{{Short description|none}} {{incomplete list|date=March 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
This '''list of privatizations''' provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.
{{TOC right}}
== Privatisation by country ==
== Argentina == {{see also|Railway privatisation in Argentina|Water privatization in Argentina}}
* Aerolíneas Argentina (1990) – former national carrier; renationalized in 2009. * Agua y Energía Eléctrica (1992–95) – national electricity production company; partitioned and sold. * Buenos Aires Underground (1994) – given under concession but still owned by the State. * Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telégrafos (ENCoTel, 1997) – given under concession as Correo Argentino. Re-nationalized in 2003. * ENTel (national telecommunications company, 1990) – partitioned and sold to France Télécom and to Spanish Telefónica. * Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA, 1995) – sold to Lockheed Martin. * Ferrocarriles Argentinos (1991–95) – railway lines all over the country (partially re-nationalized). * Gas del Estado (1992) – national gas company partitioned and sold, among others, to the Spanish Gas Natural company Naturgy. * Obras Sanitarias de la Nación (water company, 1992–93) - given under concession to the French conglomerate Suez, which operated it under the name Aguas Argentinas; re-nationalized in 2006 as Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos (AySA). * Segba (1992) - partitioned and given under concession to Edesur, Edenor and Edelap. * Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF, 1991–92) – national oil-company sold to the Spanish Repsol. The Argentinian government in 2004 set up a new state oil company (Enarsa) from scratch, which proved of no use. In 2012, the Argentine Government expropriated 51% of the shares of YPF owned by Repsol.
== Australia ==
* Commonwealth Oil Refineries 1952 Under Liberal * Optus 1985 Under Labor * Commonwealth Bank of Australia 1991 Under Labor * Qantas 1993 Under labor * Commonwealth Serum Laboratories 1994 Under Labor * Electricity and natural gas supply companies in Victoria 1995 Under Liberal * Telstra 1997 Under Liberal * Public transport in Melbourne 1999 Under Liberal * Electricity Trust of South Australia 1999 Under Liberal * Sydney Airport 2002 Under Liberal * Medibank 2014 Under Liberal * Commonwealth Industrial Gases * Government Cleaning Service in New South Wales * Government Insurance Office in New South Wales * Government Printing Service in New South Wales * State-owned betting-agencies in most states Under Liberal and Labor * Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services Under Liberal and Labor * All freight railway services Under Liberal and Labor * Most State-owned banks Under Liberal and Labor
== Austria == {{see also|Österreichische Industrieholding}} Source:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-12 |title=Die Geschichte der ÖIAG |url=https://newsv2.orf.at/stories/2260950/2260960/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=news.ORF.at |language=de}}</ref>
=== 1950s === * Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (1955; ''partial privatization — a small portion of oil companies returned to Western owners; the majority transferred to the newly established state-owned OMV'')<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | last1=Weber | first1=Fritz | title=Verstaatlichung und Privatisierung in Österreich 1946-1986 | journal=Zeitschrift für Öffentliche und Gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen | date=2011 | volume=34 | issue=2 | pages=126–147 | doi=10.5771/0344-9777-2011-2-126 | url=https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0344-9777-2011-2-126.pdf?download_full_pdf=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com }}</ref> * Creditanstalt (1956–1997) * Länderbank (1957; ''partial privatization — 40% of shares sold to private investors: 30% were non-voting preference shares, while the 10% voting shares were allocated to institutions affiliated with the SPÖ and ÖVP'')<ref name=":0" />
=== 1970s === * Siemens AG Österreich (1972; ''partial privatization — majority stake of 56.4% transferred to German parent company Siemens; Austrian state holding ÖIAG retained 43.6%)'')<ref name=":0" />
=== 1980s === * Lenzing AG (1985–1990s; ''the privatization process began with its listing on the Vienna Stock Exchange — full state ownership was phased out during the 1990s'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte |url=https://www.lenzing.com/de/ueber-uns/geschichte/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.lenzing.com}}</ref> * OMV (1987–96; ''government retains 31.5%'') * Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik (1988; ''fully privatised through a management buyout'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schritt für Schritt an ein ungeahntes Ziel: Seit der Privatisierung 1988 wuchs die Berndorf AG auf zwanzigfache Größe |url=https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180924_OTS0070/schritt-fuer-schritt-an-ein-ungeahntes-ziel-seit-der-privatisierung-1988-wuchs-die-berndorf-ag-auf-zwanzigfache-groesse |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=OTS.at |language=de}}</ref> * Verbund (1988; ''partial privatization through IPO — 49% of shares were listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange, the government retained 51%'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=VERBUND-Aktie: Aktueller Kurs und relevanten Informationen |url=https://www.verbund.com/de/konzern/investor-relations/aktienkurs-und-information |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.verbund.com |language=de}}</ref>
