Psoraceae

{{Short description|Family of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Psora globifera-2.jpg | image_caption = ''Psora globifera'', member of the '''Psoraceae''' | taxon = Psoraceae | authority = Zahlbr. (1898) | type_genus = ''Psora'' | type_genus_authority = Hoffm. (1789) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Brianaria'' ''Glyphopeltis'' ''Protoblastenia'' ''Protomicarea'' ''Psora'' ''Psorula'' }}

The '''Psoraceae''' are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The Austrian lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner first described the family in 1898.<ref name="Ekman & Blaalid 2011"/> Species of this family have a widespread distribution.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Cannon PF, Kirk PM |title=Fungal Families of the World |publisher=CABI|location=Wallingford|year=2007 |page=300 |isbn=978-0-85199-827-5}}</ref>

==Taxonomy== ''Psora'' is the type genus of the Psoraceae, a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. Recent DNA-based phylogenetic work supports a core Psoraceae clade (a natural group descended from a shared ancestor) that includes ''Psora'' together with ''Protoblastenia'' and ''Brianaria''; in these analyses, ''Brianaria'' and ''Protoblastenia'' are sister genera, and their clade is sister to ''Psora''. This Psoraceae clade is recovered as closely related to the families Ramalinaceae and Sphaerophoraceae.<ref name="Evankow et al. 2025"/>

The circumscription of the family has varied, and some modern classifications have also included genera such as ''Glyphopeltis'', ''Psorula'', and ''Protomicarea''. Evankow and colleagues (2025) argued that there is not convincing molecular evidence to keep these taxa in Psoraceae. In their phylogeny, ''Glyphopeltis'' falls outside the main Psoraceae clade, and they described a separate family, Glyphopeltidaceae, to accommodate it; they also supported placing ''Protomicarea'' in Pilocarpaceae (now Ectolechiaceae) rather than Psoraceae, while the placement of ''Psorula'' remains unresolved; ''Psorula'' was excluded from their phylogenetic analyses because available sequences were problematic. Evankow and colleagues also noted that ''Eremastrella'' has been transferred to the Lecideaceae in recent classifications based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.<ref name="Evankow et al. 2025"/>

==Genera== This is a list of the genera contained within the Psoraceae based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> This is a list of the genera contained within the Psoraceae based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> Subsequent phylogenetic work has questioned the placement of some genera that appear in broad classifications (including ''Glyphopeltis'', ''Protomicarea'', and ''Psorula''), and has also noted that ''Eremastrella''—sometimes listed here in the past—has been transferred to the Lecideaceae.<ref name="Evankow et al. 2025"/> The genera below are retained here for consistency with Wijayawardene et al. (2022) pending wider adoption and formal implementation of revised placements in major classification summaries.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *''Brianaria'' {{au|S.Ekman & M.Svensson (2014)}}<ref name="Ekman & Svensson 2014"/> – 4 spp. *''Glyphopeltis'' {{au|Brusse (1985)}}<ref name="Brusse 1985"/> – 1 sp. *''Protoblastenia'' {{au|(Zahlbr.) J.Steiner (1911)}}<ref name="Steiner 1911"/> – 30 spp. *''Protomicarea'' {{au|Hafellner (2001)}}<ref name="Hafellner & Türk 2001"/> – 2 spp. *''Psora'' {{au|Hoffm. (1796)}}<ref name="Hoffmann 1796"/> – 35 spp. *''Psorula'' {{au|Gotth.Schneid. (1980)}}<ref name="Schneider 1979"/> – 1 sp.

==References== <references>

<ref name="Brusse 1985">{{cite journal |last=Brusse |first=F. |title=''Glyphopeltis'' (Lecideaceae), a new lichen genus from southern Africa |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=17 |issue=3 |year=1985 |pages=267–268 |doi=10.1017/S0024282985000330}}</ref>

<ref name="Ekman & Blaalid 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Ekman |first1=Stefan |last2=Blaalid |first2=Rakel |year=2011 |title=The devil in the details: interactions between the branch-length prior and likelihood model affect node support and branch lengths in the phylogeny of the Psoraceae |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=541–561 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syr022 |pmid=21436107 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Ekman & Svensson 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Ekman |first1=Stefan |last2=Svensson |first2=Måns |title=''Brianaria'' (Psoraceae), a new genus to accommodate the ''Micarea sylvicola'' group |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=46 |issue=3 |year=2014 |pages=285–294 |doi=10.1017/S0024282913000613}}</ref>

<ref name="Evankow et al. 2025">{{Cite journal |last1=Evankow |first1=Ann M. |last2=Yin |first2=Ancheng |last3=Zulfiqar |first3=Rizwana |last4=Ahmad |first4=Uswa Fatima |last5=Nordenhaug |first5=Petter |last6=Khalid |first6=Abdul Nasir |last7=Wang |first7=Lisong |last8=Timdal |first8=Einar |year=2025 |title=''Psora mediterranea'' (Lecanorales, Psoraceae), a new lichen species from Europe, including a new concept for ''P. himalayana'' and a revised key to the European species |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=26 |doi=10.1007/s11557-025-02045-8 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Hafellner & Türk 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Hafellner |first1=J. |last2=Türk |first2=R. |year=2001 |title=Die liechenisierten Pilze Österreichs – eine Checkliste der bisher nachgewiesenen Arten mit Verbreitungsangaben |journal=Stapfia |volume=76 |page=156 |language=de}}</ref>

<ref name="Hoffmann 1796">{{cite journal |last=Hoffmann |first=G.F. |year=1796 |title=Deutschlands Flora oder botanisches Taschenbuch. Zweyter Theil für das Iahr 1795 |journal=Cryptogamie |page=161 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52833998}}</ref>

<ref name="Schneider 1979">{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=R. |year=1979 |title=Die Flechtengattung ''Psora'' sensu Zahlbruckner |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=13 |page=135 |language=de}}</ref>

<ref name="Steiner 1911">{{cite journal |last=Steiner |first=J. |year=1911 |title=Flechten aus den Italienisch-Französischen Grenzgebiete und aus Mittelitalien |journal=Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien |volume=61 |pages=29–64 |language=de}}</ref>

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</references>

Category:Lecanorales Category:Lichen families Category:Lecanoromycetes families Category:Taxa named by Alexander Zahlbruckner Category:Taxa described in 1898