Ponera

{{Short description|Genus of ants}} {{For|the genus of orchids|Ponera (plant)}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Ponera sp.jpg | image_caption = ''Ponera'' sp. | image_upright = 1.15 | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Ponera | authority = Latreille, 1804 | type_species = ''Formica coarctata'' | type_species_authority = Latreille, 1802 | diversity_link = #Species | diversity = 66 species | diversity_ref = <ref name="AntCat">{{AntCat|430125|Ponera|2014|accessdate=20 July 2014}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Pseudocryptopone'' Wheeler, W.M., 1933 ''Pteroponera'' Bernard, 1950 ''Selenopone'' Wheeler, W.M., 1933 }}

'''''Ponera''''' is a genus of ponerine ants. The name is the Latinized form (''{{lang|la|Ponēra}}'') of the Ancient Greek ''{{transliteration|grc|ponēra}}'' ({{lang|grc|πονηρά}}, 'wicked, wretched').<ref>{{OED|ponerid}}</ref>

==Description== Workers are very small to small in size (1–4 mm); queen are similar to workers but winged.<ref name="Schmidt&Shattuck_2014"/> This genus is very similar to ''Cryptopone'', ''Hypoponera'' and ''Pachycondyla''.<ref name=aao>{{cite web|url=http://anic.ento.csiro.au/ants/biota_details.aspx?BiotaID=39718 |title=Ponera Latreille, 1804, Ants Down Under |publisher=CSIRO Australia|date= |access-date=2010-08-10}}</ref>

==Biology== ''Ponera'' nests contain less than 100 workers in protected places on the ground, most often in the soil or in cracks, rotten wood, under bark or moss on rotten logs.<ref name=aao/>

==Distribution== ''Ponera'' is known from the Holarctic, Samoa, New Guinea and Australia.<ref name=aao/>

==Species== [[File:Ponera leptocephala Emery 1891 fig 3.jpg|thumb|right|Illustration of ''Ponera leptocephala'' in Sicilian amber]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *''Ponera alisana'' Terayama, 1986 *''Ponera alpha'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera augusta'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera bableti'' Perrault, 1993 *''Ponera baka'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera bawana'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera bishamon'' Terayama, 1996 *''Ponera borneensis'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera chapmani'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera chiponensis'' Terayama, 1986 *''Ponera clavicornis'' Emery, 1900 *''Ponera coarctata'' (Latreille, 1802) *''Ponera colaensis'' Mann, 1921 *''Ponera diodonta'' Xu, 2001 *†''Ponera elegantissima'' Meunier, 1923 *''Ponera elegantula'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera exotica'' Smith, 1962 *''Ponera guangxiensis'' Zhou, 2001 *''Ponera hubeiensis'' Wang & Zhao, 2009 *''Ponera incerta'' (Wheeler, 1933) *''Ponera indica'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *''Ponera japonica'' Wheeler, 1906 *''Ponera kohmoku'' Terayama, 1996 *''Ponera leae'' Forel, 1913 *†''Ponera leptocephala'' Emery, 1891 *†''Ponera lobulifera'' Dlussky, 2009 *''Ponera loi'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera longlina'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera manni'' Taylor, 1967 *†''Ponera mayri'' Dlussky, 2009 *''Ponera menglana'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera nangongshana'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera norfolkensis'' Wheeler, 1935 *''Ponera oreas'' (Wheeler, 1933) *''Ponera paedericera'' Zhou, 2001 *''Ponera pennsylvanica'' Buckley, 1866 *''Ponera pentodontos'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera petila'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera pianmana'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera rishen'' Terayama, 2009 *''Ponera ruficornis'' Spinola, 1851 *''Ponera scabra'' Wheeler, 1928 *''Ponera selenophora'' Emery, 1900 *''Ponera shennong'' Terayama, 2009 *''Ponera sikkimensis'' Bharti & Rilta, 2015 *''Ponera sinensis'' Wheeler, 1928 *''Ponera swezeyi'' (Wheeler, 1933) *''Ponera syscena'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera sysphinctoides'' Bernard, 1950 *''Ponera szaboi'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera szentivanyi'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera taipingensis'' Forel, 1913 *''Ponera taiyangshen'' Terayama, 2009 *''Ponera takaminei'' Terayama, 1996 *''Ponera tamon'' Terayama, 1996 *''Ponera taylori'' Bharti & Wachkoo, 2012 *''Ponera tenuis'' (Emery, 1900) *''Ponera terayamai'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''Ponera testacea'' Emery, 1895 *''Ponera tudigong'' Pierce, Leong & Guénard, 2019 *†''Ponera wheeleri'' Dlussky, 2009 *''Ponera woodwardi'' Taylor, 1967 *''Ponera wui'' Leong, Guénard, Shiao & Lin, 2019 *''Ponera xantha'' Xu, 2001 *''Ponera xenagos'' Wilson, 1957 *''Ponera yuhuang'' Terayama, 2009 {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Schmidt&Shattuck_2014">{{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=C. A. |last2=Shattuck |first2=S. O. |date=2014 |title=The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3817 |issue=1 |pages=1–242 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 |pmid=24943802}}</ref>

}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Ponera|''Ponera''}}

Category:Ponerinae Category:Ant genera Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille

Ponera

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