=== 1990s === * Simmering-Graz-Pauker (1992–1994; ''the company is now part of Siemens'') * voestalpine (1992-2005) **Voest-Alpine Eisenbahntechnik (1992–94; ''privatized in stages — became VAE, which was jointly acquired by voestalpine and Vossloh in 1998; fully owned by voestalpine by 2003 and now operates as voestalpine Railway Systems'')<ref>{{cite web | title=VAE South Africa - History | url=http://www.voestalpine.com/vaesa/en/company/history.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131163824/http://www.voestalpine.com/vaesa/en/company/history.html | archive-date=31 January 2011 }}</ref> ** VA Technologie (1994-2005; ''partial privatisation began with IPO in 1994 — additional shares sold in 2003 and 2005; acquired by Siemens in 2005 and later integrated into Primetals Technologies'') **Böhler-Uddeholm (1995–2003; ''IPO in 1995 — gradual reduction of state stake until full privatization by 2003'') **Voest-Alpine Stahl AG (1995-2003; ''initial tranche of 31.7% sold in 1995 — further shares were divested in 2001 and 2003, completing full privatization'') ** VA Bergtechnik (1996) ** Voest-Alpine Erzberg (2004) * Austria Mikro Systeme International (1993–94; ''now operates as AMS-Osram'') * A.S.A. Abfall Service (1993; ''fully privatized through sale to Électricité de France — acquired by FCC Group in 2005 and now operates as FCC Austria'')<ref>{{Cite web |last=AlejTech.sk |title=Historie |url=https://www.fcc-group.eu/osterreich/unternehmen/historie |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.fcc-group.eu |language=de}}</ref> * AT&S (1994) * Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment (1995) * Schoeller-Bleckmann Edelstahlrohr GesmbH (1995) * Bernhard Steinel Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH (1995) * Weiler Werkzeugmaschinen (1995) * GIWOG-Wohnbaugruppe (1996) * Vamed (1996; ''government retained 13% until 2024'') * AMAG Austria Metall AG (1996) * Salinen Austria (1997) * Mobilkom Austria (1997) * Wiener Boerse (1999)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wienerborse.at/marktdaten/aktien-sonstige/unternehmensprofil/?ISIN=AT0000816301&ID_NOTATION=92568&c2093%5Bfile%5D=GhnF9zvVk9bpunqwUvNKsw&cHash=a5a5dfc28dcf2106ed8fe617ae56eb6c|title=UNTERNEHMENS INVEST AG Unternehmensprofil auf wienerborse.at}}</ref> * Bank Austria (1997–98) * Austria Tabak (1997, 1999, 2001)
=== 2000s === * Österreichische Postsparkasse (2000) * Telekom Austria (2000–2006; ''privatisation began with an IPO in 2000 — additional tranches were sold over the following years, and the state retained a minority stake of 28.42% after 2006'') * Vienna International Airport (2000, 2001; ''regional governments of Vienna and Lower Austria retain 40%'') * Österreichische Staatsdruckerei (2000) * Dorotheum (2001) * Österreichischer Bundesverlag (2002; ''was a formerly state-owned educational publisher, responsible for producing school textbooks and other educational materials; today it's part of Klett Gruppe.'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Über uns |url=https://www.oebv.at/ueber-uns |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=öbv |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-12-20 |title=Ernst Klett-Verlagsgruppe beteiligt sich am Österreichischen Bundesverlag (ÖBV) |url=https://www.presseportal.ch/de/pm/100003846/100458961 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=presseportal.ch |language=de}}</ref> * Strohal Rotations Druck (2002) * BMG Metall und Recycling (2004) * BUWOG (2004; ''privatised through sale to Immofinanz — later spun off and acquired by Vonovia, becoming part of the largest residential property group in Europe'') * Austrian Post (2006; ''government retains 52.8%'') * Bank Burgenland (2006; ''the regional state bank owned by the state of Burgenland was sold to GRAWE'')<ref>{{Cite web |last=kid.moechel |date=2013-10-24 |title=Burgenland muss Beihilfe zurückfordern |url=https://kurier.at/wirtschaft/burgenland-muss-beihilfe-zurueckfordern/32.399.958 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref> * Austrian Airlines (2009; ''acquired by Lufthansa Group'')
=== 2010s === * Funkhaus Wien (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wien.orf.at/v2/news/stories/2780125/|title = ORF-Funkhaus geht an Baugruppe Rhomberg|date = 14 June 2016}}</ref>
=== 2020s === * EuroTeleSites (2023; ''partial privatization through IPO - A1 Telekom Austria Group spun off its radio tower division and listed it on the Vienna Stock Exchange; the state retains an indirect stake via ÖBAG'')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/TELEKOM-AUSTRIA-AG-6492023/news/A1-Telekom-Austria-s-radio-towers-division-debuts-below-reference-price-44903108/ | title=A1 Telekom Austria's radio towers division debuts below reference price - MarketScreener | date=22 September 2023 }}</ref> * Vamed (2024; ''government sold its remaining 13% to Fresenius'')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://industriemagazin.at/news/oebag-und-b-c-gruppe-verkaufen-anteile-an-vamed-ag-an-fresenius/ | title=ÖBAG und B&C-Gruppe verkaufen Anteile an Vamed AG an Fresenius | date=4 June 2024}}</ref> * Wiener Lokalbahnen Cargo (since 2025; ''ongoing divestment process — Wiener Stadtwerke announced in 2025 that it intends to sell its freight transport subsidiary WLC to CER Cargo'')<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=Wiener Stadtwerke divests freight transport division Wiener Lokalbahnen Cargo |url=https://aviation.direct/en/Vienna-public-utilities-divest-freight-transport-division-Vienna-Local-Railways-Cargo |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Aviation.Direct |language=en}}</ref>
== Bahrain ==
* Bahrain Telecommunications Co. (Q1 2005, $800 million)
== Bolivia == {{see also|Water privatization in Bolivia}}
== Brazil == {{see also|Water privatization in Brazil}}
* Banco do Estado do Maranhão S.A * Banespa * BB Turismo * CEDAE * CELMA * CSN * Eletrobras * Embraer * Embratel * Light * Petrobras Distribuidora * RFFSA * Sabesp * Terminal Pesqueiro de Manaus * Terminal Pesqueiro de Vitória * Telebrás * Usiminas * Vale do Rio Doce * VASP
== Canada == {{see also|Crown corporations of Canada}}
* Teleglobe (1987) – an international telco carrier * Air Canada (1988) * Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (1989) * Telus (1991), formerly Alberta Government Telephones * Petro-Canada (1991) * Nova Scotia Power (1992) * Canadian National Railway (1995) * Saskatchewan Wheat Pool (1996) * Manitoba Telecom Services or MTS (1996) * Highway 407 (1999) – leased to private operators * Ontario Hydro (1999) – only partially privatized with Hydro One and Ontario Power Generation, a publicly owned company and crown corporation respectively * Uranium industry in Saskatchewan
== Chile == {{see also|Water privatization in Chile}}
* CAP S.A. * Chilectra * Colbún S.A. * CTC * Enaex * Empremar * Endesa * Entel * Esval * IANSA * Lan Airlines * Pension Funds (AFP) * Soquimich
== Czechoslovakia == * Virtually everything after the Velvet Revolution in 1989; see voucher privatization for details.
