{{Short description|Island in New Brunswick, Canada}} {{Use Canadian English|date=April 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} {{Infobox islands | name = Pendleton Island | native_name = Um-kub-ahumk'<br />''A Bar, Nearly Covered''<ref name="mono"/> | image_name = Macs and Pendleton Islandjpg.jpeg | image_size = | image_caption = A whale watching ship takes passengers through Doyle's Passage between Pendleton Island (left), and Macs Island (right) witih New Ireland in the foreground. | map = <!--Canada New Brunswick--> | map_width = 220 | map_caption = Location in the Bay of Fundy | label_position = top | coordinates = {{coord|45|1|53|N|66|57|4|W|type:landmark_region:CA-NB|display=it}} | location = Bay of Fundy | archipelago = Deer Island Archipelago | area_km2 = | area_ha = 120 | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://events.natureconservancy.ca/al-event/the-great-fundy-cleanup-2017/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926150644/https://events.natureconservancy.ca/al-event/the-great-fundy-cleanup-2017/ | archive-date=September 26, 2021 | title=The Great Fundy Coastal Cleanup – Conservation Volunteers }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cobscook.org/cobscook-bibliography|title=Cobscook Bibliography|website=Cobscook Bay Resource Center}}</ref> |elevation_m = 77 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="pubs"/> | country = Canada | country_admin_divisions_title = Province | country_admin_divisions = New Brunswick | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = County | country_admin_divisions_1 = Charlotte | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Parish | country_admin_divisions_2 = West Isles Parish | population = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | density_km2 = | module = }}
'''Pendleton Island''' (formerly called '''Doyle's Island'''<ref name="smile"/>) is an undeveloped island in the West Isles Parish of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, where the Bay of Fundy enters Passamaquoddy Bay.<ref name=cnbg>{{cite cgndb|id=DANDU|name=Pendleton Island|accessdate=14 May 2026}}</ref><ref>Thomas, M. L. H., J. A. Stevens, et al. (1990). Shallow marine, littoral and terrestrial associations of Pendleton Island, New Brunswick, Publ. Sci. NAT. New Brunswick Museum (No. 9), New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, New Brunswick, (Canada).</ref><ref>McAslan, Alison. "A Floristic Survey of Pendleton Island, New Brunswick"</ref><ref>Clayden, S.R., "Pendleton Island flora.", 1991</ref>
Doyle's Passage (alternately called Boyle's Passage) initially referred to the narrow northern passage between the island and Macs Island which was then termed ''Letete Island'', but the term later came to refer to the narrow passage between Pendleton's Island and Deer Island, with the northern passage renamed L'etete Passage.<ref name="pubs">{{cite web | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/mpo-dfo/Fs74-13-2021-12-eng.pdf | title=Information archivée dans le Web }}</ref> Two overhead power cables over the passage have clearances of 15 and 21 metres.<ref name="pubs"/> The passage between Pendleton and Deer island is shallow and marked with rocks, making it difficult to cross.<ref name="hydro">Sailing Directions for Nova Scotia, 1952, US Navy Hydrographic Office</ref>
==Geography== thumb|Pendleton Island The island has a mixture of spruce, birch, mountain ash and red maple, balsam fir and tamarack trees.<ref name="ncc">{{cite web |title=Where we work |url=https://www.natureconservancy.ca/en/where-we-work/new-brunswick/featured-projects/bay-of-fundy/fundy-isles.html |website=Nature Conservancy Canada |access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref> A rockweed study was done on the island in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Identification of Significant Marine and Coastal Areas in the Bay of Fundy | url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2007/dfo-mpo/Fs97-4-2635E.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419095937/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2007/dfo-mpo/Fs97-4-2635E.pdf | archive-date=2013-04-19}}</ref>
The island has a {{convert|500|foot|m}} cliff that historically drew thrillseekers to attempt to climb.<ref name="smile">Thompson and Martin, s:The Smiling Isle of Passamaquoddy, 1908</ref> The island contains a lagoon, and its chief bay has a steep gravel barrier beach.<ref name="tides">[https://www.gulfofmaine.org/council/publications/GOMSummitAppendix2.pdf Tides of Change Across the Gulf : Chapter 7 - Recognizing Achievements, Celebrating Success]</ref>
The northern side of the island is silurian rock.<ref name="bailey">{{Cite journal | author=Bailey, LW. | title=The Geological Features of the St Croix River and Pasasmaquoddy Bay | journal=Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries | year=1915 | issue=2 | pages=109–112 | doi=10.1139/f14-026 |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/f14-026}}</ref>
