Pachychilus

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{For|the orchid of Orchidaceae family|Pachystoma}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Pachychilus laevisimus 004.JPG |image_caption = Two shells of ''Pachychilus laevissimus'' |taxon = Pachychilus |authority = I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851<ref>Lea I. & Lea H. C. (1851). "Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species of the genus ''Melania'', chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his zoological voyage in the East, and now first described". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' '''18''': 179-197. [https://archive.org/stream/lietuvostsrmoksl50liet#page/n239/mode/2up 179].</ref> |type_species= ''Melania laevissima'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1824 |synonyms = * ''Cercimelania'' P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892 (invalid: unnecessary replacement name for Pachychilus) * ''Melania (Pachychilus)'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 * ''Oxymelania'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892 * ''Pachycheilus'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 (invalid: unjustified emendation of ''Pachychilus'') * ''Pachychilus (Glyptomelania)'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892· accepted, alternate representation * ''Pachychilus (Oxymelania)'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892· accepted, alternate representation * ''Pachychilus (Pachychilus)'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851· accepted, alternate representation * ''Pachychilus (Pilsbrychilus)'' J. P. E. Morrison, 1951 (junior synonym of Pachychilus) * ''Pachychilus (Potamanax)'' Pilsbry, 1893· accepted, alternate representation * ''Sphaeromelania'' Rovereto, 1899 (invalid: unnecessary replacement name for Pachychilus) |display_parents= 3 }}

'''''Pachychilus''''', common name the '''jute snails''',<ref>Healy P. F., Emery K. & Wright L. E. (1990). "Ancient and Modern Maya Exploitation of the Jute Snail (''Pachychilus'')". ''Latin American Antiquity'' '''1'''(2): 170-183. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/971986 JSTOR].</ref> is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

''Pachychilus'' is the type genus of the family Pachychilidae.<ref>{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref>

== Distribution == The distribution of species in the genus ''Pachychilus'' includes: * Cuba (2 species),<ref name="Vázquez 2010"/> Venezuela, Belize, Mexico, and others.