== Egypt ==
Abt Associates Inc.; sponsored by Government of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and United States Agency for International Development; November 2000. Retrieved 20 April 2011. In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of Alexandria, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."<ref>[http://www.stiaco.com/home.htm STIA Home], company website. Retrieved 20 April 2011.</ref> * biscomisr * corona Company for foods industries (former Alexandria Confectionary and Chocolate) * Alexbank * Heliopark * Telemisr * Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemicals Industries Company * Abou Zaabal Fertlizers * Egyptian Financial Industrial company (EFIC) * Eastern Company for Tobacco and Cigarettes * Alexandria Container & Cargo Handling Company * Commercial International Bank * Madinet Masr For Housing and Development (former Madinet Nasr For Housing and Development) * Vodafone Egypt (former Masr Fone "click") * Orange Egypt (former Mobinil) * Ezz Steel (former Alexandria alwatania for Iron and Steel) * e-finance * Ideal (former Industrial Delta Company) * Al-Ahram Beverages Company * Pachin paints * Quicktel * Elnasr for Clothing and Textiles "KAPO" * Alexandria for spining and textiles "spinalex" * pepsi cola egypt * Cocacola egypt * schweppes egypt * AZRIMOT EGYPT (Former Al Ahli Financial Investments Management Company "AFIM") * Al-Ahli Real Estate Development (Alahli-Sabbour) * Telecom Egypt (Privatizated 30% ) * Ras El Hekma agreement with Abu Dhabi–based ADQ * Suez Cement * Helwan Cement * Torah Portland Cement * South Valley Cement * Alexandria Cement * Ameriyah Cement * Assuit cement * Bani suif Cement * Egypt Free Shops * Egyptian Starch & Glucose * Egyptian Electro Cables * Modern Textiles (Bolivara) was taken over by United Arab for Spinning and Weaving (UNIRAB) * Kafr El Zayat for Insecticides * Arabia Cotton Ginning * Nile Cotton Ginning * Middle East Co. for Paper SIMO * Siklam Milk Factory * San Stepheno Hotel : Lands and Premises * Cairo Sheraton<ref>[https://www1.aucegypt.edu/src/wsite1/Pdfs/Results%20and%20Impacts%20of%20Privatization%20in%20Egypt.pdf]</ref>
== Finland == * Finnair * Sonera (former Telecom Finland)
== France ==
=== 1980s ===
* Compagnie Générale d'Electricité became Alcatel (1987) * Havas (1987) * IN Groupe (1993) * Matra (1988) * Paribas – privatized in 1987 and merged with BNP to form BNP Paribas * Saint-Gobain – created in 1665 by minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert; privatized in 1986 * Société Générale privatized in 1987 * Suez – privatized and merged with the stated-owned Gaz de France (GDF) in 2008 to form GDF Suez * TF1 – first TV channel of France, privatized in 1987
=== 1990s === * France Télécom (1998) * Arcelor (1995) * Assurances Générales de France (1996) * Groupe Bull (1997) * CNP Assurances (1998) * Compagnie générale transatlantique (1996) – merged with CMA to form CMA CGM * Crédit Industriel et Commercial (1998) * Crédit local de France (1991) * Le Crédit Lyonnais (1999) * Elf Aquitaine – privatized in 1994; absorbed by Total * Eramet (1999) * Gan (1998) * Pechiney (1995) * Renault (1996) – the French state still have 15.01% of the shareholding * SEITA (1995) – now Altadis * Total * Union des Assurances de Paris (1994)
=== 2000s ===
* Aéroports de Paris – the French State remains the major shareholder: 52% * Air France – opening shareholding open in 1999. Merged with KLM and merged to form: Air France-KLM (as 2004, the French State remain 44%). As of 2012, the French State remains 15.8%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airfranceklm-finance.com/en/Shares/Capital-structure-and-equity-threshold-declarations |title=Air France - KLM : Capital structure and equity threshold declarations – Shares |access-date=2 June 2012 |archive-date=1 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601061501/http://www.airfranceklm-finance.com/en/Shares/Capital-structure-and-equity-threshold-declarations |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Credit Lyonnais (a bank;– privatized in 2001) * Électricité de France (EDF) (in December 2005 France sold 30% of EDF) * French Highway Concession ** A'lienor – sold to Eiffage (65%) and Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (35%) ** Alis – sold to Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France ** Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie – sold to Vinci ** Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France – sold to Abertis (52,5%); the rest is owned by other investors ** Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône – sold to Eiffage ** Autoroutes du Sud de la France – sold to Vinci ** Arcour – sold to Vinci ** Atlandes – sold to Colas Group (subsidiaries of Bouygues) and other investors ** Cofiroute – sold to Vinci * Gaz de France (GDF) – Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced a merger between GDF and Suez; since the state owns 80% of GDF, a privatization of GDF would require the passing of a new law; the state would control only 34% of the capital of the new group: see commentary. * Orange S.A. (formerly France Télécom) (the French State has owned under 50% of Orange since September 2004) – the French State remains (including ERAP): 26,94% * Pages Jaunes (Yellow Pages) (in 2004 France sold 32% of Pages Jaunes for €1.25 billion) * Snecma (in 2004 France sold 35% of Snecma for €1.45 billion) * Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (2000) – merged with DASA and CASA to form the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company * Thomson Multimédia ** Thomson Multimédia – now Technicolor ** Thomson-CSF – now Thales Group; the French State remains 27% * SNCM (Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée) – ferry-company; privatized at the end of 2005; the French State remains 25% in SNCM
=== 2010s === * Française des Jeux (FDJ) – in 2019 the French State sold off around 50% of its shares retaining 20%<ref>{{cite web | url=https://igamingbusiness.com/legal-compliance/legal/european-commission-launches-investigation-into-fdj-remuneration/ | title=European Commission launches investigation into FDJ monopoly | date=27 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-privatisation-fdj-idUSKBN1XH1WL | title=France gambles on privatization drive with lottery stake sale | newspaper=Reuters | date=7 November 2019 }}</ref>
== Germany == {{see also|Treuhandanstalt}}
* 1921: UFA * 1960: Volkswagen Group<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-25 |title=1960: Bundestag beschließt die Privatisierung von VW |url=https://www.bild.de/news/topics/bundestag-beschliesst-privatisierung-von-vw-7910062.bild.html |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref> (the Lower Saxony still retains an 11.8% stake<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shareholder Structure |url=https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/shareholder-structure-15951 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Volkswagen Group |language=en}}</ref>) * 1965-87: VEBA<ref>[https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/2076/3_Kap3_Privatisierung_in_Deutschland.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4&utm_source=chatgpt.com]</ref> (now part of E.ON) * 1966-97: Lufthansa<ref>[https://www.aerotelegraph.com/wie-lufthansa-privatisiert-wurdem]</ref> * 1986-88: VIAG<ref>[https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/2076/3_Kap3_Privatisierung_in_Deutschland.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4&utm_source=chatgpt.com]</ref> (now part of E.ON) * Deutsche Bundespost became in January 1995: ** Deutsche Post – the state owns 16.45% through the KfW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpdhl.com/de/investoren/aktie/aktionaersstruktur.html |title=Deutsche Post DHL Group {{!}} Aktionärsstruktur |website=www.dpdhl.com |language=de |access-date=17 February 2024}}</ref> ** Deutsche Telekom – the state still owns 27.8%, partly direct and partly through the KfW.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/telekom-aktien-bund-100.html |title=Staat verkauft Telekom-Aktien - Geld soll in Bahn fließen |last=AG |first=Deutsche Telekom |language=de |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref> ** Deutsche Postbank – in 2004 the state floated a minority stake for €2.5 billion
== Ghana == {{see also|Water privatisation in Ghana}}
