Partulidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_ range = |image = Partula radiolata.png |image_caption = ''Partula radiolata'' |taxon = Partulidae |authority = Pilsbry, 1900 |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = |display_parents = 3 }}

'''Partulidae''' is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Partulidae Pilsbry, 1900. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=162663 on 2021-12-12</ref>

The family is endemic to Pacific islands.<ref name=animaldiversity>Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at http://animaldiversity.org. </ref><ref name=ITIS>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=76758 ITIS Standard Report Page: Partulidae]</ref><ref name=Icons>[http://www.islandbiodiversity.com/crampton.htm Gerlach, J. (2016) Icons of Evolution - Pacific island tree snails, family Partulidae. Phelsuma Press, Cambridge]</ref>

== Genera == The Partulidae are divided into five genera:<ref name="Icons"/><ref name=Cowie>Cowie, R.H. (1992). Evolution and Extinction of Partulidae, Endemic Pacific Island Land Snails. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Vol. 335, No. 1274 (Feb. 29, 1992), pp. 167-191.</ref>

* ''Eua'' has four species, confined to Tonga and Samoa. * ''Palaopartula'' Pilsbry, 1909- has three species, restricted to the Palau. * ''Partula'' Pilsbry, 1909 - has about 100 species, distributed from New Guinea to the Society Islands. * ''Samoana'' Pilsbry, 1909 - has about 23 species, distributed in Polynesia and the Mariana Islands. * ''Sphendone'' has a single species from the Palau.

This cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of genera in the family Partulidae:<ref name="Icons"/><ref>Lee T., Burch J. B., Coote T., Pearce-Kelly P., Hickman C., Meyer J.-Y. & Foighil D. O. (18 August 2009). "Moorean tree snail survival revisited: a multi-island genealogical perspective". ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' '''9''': 204. {{doi|10.1186/1471-2148-9-204|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{clade |label1=Partulidae |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Partula'' |2=''Samoana'' |3=''Palaopartula'' }} |4=''Eua'' |5=''Sphendone'' }} }}

==Synonyms== * ''Aega'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Samoana (Marquesana)'' Pilsbry, 1909 represented as ''Samoana'' Pilsbry, 1909 * ''Astraea'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Clytia'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Echo'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula (Leptopartula)'' Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Evadne'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Samoana'' Pilsbry, 1909 * ''Harmonia'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula (Marianella)'' Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of v * ''Helena'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Latia'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Samoana (Marquesana)'' Pilsbry, 1909 represented as ''Samoana'' Pilsbry, 1909 (unavailable; a junior homonym of Latia Gray, 1850 [Latiidae]) * ''Marianna'' Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of ''Partula (Marianella)'' Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Matata'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Nenia'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Oenone'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Pasithea'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821(junior synonym) * ''Rennellia'' Clench, 1941: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 (junior synonym) * ''Scilistylus'' Iredale, 1941: synonym of''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821 * ''Sterope'' Hartman, 1881: synonym of ''Partula (Melanesica)'' Pilsbry, 1909: synonym of ''Partula'' A. Férussac, 1821

==Anatomy== [[File:Partula gibba.png|thumb|upright|''Partula gibba'']] [[File:Partula langfordi.png|thumb|upright|''Partula langfordi'']] [[File:Samoana fragilis.png|thumb|upright|''Samoana fragilis'']] In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).<ref name="Barker">Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WlvX-9Wt0toC&hl The biology of terrestrial molluscs]''. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, {{ISBN|0-85199-318-4}}. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.</ref>

==Significance== The Partulidae represent a significant species radiation and were important in the development of modern evolutionary studies through the work of Henry Crampton in the early 20th century and later by Bryan Clarke, James Murray and Michael Johnson.

==Status== Most Partulidae species have declined since 1974 and a very large proportion are extinct. The main threat to their survival has been the introduction of the predatory snail ''Euglandina rosea''.<ref name="Icons"/>

==References== {{Reflist}} * Gerlach J. (2016). Icons of evolution: Pacific Island tree-snails of the family Partulidae. Phelsuma Press. {{ISBN|978-0-99322-033-3}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Partulidae}} * Partulidae evolution, diversity and conservation [http://islandbiodiversity.com/partulapages.htm Partula Pages] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25127200 Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1-2): 1-397]

Category:Partulidae Category:Taxa named by Henry Augustus Pilsbry