{{Short description|Species of butterfly}} {{Speciesbox | name = Lysander cattleheart | image = Cramer&Stoll-uitlandsche kapellen vol. 1- plate 029.jpg | image_caption = Plate accompanying the original description in Cramer and Stoll's ''Uitlandsche Kapellen'', ''P. lysander'' top left and bottom right | status = | taxon = Parides lysander | authority = (Cramer, 1775) | synonyms = *''Papilio lysander'' <small>Cramer, [1775]</small> *''Papilio euristeus'' <small>Cramer, 1775</small> *''Papilio arbates'' <small>Stoll, [1782]</small> *''Papilio meleander'' <small>Jablonsky, 1784</small> *''Papilio eurymas'' <small>Godart, 1819</small> *''Papilio anaximander'' <small>C. & R. Felder, 1865</small> *''Papilio lysander'' var. ''bari'' <small>Oberthür, 1879</small> *''Papilio horracki'' <small>Lathy, 1916</small> *''Papilio citrulli'' <small>Fabricius, 1938</small> *''Papilio scaevola'' <small>Fabricius, 1938</small> *''Papilio parsodes'' <small>Gray, [1853]</small> *''Papilio sonoria'' <small>Gray, [1853]</small> *''Priamides brissonius'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small> *''Papilio phrynichus'' <small>C. & R. Felder, 1864</small> *''Papilio lysander'' f. ''stramineus'' <small>Biedermann, 1938</small> *''Papilio lysander isanae'' <small>Rousseau-Decelle, 1943</small> *''Papilio lysander'' f. ''extensa'' <small>Rousseau-Decelle, 1943</small> *''Papilio lysander'' f. ''reducta'' <small>Rousseau-Decelle, 1943</small> *''Papilio lysander mattogrossensis'' <small>Talbot, 1928</small> *''Papilio lysander'' ab. ''antalcidas'' <small>Krüger, 1933</small> }}
'''''Parides lysander''''', the '''Lysander cattleheart''', is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm.
The larvae feed on ''Aristolochia'' species including ''A. huberiana'', ''A. sprucei'', ''A. littoralis'', ''A. ruiziana'', and ''A. leuconeura''.
thumb|left|Top left is ''P. lysander''
==Subspecies== *''P. l. lysander'' Guianas *''P. l. parsodes'' <small>(Gray, [1853])</small> Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. brissonius'' <small>(Hübner, [1819])</small> Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, S.Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) *''P. l. mattogrossensis'' <small>(Talbot, 1928)</small> Brazil (Mato Grosso) *''P. l. antalcidas'' <small>Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994</small> Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. orinocoensis'' <small>Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002</small> Colombia
==Description from Seitz==
{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}} P. lysander Cr. (= ''phrynichus'' Fldr.). Male with white scent-wool in the fold of the hindwing. Outer margin of the forewing in the female rounded; the last two red spots on the hindwing separated, standing obliquely one under the other; female-f. ''parsodes'' Gray (= ''sonoria'' Gray) has a large white area on the forewing, composed of several spots: in the female -f. ''arbates'' Stoll (= ''anaximenes'' Fldr.) the forewing has only one white spot; whilst in the female-f. ''brissonius'' Gray (5b) the forewing has no white spot at all. A male with yellow instead of red spots on the forewing has been described as ab. ''bari'' Oberth. — This species is known from the whole of the Amazon, East Peru and East Ecuador, as well as from the Guianas and Bogota; it has not hitherto been found in Bolivia nor in Brazil proper. It is a swamp species and flies heavily over the wettest places in the shade of the woods.<ref> Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . ''The Macrolepidoptera of the World''. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. {{PD-notice}}</ref>
==Description from Rothschild and Jordan (1906)==
A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)<ref>Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. ''Novitates Zoologicae'' 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/425/mode/1up online]</ref>
<gallery> File:CramerAndStoll-uitlandsche kapellen vol. 4- pl 386.jpg File:Macrolepidoptera15seit 0019.jpg File:NovaraExpZoologischeTheilLepidopteraAtlasTaf8.jpg File:Oberthur 1879EtudEnt4Plate 4.jpg </gallery>
==Taxonomy==
''Parides lysander'' is a member of the ''aeneas'' species group:<ref>Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers {{ISBN|9783937783277}} </ref>
The members are *''Parides aeneas'' *''Parides aglaope'' *''Parides burchellanus'' *''Parides echemon'' *''Parides eurimedes'' – mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, or true cattleheart *''Parides lysander'' *''Parides neophilus'' – spear-winged cattleheart *''Parides orellana'' *''Parides panthonus'' – panthonus cattleheart *''Parides tros'' *''Parides zacynthus''
==References== {{Commons category|Parides lysander}} {{Reflist}} *{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/7/mode/1up |year=1985 |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}} *Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' {{ISBN|0-245-52097-X}} Page 26, figure 14
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Category:Butterflies described in 1775 lysander Category:Swallowtail butterflies of South America Category:Taxa named by Pieter Cramer Category:Lepidoptera of Colombia Category:Lepidoptera of Brazil Category:Lepidoptera of Ecuador Category:Lepidoptera of Peru