== Guinea == {{see also|Water privatization in Guinea}}
== Greece == {{see also|Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund}}
* DESFA – On 20 December 2018, a consortium formed by Snam (60%), Enagás (20%) and Fluxys (20%) completed the acquisition of a 66% stake in DESFA for an amount of €535 million. * Hellenic Petroleum – Starting from the 1990s, the Greek Government gradually sold its shares in the company, and currently owns only 35.5% of the shares. * Hellenic Vehicle Industry (ELVO) – In December 2020, 79% of the shares were acquired by an Israeli consortium formed by Plasan and SK Group. The Hellenic state continues to retains 21% of the shares. * Olympic Airways – at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012. * OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) – privatization completed in 2013, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-opap-idUSBRE97B0BF20130812 |title=Greece completes privatization of gambling monopoly OPAP |newspaper=Reuters |date=12 August 2013}}</ref> * OTE (Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) – became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%. Since May 2018, Deutsche Telekom owns 45% of the shares, and the Hellenic State has retained 5%. * Piraeus Port Authority – In April 2016, HRADF sold 51% of Piraeus Port Authority to the COSCO Group. * Public Power Corporation – In 2001, PPC carried out a share flotation on the Athens Stock Exchange and consequently was no longer wholly owned by the government, although it was still controlled by it with a 51.12% stake until 2021. The company was privatised in November 2021, when the Greek government decreased its shareholding to 34.12% and transferred it to the Greek sovereign wealth fund, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP). * Thessaloniki Port Authority – In March 2018, an international consortium acquired 67% of the shares, with the Hellenic State retaining 7.27%. * TrainOSE – It was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian railway company, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.
== Hong Kong == * Hong Kong Mail Service * Link REIT * MTR Corporation
== Honduras == {{see also|Water privatization in Honduras}}
== Iceland == {{main|List of privatisations in Iceland}}
* Búnaðarbanki Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003 * Landsbanki Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003 * Landssími Íslands hf – privatized in 2005 * Skýrr hf – privatized in 1997–1998
== India ==
* Air India – sold to Tata Group in 2020 * Bharat Aluminium Company – sold to Vedanta Limited in 2000 * CMC Limited – sold to Tata Consultancy Services in 2001 * Lagan Engineering – in 2001 * Hindustan Zinc Limited – sold to Vedanta Limited in 2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-02-20/india-business/27263364_1_public-sector-privatisation-labour-unions |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103165120/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-02-20/india-business/27263364_1_public-sector-privatisation-labour-unions |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=The Times of India |title=Winners and losers of HZL privatisation}}</ref> * Maruti Udyog Limited later became a joint venture between Suzuki and Government of India, now known as Maruti Suzuki * Modern Food Industries – sold to Hindustan Unilever in 2000 * Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited – sold to Tata Group in 2002 * Jessop & Company – sold to Ruia Group in 2003 * Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited – sold to Reliance Industries * Hindustan Petroleum - sold to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in 2017 * IDBI Bank - 51% majority sold to LIC in 2019 * Following Airports: ** Jaipur International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Cochin International Airport ** Mangalore International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Thiruvananthapuram International Airport – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by GMR Group ** Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport - Lucknow – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by GMR Group ** Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - Mumbai – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport - Ahmedabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group ** Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport - Guwahati – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by Adani Group
== Indonesia == {{see also|Water privatization in Jakarta}}
* Aneka Gas Industri (partially sold to Messer Group and PT Tira Austenite in 1996, fully sold to Samator Gas in 2004) * Indosat (sold to Temasek Holdings in 2002–2003)
== Iran == {{see also|Privatization in Iran}}
== Iraq == * (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States-sponsored government
== Ireland == * ACCBank – sold to Rabobank * Aer Lingus – floated on the stock market * AIB – after the 2008 financial crisis, the bank was nationalised; the Irish Government still retains a 12.5% stake.[https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/irish-state-cuts-aib-stake-in-further-move-towards-privatisation/ar-AA1xZfe9] * British and Irish Steampacket Company Limited – sold to Irish Continental Group * Cablelink – sold to NTL Ireland; formerly held 50/50 by Telecom Éireann and Raidió Teilifís Éireann, both state-owned at the time * ICC Bank – sold to Bank of Scotland * Irish Life – sold to Irish Permanent * Irish National Petroleum Corporation – all assets sold to ConocoPhillips, still exists in law * Irish Steel – acquired by affiliates of Ispat Steel * Irish Sugar – floated on stock market as Greencore; state retains one share for veto purposes * Nítrigin Éireann – sold to its other shareholder in Irish Fertiliser Industries, Richardsons, final firm called IFI, no longer exists * Telecom Éireann – floated on the stock market * TSB Bank – bought by Irish Life and Permanent from the Government of Ireland in 2001
== Israel == {{see also|Privatization in Israel}} * Bezeq * El Al * Bank Hapoalim * Bank Leumi (partial) * Israel Chemicals * Israel Discount Bank (partial) * RAFAEL Armament Development Authority (partial) * Zim Integrated Shipping Services
== Italy == * INA Assitalia * ITA Airways acquired by Lufthansa Group * Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion)<ref>http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430104701/http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120 |date=30 April 2005 }}]</ref> * Eni * IRI (among which are Autostrade s.p.a., Credito Italiano) * Telecom Italia * Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |title=Enel Raises Eu1.48 Billion |access-date=20 December 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430100132/http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |archive-date=30 April 2005}}</ref>
== Japan == {{see also|Division and privatization of Japanese National Railways}} * Japan Airlines * Japan Highway Public Corporation (only converted into three regional joint-stock companies which are all remaining wholly state-owned) * Japan Post (half-privatized; the state must by law own one-third) * Japan Railways Group (formerly Japanese National Railways) * Japan Tobacco (the state must by law own one-third) * New Tokyo International Airport Authority (Narita Airport) (only converted into joint-stock company which remains wholly state-owned) * Nippon Express * Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (the state must by law own one-third)
== Jordan == * Aramex International (Q1 2005, 75% for $150–200 million) * Jordan Telecom * Queen Alia International Airport
== South Korea == * Korea Electric Power (KEPCO; half-privatized) * Korea Telecom * KOGAS * KT&G (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng) * POSCO (Pohang Iron & Steel)
== Kuwait == * Kuwait Finance House (November 2004, 25% of the company for $1 billion)
== Malaysia == * Johor Water Corporation * Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad – national railway company * Malaysia Airlines * Malaysia Airports Holdings * Pasir Gudang Local Authority * Pos Malaysia – national postal services * Senai International Airport * Telekom Malaysia * Tenaga National Berhad – national electricity-generation and distribution
== Mexico == 1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds.