== History == It was named for three Loyalist brothers Stephen, Thomas and Gideon Pendleton who settled the island.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ia601305.us.archive.org/33/items/brianpendletonhi01pend/brianpendletonhi01pend.pdf | title=Brian Pendleton and His Descendants | website=us.archive.org}}</ref><ref name="mono">[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.12511/96 A monograph of the place-nomenclature of the province of New Brunswick]</ref><ref>The exodus of the loyalists from Penobscot and the loyalist settlements at Passamaquoddy</ref> A 1796 deed shows Thomas Pendleton purchased "Hardwood Island" from Thomas Doyle for £150, which is presumed to reference Pendleton's Island rather than the currently-named Hardwood Island a few kilometres away.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/earlynewenglandp00pend_0/earlynewenglandp00pend_0_djvu.txt|title=Early New England Pendletons; with some account of the three groups who took the name Pembleton, and notices of other Pendletons of later origin in the United States|first=Everett Hall|last=Pendleton|date=April 10, 1956|publisher=[South Orange? N.J.]|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
The island was described by Thomas Baillie in 1832 as "a narrow island...between which and Deer Island there is a narrow passage for boats...this island is settled, its soil good, the situation unobjectionable and its aspect favourable to agriculture.".<ref name =Baillie>{{cite book |last1=Baillie |first1=Thomas |title=An Account of the Province of New Brunswick |date=1832 |publisher=J. G. & F. Rivington |location=London |url=https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/cihm_21383/cihm_21383.pdf |access-date=16 February 2026}}</ref>
There is a geodetic triangulation station on a high bare hill on the northwestern part of the island.<ref>"Triangulation in Maine", U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918</ref>
In July 1877, an International Temperance Convention was held on Pendleton Island.<ref>Montreal Daily Witness July 12, 1877 • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, https://www.oldnews.com/en/record?lang=en&record_id=record-10835-48009595&page_id=1</ref>
In November 1893, Luther Lambert of Lord's Cove married Millie Pendleton at the home of her father, Ward Pendleton, on the island.<ref>{{Cite web | title=The Christian [Vol. 11, no. 1 (Nov. 1893)] | url=https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.8_06151_121/8}}</ref>
From at least 1910-1916, Calvin Pendleton and his wife Theresa Holland lived on the family including with their daughter Arlene.<ref>The Beacon : Vol. XXVII, No. 52 (June 24, 1916)</ref> thumb|An 1882 article on a shark being found in a Pendleton Island weir On Oct 31 1938, Blanchard Lambert drowned when his boat capsized off Pendleton's Island, and his body was recovered on Little Island.<ref>https://www.oldnews.com/en/record?lang=en&record_id=record-11035-412219</ref>
In 1938, Raymond Greenlaw was hired to work on the power lines from McMaster Island to Pendleton Island to Deer Island, and he spent the next four decades largely operating as Deer Island's only representative of NB Power.<ref name="tide">The Quoddy Tides 11 Dec 1970, :Dateline: Deer Island", Stirling Lambert</ref> He recounted the time a power line had gone down on Pendleton Island falling on three grazing cows "cooking them on the spot".<ref name="tide"/> thumb|A boat disembarking on Pendleton's Island The Pendleton family continued living on the island, across two homesteads raising crops and cattle until approximately 1935 when ownership was split between nearly 150 descendents of the deceased Ward Pendleton.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.country94.ca/2024/08/08/volunteers-wanted-to-beautify-pendleton-island/|title=Volunteers wanted to beautify Pendleton Island|first=Regis|last=Phillips}}</ref> The Nature Conservancy of Canada located 114 of the descendants who agreed to sign over their share of the island, as did Dr. Herb Mitton, leading to its establishment as a nature sanctuary and one of the Conservancy's largest properties.<ref name="CBC2006">{{cite news |title=Family donates New Brunswick island shoreline to charity |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/family-donates-new-brunswick-island-shoreline-to-charity-1.604778 |access-date=16 April 2025 |agency=CBC News New Brunswick |date=30 June 2006}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
In September 1947, two Eastport pilots Frank Bradish and Morton Berman swam to safety after their plane hit the power lines on Pendleton Island.<ref>The Windsor Daily Star Sep 15 1947 https://www.oldnews.com/en/record?lang=en&record_id=record-10835-49709643</ref>
A 1985 study confirmed the presence of an unnamed shipwreck in the northern cove of the island.<ref name="feast">Parks Canada, "West Isles Feasibility Study....a National Marine Park in the West Isles", December 1985. Figure 12.</ref>
==See also== * List of islands of New Brunswick
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{CharlotteNBIslands}} {{New Brunswick Islands}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pendleton Island}} Category:Coastal islands of New Brunswick Category:Communities in Charlotte County, New Brunswick Category:Nature Conservancy of Canada