Picolit

{{Short description|Variety of grape}} {{Infobox grape variety | name = Picolit | color = Blanc | image =  | caption =  | species = ''Vitis vinifera'' | also_called = see list of synonyms | origin = Italy | regions = Friuli-Venezia Giulia | notable_wines = Colli Orientali del Friuli }}

'''Picolit''' (also known as '''Piccolit''' and '''Piccolito''') is a white Italian wine grape grown in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy. The grape is allowed in the ''Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita'' (DOCG) wines of Colli Orientali del Friuli. The grape is most commonly associated with sweet dessert wines often made in the ''passito'' style. Historically planted in poor and infertile vineyards, the grape gets its name from the very small stalk, which in friulian language is called ''pecolèt'' or ''pecolùt''. The grape had a worldwide reputation in the 18th century when it was featured in royal courts from Great Britain to the Russian Empire. While experiencing cult wine popularity in the 1960s & 1970s, Picolit's extremely small yields have made it economically difficult to grow and has limited the number of plantings.<ref name="Oxford pg 524">J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 524 Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0198609906}}</ref>

It was assumed to be identical with the Hungarian grape variety Kéknyelű.<ref name="VIVC">[http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=5852 Picolit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513095935/http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=5852 |date=2012-05-13 }}, Vitis International Variety Catalogue, accessed 2010-12-03</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2012}} But in 2006 isoenzymes and microsatellite analyses have confirmed that these two cultivars are different.<ref name="G. Jahnkea, J. Korbulyb, J. Májera and J. Györffyné Molnára">{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.011 | volume=114 | title=Discrimination of the grapevine cultivars 'Picolit' and 'Kéknyelű' with molecular markers | year=2007 | journal=Scientia Horticulturae | pages=71–73 | last1 = Jahnke | first1 = G. | last2 = Korbuly | first2 = J. | last3 = Májer | first3 = J. | last4 = Molnár | first4 = J. Györffyné | bibcode=2007ScHor.114...71J }}</ref>

==History== While the exact origins of the grape are not clear, Picolit was well known internationally during the 18th century as a favorite of Count Fabio Asquini. The Count oversaw production of more than 100,000 bottles that was exported to the royal courts of the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Russia, Saxony and Tuscany as well as the Vatican. Asquini was a pioneer who left diligent notes on his growing and winemaking methods to coax the most out of the limited resources that the Picolit vine produces, but the difficulty in growing the vine led to a sharp decline in plantings. The Perusini family invested many resources during the 20th century to develop new clones that would be easier to cultivate but still retain the desirable characteristics of the grape. While a brief spike in popularity in the 1960s & 1970s did elevate the Picolit wine to cult wine status, the work of the Perusini family is credited with keeping the grape from extinction. The popularity of Picolit wine has led to the illegal practice of blending it with inferior quality Verduzzo to stretch the supply.<ref name="Oxford pg 524"/>

==Wine styles== The Picolit grape balance of acidity and sugar lends itself well to dessert wine production. Both late harvest and ''passito'' styles are made. With ''passito'' wines, the Picolit grapes are normally harvested in mid-October and then dried to raisins on straw mats before pressing. The late harvest styles are picked several weeks later, just before the grapes raisin on the vine. After fermentation, the wine is aged-often in oak barrels. In addition to being served after dinner, the wine is also considered a ''vino da meditazione'' or apéritif that can be served alone. Picolit wines tend to be characterized by soft floral aromas with peach and apricot flavors.<ref name="Oxford pg 524"/>

== Synonyms == Picolit is also known under the synonyms Balafan, Balafant, Blaustengler, Blaustingl Weiss, Kel'ner, Peccoleto Bianco, Piccolet, Piccoletta, Piccolit, Piccoliti Bianco, Piccolito, Piccolito Bianco, Piccolito del Friuli, Piccolitt, Piccolitto, Piccolitto Friulano, Picoleto Bianco, Piculit, Pikolit, Pikolit Weiss, Piros Keknyelü, Ranful Weiss, Szabo Istvan, Szod Bajor, Uva del Friuli, Weisser Blaustingl, Weisser Ranful, and Wisellertraube Weiss,<ref name="VIVC"/> but none of these is present in Friuli and Italy, except "Picolit" which is the only guaranteed and protected name.

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == *[http://www.sanpellegrino.com/flash_site/articolo.asp?id=867|Further Information About the History of Picolit] *[http://www.colliorientali.com/3t/user/pages/main/main.php?user_section=pub-vini&user_mode=vini-bianchi#Picolit Colli Orientali, Picolit]

Category:White wine grape varieties Category:Wine grape varieties of Italy