== Morocco == {{see also|Privatization in Morocco|Water privatization in Morocco}}
== Netherlands ==
* PTT, the mail and telecom company
== New Zealand == {{see also|State-Owned Enterprises of New Zealand|Rogernomics|Rail privatisation in New Zealand}} * Air New Zealand – privatized in 1989, subsequently rescued by the Government of New Zealand in 2001 * Auckland Airport * Bank of New Zealand – semi-privatized in 1987; rescued by the Crown in 1990; sold off in 1992 * Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ) – part of which became privatized as Contact Energy in the period 1995–1998 * Government Print * Ministry of Works and Development * Natural Gas Corporation (NGC), ultimately absorbed into Vector Limited * New Zealand Steel – privatized from 1987, now part of BlueScope * The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) – bought by the ANZ Bank in 1989 * Telecom New Zealand – privatized in 1990 * New Zealand Rail Limited – privatized in 1993, became Tranz Rail Limited in 1995; the government subsequently repurchased the track lease * various council-controlled organisations formerly owned by territorial authorities: see also Local Authority Trading Enterprises (LATEs)
== Norway == * Arcus (sold to Sucra in 2001) * Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse (sold to Nordea in 2000) * DnB NOR (floated on the stock market in 1995, government retains 34%) * Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap (sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2003) * Fredrikstad Energi (49% sold to Fortum) * Kongsberg Gruppen (floated on the stock market in 1993, government retains 50%) * Norsk Medisinaldepot (sold to Celesio in 2001) * NSB Gods (now CargoNet, partially sold to Green Cargo in 2002, NSB retains 55%) * Oslo Energi (parts merged with Hafslund) * Postbanken (merged with DnB NOR in 1999) * Statkorn (floated on the stock market as Cermaq in 2000, government retains 44%) * Statoil (floated on the stock market in 2001, government retains 71%) * Telenor (floated on the stock market in 2000, government retains 54%) * TrønderBilene (66% sold to Fosen Trafikklag in 1999) * Østfold Energi (parts sold to Fortum in 2001) * Årdal og Sunndal Verk (merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986)
== Pakistan == {{main|Privatisation in Pakistan}}
* National Refinery Limited (acquired by Attock Group of Companies in July 2005) * Pakistan Telecom sold out to Eitisalat in 2006.
== Peru ==
* AeroPeru – Peruvian Air Transport Enterprise (sold to Aeroméxico in 1993, closed in 1999) * ENATRU – National Urban Transport Enterprise (sold to the employees) * Empresa Regional de Servicio Público de Electricidad del Sur Medio – ELECTRODUNAS (Sold to HICA) * SIDERPERU (Sold to Sider Corporation S.A) * PESCAPERU – Fishing National Enterprise * MINEROPERU – Peruvian National Mining Company * Tintaya (sold to Magma Copper Corporation) * Ilo Mining (sold to Southern Peru Copper Corporation, and since 2018 is part of Grupo Mexico) * Centromin – Mining of Central Peru * Hierro Peru (Sold to Shougang Group) * National Company of Gas – SOL GAS (sold to Repsol) * EDEGEL (sold to Endesa in 1996, since 2016 is part of Enel) * ENAFER (Parts of Peru Rail, Fetransa and FCCA) * CPT – ENTEL (Sold to Telefonica in 1994) * EDELNOR (sold to Endesa in 1994, since 2016 is part of Enel) * EDELSUR (sold to Sempra Energy in 1994, since 2019 is part of CTG) * Banco Continental del Peru (Sold to BBV and since 1999 part of BBVA) * Inter bank (Part of Banco Internacional del Peru)
== Philippines == {{see also|Water privatization in Metro Manila}} *Manila Hotel – was acquired by the Insular Government through the Manila Railroad Company in 1919, re-privatized in 1995.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Unpaid Manila Hotel loans soar to P17B|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090506-203379/Unpaid-Manila-Hotel-loans-soar-to-P17B|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2009-05-06|access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref> *Metro Manila Transit Corporation – split into four private companies in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Transportation History Of The Philippines|url=https://docu.tips/documents/transportation-history-of-the-philippines-5c15caff39560|access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref> *National Sugar Trading Corporation (NASUTRA) – Former state monopoly, split in 1986 into its various predecessors.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.sra.gov.ph/about-us/history/|title=Sugar Industry History|publisher=Sugar Regulatory Administration |access-date=May 31, 2013}}</ref> *Philippine National Bank – 1989–2005<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pnb.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/docs/2007-PR-2ndQuarter.pdf|title=POST-REHAB INCOME SURGES; ASSET QUALITY FORTIFIED|work=PNB Press Release|access-date=2023-06-09}}</ref> *Radio Philippines Network – 80% privatized since 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://business.inquirer.net/177106/cabangon-chua-group-set-to-take-over-rpn-9 |title=Cabangon-Chua group set to take over RPN-9 |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref>
== Poland == {{see also|Balcerowicz Plan}} * Telekomunikacja Polska S.A.