== Species == Species within the genus ''Pachychilus'' include: {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * † ''Pachychilus anagrammatus'' Dall, 1913 * ''Pachychilus apheles'' F. G. Thompson, 1967 * ''Pachychilus apis'' (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851) * ''Pachychilus atratus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * † ''Pachychilus caboblanquensis'' Weisbord, 1962 * † ''Pachychilus cancelloides'' (Aldrich, 1911) * † ''Pachychilus canoasensis'' Olsson, 1931 * ''Pachychilus chrysalis'' (Brot, 1872) * ''Pachychilus cinereus'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus conicus'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Pachychilus corpulentus'' F. G. Thompson, 1967 * ''Pachychilus corvinus'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus cumingii'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 * ''Pachychilus dalli'' Pilsbry, 1896 * † ''Pachychilus dimorphica'' (Woods, 1922) * ''Pachychilus explicatus'' P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892 * ''Pachychilus fuentesi'' Aguayo, 1936 * † ''Pachychilus fulvus'' Garvie, 2013 † * ''Pachychilus gassiesii'' (Reeve, 1860) * ''Pachychilus glaphyrus'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus godmanni'' (Tristram, 1863) * ''Pachychilus gracilis'' Tristram, 1864 * † ''Pachychilus gracillimus'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935) * ''Pachychilus graphium'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus hellerii'' (Brot, 1872) * ''Pachychilus hinkleyi'' (W. B. Marshall, 1920) * ''Pachychilus humerosus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * ''Pachychilus immanis'' (Morelet, 1851) * ''Pachychilus indiorum'' (Morelet, 1849) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=261598&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock] * ''Pachychilus intermedius'' (von dem Busch, 1844) * ''Pachychilus jansoni'' H. Adams, 1871 * ''Pachychilus lacustris'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus laevissimus'' (G.B. Sowerby I, 1824) * ''Pachychilus largillierti'' (Philippi, 1843) * ''Pachychilus larvatus'' (Brot, 1877) * ''Pachychilus liebmanni'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Pachychilus moctezumensis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * ''Pachychilus monachus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * ''Pachychilus nigratus'' (Poey, 1858) - endemic to Villa Clara, Cuba<ref name="Vázquez 2010">Vázquez A. A. & Perera S. (2010). "Endemic Freshwater molluscs of Cuba and their conservation status". ''Tropical Conservation Science'' '''3'''(2): 190-199. [http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v3/10-06-28_190-199_Perera&Valderrama.html HTM], [http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v3/10-06-28_190-199_Perera&Valderrama.pdf PDF].</ref> * ''Pachychilus obeliscus'' (Reeve, 1861) * ''Pachychilus oerstedii'' Mörch, 1861 * ''Pachychilus olssoni'' Pilsbry, 1950 * ''Pachychilus panucula'' (Morelet, 1851) * ''Pachychilus pasionensis'' Pilsbry, 1956 * ''Pachychilus pilsbryi'' E. von Martens, 1899 * ''Pachychilus planensis'' (I. Lea, 1858) * ''Pachychilus pleurotoma'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * ''Pachychilus pluristriatus'' (Say, 1831) * ''Pachychilus polygonatus'' (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851) * ''Pachychilus potomarchus'' Pilsbry, 1893 * ''Pachychilus pottsianus'' Hinkley, 1920 * ''Pachychilus pyramidalis'' (Morelet, 1849) * ''Pachychilus radix'' (Brot, 1872) * ''Pachychilus rasconensis'' Thiele, 1928 * ''Pachychilus rivorosai'' Pilsbry, 1893 * ''Pachychilus rubidus'' (I. Lea, 1857) * ''Pachychilus rusticulus'' (von dem Busch, 1858) * ''Pachychilus salvini'' (Tristram, 1863) * ''Pachychilus sargi'' (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1875) * † ''Pachychilus satillensis'' (Aldrich, 1911) * ''Pachychilus saussurei'' (Brot, 1860) * ''Pachychilus schiedeanus'' (Philippi, 1843) * ''Pachychilus schumoi'' Pilsbry, 1931 * ''Pachychilus subexaratus'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891 * ''Pachychilus subnodosus'' (Philippi, 1847) * ''Pachychilus suturalis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * † ''Pachychilus tarataranoides'' (O. Haas, 1942) * † ''Pachychilus terebriformis'' (J. Morris, 1859) * ''Pachychilus tristis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910 * ''Pachychilus turati'' (A. Villa & G. B. Villa, 1854) * ''Pachychilus vallesensis'' Hinkley, 1907 {{div col end}} subgenus ''Pachychiloides'' Wenz, 1939<ref>Wenz (1939). ''Handb. Paläozool.'' (4)'''6'''(1): 686.</ref> * † ''Pachychilus lawtoni'' Perrilliat, Vega, Espinosa & Naranjo-Garcia, 2008<ref>Perrilliat M. D. C., Vega F. J., Espinosa B. & Naranjo-Garcia E. (2008). "Late Cretaceous and Paleogene Freshwater Gastropods from Northeastern Mexico". ''Journal of Paleontology'' '''82'''(2): 255-266. {{doi|10.1666/06-062.1}}.</ref> - fossil from Northeastern Mexico ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Pachychilus aquatilis'' (Reeve, 1859): synonym of ''Doryssa aquatilis'' (Reeve, 1859) * ''Pachychilus drakei'' Arnold & Hannibal in Hannibal, 1912 †: synonym of ''Goniobasis drakei'' (Arnold & Hannibal in Hannibal, 1912) † (new combination) * ''Pachychilus glaphyra'' (Morelet, 1849): synonym of ''Pachychilus glaphyrus'' (Morelet, 1849) (incorrect gender of species epithet) * ''Pachychilus indifferens'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891: synonym of ''Pachychilus corvinus indifferens'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891 (unaccepted rank) * ''Pachychilus lawsoni'' Hannibal, 1912 †: synonym of ''Lymnaea lawsoni'' (Hannibal, 1912) † (new combination) * ''Pachychilus parvum'' I. Lea, 1857: synonym of ''Rehderiella parva'' (I. Lea, 1857) (original combination) * ''Pachychilus pila'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910: synonym of ''Amnipila pila'' (Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910) (original combination) * ''Pachychilus renovatus'' (Brot, 1862): synonym of ''Pachychilus cumingii'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 (replacement name for Pachychilus cumingii I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 as a secondary homonym) * ''Pachychilus reticancellata'' [sic] †: synonym of ''Pachychilus recticancellata'' (Kobayashi & Suzuki, 1939) † (incorrect subsequent spelling) * ''Pachychilus suavis'' Dall, 1913 †: synonym of ''Goniobasis suavis'' (Dall, 1913) † * ''Pachychilus tristrami'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892: synonym of ''Pachychilus gracilis'' Tristram, 1864 (invalid: unnecessary replacement name for ''Pachychilus gracilis'') * ''Pachychilus violaceus'' (Preston, 1911) - endemic to the area from Santiago de Cuba to Baracoa, Cuba:<ref name="Vázquez 2010"/> synonym of ''Pachychilus nigratus'' (Poey, 1858) (junior synonym) * ''Pachychilus vulneratus'' P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892: synonym of ''Pachychilus chrysalis'' (Brot, 1872) (junior synonym)

== Human use == One of the Maya peoples, the Lacandon people, now Mexico's native peoples from state Chiapas, use Pachychilus indiorum, known locally as "t’unu", as a type of protein supplement to their diet when animal protein is unavailable.<ref name="na2">Nations J. D. (1979). ''Snail Shells and Maize Preparation: A Lacandon Maya Analogy''. American Antiquity 44.3: 568-571.</ref> In addition, the shells from this "chuti" snail have great nutritional value, as they provide calcium and slaked lime when burnt. They are often preferred as a lime source over local limestone or other freshwater snail species for their purity as an alkali. The slaked lime is added to maize during the process of making maize dough for tortillas, pozole, and other foods. Slaked lime allows the release of amino acids such as tryptophan and lysine and the vitamin niacin, which would otherwise be unavailable from the maize (unable to be metabolized) if the lime were not added.<ref name="na2" />

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12858889 Lea, I.; Lea, H. C. (1851). Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species of the genus Melania, chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his zoological voyage in the East, and now first described. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 18: 179-197] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1657202 Pilsbry, H. A. (1893). Notes on a collection of shells from the State of Tabasco, Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 44: 338-341, pl. 14] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32561855 Fischer, P. & Crosse, H. (1870-1902). Études sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Mexique et du Guatemala. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7 Volume 1: 702 pp., pls 1-31; volume 2: 731 pp., pls 32-72. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. Published in 17 livraisons]

Category:Pachychilus Category:Taxa named by Isaac Lea Category:Gastropod genera