dravert's Grotto (Kazakhstan), an archaeological and geological site<ref name="chernova" /> * Dravert Shore (Omsk Oblast), a paleontological site on the Irtysh River<ref>{{cite web |title=Bereg Draveta – urochishche na pravoberezhye Irtysha |script-title=ru:Берег Драверта — урочище на правобережье Иртыша |trans-title=Dravert Shore – a tract on the right bank of the Irtysh |author=Andrey S.R. |url=https://omchanin.livejournal.com/1116379.html |language=ru}}</ref> * Dravert Street in Omsk (named in 2007)<ref>{{cite news |last=Davydova |first=Svetlana |title=Nobelevsky tupik |script-title=ru:Нобелевский тупик |trans-title=Nobel dead end |work=Rossiyskaya Gazeta |date=11 January 2008 |url=https://rg.ru/2008/01/11/reg-omsk/nobelevsky-tupik.html |language=ru}}</ref> * Dravert’s Quarters - modern residents in Omsk.
Notable students: * Leonid Martynov (1905–1980), poet<ref name="martynov2">Martynov L. Dar budushchemu: poems and memories (Дар будущему: стихи и воспоминания). pages 502–513.</ref> * Sergei Zalygin (1913–2000), writer<ref>Dedkov I. A. Sergey Zalygin: Pages of life, pages of work (страницы жизни, страницы творчества. Moscow: Sovremennik, 1985. pages 5–16.</ref>
=== Archives === His personal library is preserved at the Omsk State Scientific Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lichnaya biblioteka P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:Личная библиотека П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=Personal library of P. L. Dravert |work=Center for Book Treasures |publisher=Omsk State Scientific Library |url=http://omsklib.ru/kollekcii/fond_knig_pamjatnikov/redkaja_kniga/lichnye_biblioteki/dravert |language=ru}}</ref> His documents and collections are held in the archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences<ref name="aranfonds" /> and the Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geologicheskaya kollektsiya |script-title=ru:Геологическая коллекция |trans-title=Geological collection |publisher=Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore |url=https://sibmuseum.ru/fonds/estestvennaya-kollekciya/geologicheskaya-kollekciya/ |language=ru}}</ref>
== Publications == Selected scientific works: * Expedition to the Syuntar salt region (Экспедиция в соленосный район Сюнтар). Yakutsk, 1908. 43 c. * Materials for the Ethnography and Geography of the Yakutsk Region (Материалы для этнографии и географии Якутской области). Kazan, 1912. 50 pp. * On lithophagy: [stone eating] (О литофагии: [камнеедении]) // Siberian nature. 1922. No. 1. P. 3-6. * Useful minerals of the Omsk-Tara region (Полезные ископаемые Омско-Тарского края). Omsk: Omsk Bureau of Local History, 1933. 20 pp. * Shower of meteoritic stone in the neighbourhood of the village Kuznetzovo, West Siberia, on May 26, 1932 // Mineralogical Magazine. 1934. Vol. 23. N 144. P. 509-512. * [https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1939JRASC..33...51M A new iron meteorite from Kazakhstan] // Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 1938. Vol. 33. No 2. P. 51. * Some lost meteorites of the USSR (Asiatic part) // Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 1938. Vol. 33. No 2. P. 53-56. * Agronomic ores in the Omsk region (Агрономические руды в Омской области). Omsk: Omgiz, 1944. 21 p. * Lost meteorites of the Asian part of the USSR (Потерянные метеориты азиатской части СССР). Meteoritika. 1948. Vol. 4.
Selected literary works: * [https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80:%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82 Тени и отзвуки] (Shadows and Echoes). Kazan, 1904 (Poetry) * Под небом якутской страны (Under the Sky of the Yakut Land). Tomsk, 1911 (Poetry) * Сибирь (Siberia). Novo-Nikolayevsk, 1923 (Poetry) * Сказание о маманте и ледниковом человеке (The Tale of the Mammoth and the Ice Age Man). 1909. (Fantasy story, as Hector D.)
=== About P. Dravert === * Leifer A. E. "I Will Not Betray Siberia!.." Pages of One Life («Сибири не изменю!..». Страницы одной жизни). Novosibirsk, 1979. 134 p. Circulation 5,000 copies. * Dravertite, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. ''European Journal of Mineralogy'', 2017. * Siberia as a Symbolistic Topos: Shadows and Echoes (1904) by Pyotr L. Dravert. ''Vestnik NSU, Series History and Philology'', 2022. * P. L. Dravert’s Prehistoric Science Fiction in the “Siberian Text” of Russian Literature. 2023. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.1.791 * ''Pyotr Ludovikovich Dravert and Pyotr Nikolaevich Chirvinsky: Scientific correspondence (1934-1945)''. editor N. I. Bryanchaninova; compiled by I. P. Vtorov, E. N. Senkova. Introduction by: V. I. Onoprienko and G. B. Buslaeva. 2024. https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3113203 * Dravert's Materials in the Collection of the A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025.
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == * [https://higeo.ru/view?type=person&id=949 Bibliography] in the History of Geology and Mining (Information System) * {{cite web |title=Biography of P. L. Dravert |publisher=Pushkin Library, Omsk |url=http://www.omsklib.ru/novosti/vydayushchiesya_zemlyaki/dravert_petr_lyudovikovich |language=ru}} * {{cite web |title=List of publications by P. L. Dravert |work=in PDF |publisher=Omsk |url=https://omsklib.ru/files/news/our_izdania/2014/Dravert.pdf |language=ru}} * [https://www.meteorites.ru/menu/description-e/index.php?active=khmelevka Khmelevka meteorite]. {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dravert, Pierre}} Category:1879 births Category:1945 deaths Category:People from Kirov, Kirov Oblast Category:People from Vyatka Governorate Category:Kazan Federal University alumni Category:Russian geologists Category:Soviet geologists Category:Russian mineralogists Category:Meteorite researchers Category:20th-century Russian poets Category:Soviet poets Category:Russian male poets Category:Soviet male poets Category:Russian fantasy writers Category:Soviet fantasy writers Category:Russian people of French descent Category:Russian people of Polish descent