== Portugal == * ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports) * CIMPOR * CTT – Portuguese post * EDP – Energia de Portugal * Fidelidade – the insurance part of the CGD public bank * Galp Energia – national petroleum company * Portugal Telecom – national telecommunications company * REN – Rede Eléctrica Nacional * TAP – airline
== Qatar == * Qatargas (now QatarEnergy LNG) – liquefied natural gas company (Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)
== Romania == * Rompetrol – petroleum company (1993 & 1998) * Ursus Breweries – beer brewer and distributor (1996) * Romcim (now Lafarge Romania) – industrial materials company (1997) * Casial Hunedoara (now HeidelbergCement Romania) – industrial materials company (1997) * Romtelecom (now Telekom Romania) – telecommunications company (1998 & 2003) * BRD – Groupe Société Générale – bank (1999) * Automobile Dacia – car manufacturer (1999) * Astra Rail Industries – rail vehicle manufacturer (1999 & 2000) * Petromidia Refinery – oil refinery (2000) * Sidex (now ArcelorMittal Galați) – steelworks (2001) * Alro – aluminium company (2002) * Petrom – petroleum company (2004) * Banca Comercială Română – bank (2003 & 2006) * Electrica – electricity distributor (2006, 2008 & 2014) * Automobile Craiova (now Ford Romania) – car manufacturer (2007)
== Russia == {{see also|Privatization in Russia}}
A wide-scale privatization program was launched in 1992–1994, using a voucher privatization scheme; from 1995, a monetary scheme was used. * Gazprom (1994) * LUKoil (1995) * Mechel (1995) * MMC Norilsk Nickel (1995) * Novolipetsk Steel (1995) * Surgutneftegaz (1995) * YUKOS (1995)
== Saudi Arabia == * Al-Bilad Bank (2008, 50%) * Bank Al-Inma (2008, 70%) * Government Hotels (2005, 100% of King Abdullah International Convention Centre in Jeddah and Ritz Carlton in Riyadh) * Maaden (2008, 50%) * National Commercial Bank (2014, 25%) * Riyad Bank (2008, 58%) * SABIC (1984, 30%) * Saudi Arabian Airlines (2006, split into 10 business units, 5 of which were privatized) * Saudi Electric Company (2000, 26%) * Saudi Ports (1997, 27 management contracts were given out to various ports around the Kingdom) * Saudi Real Estate Company (2003, 50%) * Saudi Telecom Company (2002, 30%)
== Singapore == * Port of Singapore Authority (1997) * Post Office Savings Bank (bought by DBS Bank in 1998 and rebranded as POSBank) * Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (1994, as the Television Corporation of Singapore; later renamed MediaCorp in 2001) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms * Singapore Post – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms * Singapore Power – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms * Singapore Telecommunications (1992) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
== Slovakia == {{see also|Privatization in Slovakia}}
== South Africa == {{see also|Water privatisation in South Africa}} * Iscor – Now known as ArcelorMittal South Africa, the company was privatised in 1989. * Telkom – Gradually privatised starting with the IPO in 2003. The government currently holds 39%, and is planning on selling its entire stake.
== Spain == * Aceralia * Argentaria * ENDESA (1988–1998) * Gas Natural * Iberia Airlines (2001) * Indra * Red Electrica de España * Repsol (1989–1997) * Retevision * SEAT (1986) * Tabacalera
== Sweden ==
=== 1980s === * ASEA-ATOM (1981) - * Luxor AB (1984) * SSAB (1986–1994) * UV Shipping (1988)
=== 1990s === * AssiDomän * Celsius * Cementa * Enator * Företagskapital * Industrikredit AB * Lantbrukskredit AB * Nordbanken (partial) * OK Petroleum * Pharmacia * Pharmacia & Upjohn * SAKAB * SAQ Kontrol * SBL Vaccin * SEMKO * SSAB (wholly privatised in 1994) * Stadshypotek AB * Svalöf Weibull AB * Svensk Fastighetsvärdering * Svenska Statens Språkresor AB * Swedish Real Estate Valuation Corp * VPC AB
=== 2000s === * Celsius AB * Grängesbergs Gruvor * Kurortsverksamhet * Nordbanken * OMX – stock exchange – shares sold to Borse Dubai for 2.1 billion SEK.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://di.se/Nyheter/?page=/Avdelningar/Artikel.aspx%3FO%3DRSS%26ArticleId%3D2008%255c02%255c15%255c270677 |title=Regeringen har sålt hela OMX-innehavet |access-date=2 May 2008 |publisher=Dagens Industri |date=15 February 2008}}</ref> * SAKAB * SGAB * Svenska Lagerhus * Svenska * Vin & Sprit – sold to Pernod Ricard for 5.626 billion euro<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thelocal.se/10800/20080331/ |title=Pernod wins auction for Vin & Sprit |access-date=31 March 2008 |publisher=The Local |date=31 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404034300/http://www.thelocal.se/10800/20080331/ |archive-date=4 April 2008}}</ref>
=== 2010s === * Nordea (19.5% owned by Swedish government)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordea-sale/sweden-sells-remaining-stake-in-nordea-for-3-4-billion-idUSBRE98O06C20130925 |title=Sweden sells remaining stake in Nordea for $3.4 billion |access-date=7 November 2017 |publisher=reuters |date=25 September 2013}}</ref>
=== Planned privatisations === * Apoteket (partial, 2009)<ref>[http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214114637/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 |date=14 February 2009 }}</ref> * SBAB * SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)<ref>[http://www.scandinavian.net/EC/Appl/Home/FrontDoor/0,3479,LNG%253Dsv%2526SO%253D3F835E583CA54419_8E54125940D43A6B%2526MKT%253DSE,00.html Scandinavian Airlines<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * Telia Sonera<ref>[http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 Privata Affärer – Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152313/http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> (37.3% owned by the Swedish government) <ref>Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, {{cite web |url=http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020020110/http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref>
== Tanzania == {{see also|Water privatization in Dar es Salaam}}
== Turkey == {{further|Privatization Board of Turkey}} (Listing Scope >US $10 M.)<ref>Privatization in Turkey, Republic Of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization Administration, 2010, http://www.oib.gov.tr/program/uygulamalar/privatization_in_turkey.htm</ref>
=== 1980s === * Ankara Çimento * Ansan-Meda * Balikesi̇r Çimento * Pinarhi̇sar Çimento * Söke Çimento
=== 1990s === * Adiyaman Çimento * Anadolubank * Aşkale Çimento * Bartin Çimento * Bozüyük Seramik * Çİnkur * Çorum Çimento * Denİzbank * Denİzlİ Çimento * Elaziğ Çimento * Erganİ Çimento * Etİbank * Fİlyos * Gazİantep Çimento * Güneş Sigorta Spor Kulübü * Havaş * Ipragaz * İskenderun Çimento * Kars Çimento * Konya Krom Man.A.Ş. * Kümaş * Kurtalan Çimento * Ladİk Çimento * Lalapaşa Çimento * Metaş * Petlas * Ray Sigorta * Şanliurfa Çimento * Sİvas Çimento * Sümerbank * Trabzon Çimento * Türk Kablo * Tofaş S.K. * Van Çimento Sanayii * Yarimca Porselen T.A.Ş.
=== 2000s === * Adapazarı Sugar Fac. * Asİl Çelİk * Ataköy Hotel * Ataköy Marina * Ataköy Tourism * Başak Insurance * Başak Retirement Fund * Bet Kütahya Şeker * Bursagaz * Çayelİ Bakir İşl.A.Ş. * Cyprus Turkish Airlines * Denİz Naklİyati T.A.Ş. * Esgaz * Eti Aluminium * Etİ Bakir * Etİ Elektrometalurji * Etİ Gümüş A.Ş. * Etİ Krom A.Ş. * Güven Sİgorta * Dİv-Han * Taksan * Türk Telekom
== Ukraine == * Kryvorizhstal
== United Arab Emirates == * Damas Jewelry (November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)
== United Kingdom == {{see also|Privatisation of London bus services|Water privatisation in England and Wales}}
=== 1970s === * British Petroleum (1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1987) * British Sugar (1977, 1982) * Cambridge Instrument Company (1979) * International Computers Limited (1979) * Lunn Poly (1971) * Rolls-Royce Motors (1973) * Sinclair Radionics (1979) * State Management Scheme (1973) * Thomas Cook (1972)
=== 1980s === * Alfred Herbert (1980) * Amersham International (1982) * Associated British Ports (1983, 1984) * British Aerospace (1981, 1985) * British Airports Authority (1987) * British Airways (1987) * British Airways Helicopters (1986) * British Gas (1986) * British Leyland ** Alvis (1981) ** Coventry Climax (1982) ** Danish Automobile Building (1987) ** ISTEL (1987) ** Jaguar (1984) ** Leyland Bus (1987) ** Leyland Tractors (1982) ** Leyland Trucks (1987) ** Rover Group (1988) ** Unipart (1987) * British Rail Engineering Limited (1989) * British Shipbuilders (1985–1989, shipbuilder companies sold individually) * British Steel (1988) * British Telecom (1984, 1991, 1993) * British Transport Hotels (1983) * Britoil (1982, 1985) * Cable & Wireless (1981, 1983, 1985) * Council houses (1980–present, over two million sold to their tenants) – ''see main article Right to buy scheme'' * Crown post offices (1989–2025, branches sold individually as franchises) * Enterprise Oil (1984) * Fairey (1980) * Ferranti (1982) * Harland & Wolff (1989) * Inmos (1984) * Johnson Matthey Bankers (1986) * Municipal bus companies (1988–present, bus companies sold individually) – ''see main article Bus deregulation in Great Britain'' * National Bus Company (1986–1988, bus companies sold individually) * National Express (1988) * National Freight Corporation (1982) * Passenger transport executive bus companies (1988–1994, bus companies sold individually) * Rolls-Royce (1987) * Royal Ordnance (1987) * Sealink (1984) * Short Brothers (1989) * Travellers Fare (1988) * Trustee Savings Bank (1985) * Vale of Rheidol Railway (1989) * Water companies – ''see main article Water privatisation in England and Wales'' ** Anglian Water (1989) ** North West Water (1989) ** Northumbrian Water (1989) ** Severn Trent (1989) ** South West Water (1989) ** Southern Water (1989) ** Thames Water (1989) ** Welsh Water (1989) ** Wessex Water (1989) ** Yorkshire Water (1989)
=== 1990s === * AEA Technology (1996) * Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (1997) * Belfast International Airport (1994) * Birmingham Airport (1993 – 51%) * Bournemouth Airport (1995) * Bristol Airport (1997, 2001) * British Coal (1994) * British Energy (1996, 2007, 2009) * British Rail – ''see main article Privatisation of British Rail'' ** 3 rolling stock companies: *** Angel Trains (1996) *** Eversholt Leasing (1996) *** Porterbrook (1996) ** 6 design office units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 6 freight operating companies *** Freightliner (1995) *** Loadhaul (1996) *** Mainline Freight (1996) *** Rail Express Systems (1996) *** Railfreight Distribution (1997) *** Transrail Freight (1996) ** 6 track renewal units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 7 infrastructure maintenance units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 25 train operating companies (1996, operations contracted out as franchises) ** British Rail Research (1996) ** British Rail Telecommunications (1995) ** European Passenger Services (1996) ** Railtrack (1996) (18 October 2002 went into voluntary liquidation), now in public ownership as Network Rail ** Red Star Parcels (1995) ** Union Railways (1996) * British Technology Group (1992) * Building Research Establishment (1997) * Cardiff Airport (1995) * Central Electricity Generating Board ** National Grid (1990) ** National Power (1991, 1995) ** Powergen (1991, 1995) * Chessington Computer Centre (1996) * Civil Aviation Authority (1996, Flight Calibration Services business) * Crown Agents (1997) * Dairy Crest (1996) * East Midlands Airport (1993) * Export Credits Guarantee Department (1991, short term credit business) * Girobank (1990) * Humberside Airport (1999 – 82%) * Kingston Communications (1999, 2007) * Laboratory of the Government Chemist (1996) * Liverpool Airport (1990, 2001) * London Buses (1994, bus companies sold individually) – ''see main article Privatisation of London bus services'' * London Luton Airport (1997) * London Southend Airport (1993) * Mersey Docks and Harbour Company (1998) * Military houses (1996) * National Engineering Laboratory (1995) * National Savings Bank (1999, back office functions contracted out) * National Transcommunications Limited (1990) * Natural Resources Institute (1996) * Northern Ireland Electricity (1993) ** Ballylumford power station (1992) ** Belfast West power station (1992) ** Coolkeeragh power station (1992) ** Kilroot power station (1992) * Property Services Agency (1994) * Regional electricity companies ** East Midlands Electricity (1990) ** Eastern Electricity (1990) ** London Electricity (1990) ** MANWEB (1990) ** Midlands Electricity (1990) ** Northern Electric (1990) ** NORWEB (1990) ** SEEBOARD (1990) ** Southern Electric (1990) ** SWALEC (1990) ** SWEB Energy (1990) ** Yorkshire Electricity (1990) * Royal Dockyards ** Devonport Dockyard (1993) ** Portsmouth Dockyard (1998) ** Rosyth Dockyard (1997) * Scottish Bus Group (1991, bus companies sold individually) * Scottish Hydro-Electric (1991) * Scottish Power (1991) * Severn Bridge (1992) * The Stationery Office (1996) * Student Loans (1998, 1999, 2013, mortgage–style loans) * Transport Research Laboratory (1996) * Trust Ports ** Clyde (1992) ** Dundee (1995) ** Forth (1992) ** Ipswich (1997) ** Medway (1992) ** Tees and Hartlepool (1992) ** Tilbury (1992)
=== 2000s === * Actis (2004, 2012) * BBC Books (2006 – 85%) * BBC Broadcast (2005) * BBC Costumes and Wigs (2008) * BBC Outside Broadcasts (2008) * BBC Technology (2004) * British Nuclear Fuels Limited ** AWE Management Limited (2008) ** BNG America (2007) ** BNG Project Services (2008) ** Reactor Sites Management Company (2007) ** Westinghouse Electric Company (2006) * East Thames Buses (2009) * Leeds Bradford Airport (2007) * London Underground (2003, sale of concession to maintain infrastructure for 30 years) * National Air Traffic Services (2001 – 51%) * Newcastle Airport (2001 – 49%) * Partnerships UK (2000, 2011) * Qinetiq (2002, 2006, 2008) * South Eastern Trains (2006) * Teesside International Airport (2003 – 75%) * UKAEA Limited (2009)
=== 2010s === * BBC Audiobooks (2010, 2014) * BBC Magazines (2011) * Behavioural Insights Team (2014, 2021) * Bio Products Laboratory (2013, 2016) * British Waterways (2012) * Constructionline (2015) * Defence Support Group (2015) * Dr Foster Intelligence (2015) * East Coast Trains (2015) * Eurostar International Limited (2015 – 40%) * Fire Service College (2013) * Food and Environment Research Agency (2015 – 75%) * Government Pipelines and Storage System (2015) * High Speed 1 (2010; sale of concession to operate for 30 years) * Lloyds Banking Group (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) * Manchester Airports Group (2013 – 35%) * Marchwood Military Port (2016; sale of concession to operate for 35 years) * NEC Group (2015) * Network Rail (2019, commercial property business) * Northern Rock (2012) * Northern Rock (Asset Management) (2016) * Remploy (2012, 2013, 2015, factory businesses sold individually) * Royal Bank of Scotland Group (2015, 2018) * Royal Mail (2013, 2015) * Student Loans (2017, 2018, income–contingent loans) * The Tote (2011) * UK Green Investment Bank (2017) * Working Links (2016)
=== 2020s === * Bradford & Bingley (2021) * NatWest Group (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025) * NRAM Limited (2021) * Wave Hub (2021)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+'''Privatisations by share offer, 1981–91''' From Nigel Lawson, ''The View from No. 11'' (Bantam, 1992). |- | ''Date''|| ''Company'' || ''% of equity initially sold'' || ''Proceeds £m'' |- | Feb 1981 || British Aerospace || 51.6 || 150 |- | Oct 1981 || Cable & Wireless || 50 || 224 |- | Feb 1982 || Amersham International || 100 || 71 |- | Nov 1982 || Britoil || 51 || 549 |- | Feb 1983 || Associated British Ports || 51.5 || 22 |- | June 1984 || Enterprise Oil || 100 || 392 |- | July 1984 || Jaguar || 99 || 294 |- | Nov 1984 || British Telecom || 50.2 || 3,916 |- | Dec 1986 || British Gas || 97 || 5,434 |- | Feb 1987 || British Airways || 100 || 900 |- | May 1987 || Rolls-Royce || 100 || 1,363 |- | July 1987 || British Airports Authority || 100 || 1,281 |- | Dec 1988 || British Steel || 100 || 2,500 |- | Dec 1989 || Regional Water Companies || 100 || 5,110 |- | Dec 1990 || Electricity Distribution Companies || 100 || 5,092 |- | Mar 1991 || National Power and PowerGen || 60 || 2,230 |- | May 1991 || Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro Electric || 100 || 2,880 |}
== United States == {{see also|Privatization in the United States}} * Conrail * Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) * Railway Express Agency * Student Loan Marketing Association (SLM Corporation) (Sallie Mae)
== See also == * Nationalization ** List of nationalizations by country * Privatization
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{cite book |last=Parker |first=David |title=The Official History of Privatisation Vol. I: The Formative Years, 1970–1987 |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-415-46916-6}} * {{cite book |last=Parker |first=David |title=The Official History of Privatisation, Vol. II: Popular Capitalism, 1987–97 |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-69221-2}} * {{cite report |last1=Kim |first1=Kunmin |last2=Panchanatham |first2=N. |title=Reform and Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises in India |date=16 December 2019 |url=https://www.adb.org/publications/reform-and-privatization-state-owned-enterprises-india |publisher=Asian Development Bank |access-date=26 August 2021 |type=Working paper |format=PDF |language=en}} * {{cite news |last1=Suyi |first1=Kim |title=India is making the right moves with its mega privatization plan |url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/india-is-making-the-right-moves-with-its-mega-privatization-plan-11619028273985.html |work=mint |date=21 April 2021 |access-date=26 August 2021 |language=en}}
== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040506213902/http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/M/William.L.Megginson-1/samplebill.pdf Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000] – Appendix to Juliet D'Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), [http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/M/William.L.Megginson-1/prv90pap.pdf "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s"], ''Journal of Finance'' August 1999 * [http://www.imaa-institute.org/ Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A] – Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization
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