{{Short description|Cancer cell line panel}} The '''NCI-60''' cancer cell line panel is a group of 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of compounds to detect potential anticancer activity.<ref name=cell_list> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/cell_list.htm |title= Cell Lines in the In Vitro Screen |date= 8 May 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref>
== Purpose ==
The screening procedure is called the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines Screen, and it is one of the Discovery & Development Services of NCI's Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP).<ref name=screen> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/default.htm |title= NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines Screen |date= 26 August 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref><ref name=services> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/default.htm |title= Discovery & Development Services |date= 26 August 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref><ref name=program> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/ |title= Welcome to the Developmental Therapeutics Program |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref> The screening rates for each cell line the cytostatic and cytotoxic impact of tested substances.<ref name=screen />
Due to the diversity of the cell lines, it is possible to compare tested compounds by their effect patterns, high correlation potentially corresponding to similar effect mechanisms.<ref name=screen /> An automated comparison against a database of more than 88,000 pure compounds and more than 34,000 crude extracts ({{as of|2017|01|06|lc=y}}) is provided by the COMPARE tool, which shows a list of substances ranked by the Pearson correlation coefficients for a given test substance.<ref name=compare> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/databases_tools/compare.htm |title= COMPARE Analysis |date= 11 August 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref>
The same panel is used in the Molecular Target Program for the characterization of molecular targets. Measurements include protein levels, RNA measurements, mutation status and enzyme activity levels.<ref name=targets> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/databases_tools/molecular_target/default.htm |title= Molecular Targets |date= 12 May 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 7 January 2018 }} </ref>
== Cell Lines ==
The panel holds cell lines representing leukemia, melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and cancers of the brain, ovary, breast, colon, kidney, and prostate.<ref name=cell_list /><ref name=screen />
13 additional cell lines are evaluated for use in the screening program, among them two lines deriving from so far not represented small-cell lung carcinoma.<ref name=cell_list />
All cell lines but one ({{as of|2017|01|06|lc=y}}) are available to other laboratories, including the additional cell lines.<ref name=cell_list />
== Misidentification and Misclassification ==
Starting around the turn of the millennium, several cell lines were found to be misidentified or misclassified at the time of investigation or earlier:<ref name=mda-mb-435> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/mda-mb-435.htm |title= MDA-MB-435, and its derivation MDA-N, are Melanoma cell lines, not breast cancer cell lines. |date= 8 May 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref><ref name=nci-adrres> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/nci-adrres.htm |title= Cell Line NCI/ADR-RES is an Ovarian tumor cell line, not a Breast line. |date= 8 May 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref><ref name=u251_snb-19> {{cite web |url= https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/u251_snb-19.htm |title= CNS cell lines SNB-19 and U251 are derived from the same individual. |date= 8 May 2015 |website= Developmental Therapeutics Program |publisher= National Cancer Institute |access-date= 6 January 2018 }} </ref>
MDA-MB-435, originally classified as breast cancer cell line, was identified as being a melanoma cell line.<ref name=mda-mb-435 /> When investigated further, current MDA-MB-435 appeared to be derived from the same individual as cell line M14.<ref name=mda-mb-435 /> An examination of clones made clear that the mixup with M14 happened very early in the history of MDA-MB-435, before establishment in the Developmental Therapeutics Program.<ref name=mda-mb-435 />
NCI/ADR-RES, originally classified as breast cancer cell line, was identified as being an ovarian tumor cell line.<ref name=nci-adrres /> NCI/ADR-RES appears to have been derived at some point in time from cell line OVCAR-8.<ref name=nci-adrres /> Originally the cell line was named MCF-7/ADR-RES; it was renamed together with the change in classification.<ref name=nci-adrres />
Two brain cancer cell lines, SNB-19 and U251, were discovered to come from the same person.<ref name=u251_snb-19 /> This makes a mixup likely.
A 61st cell line, MDA-N, has been confirmed to being derived from the misclassified MDA-MB-435 cell line.<ref name=mda-mb-435 /> So it is also misclassified, really being a melanoma cell line, but {{as of|2018|01|06|lc=y}} the official website still lists it as breast cancer cell line.<ref name=cell_list /> This cell line is not available {{as of|2018|01|06|lc=y}}.<ref name=cell_list />
The International Cell Line Authentication Committee maintains a list of contaminated cell lines.<ref name=contaminated_list> {{Citation | date = 1 December 2016 | title = Database of Cross-Contaminated or Misidentified Cell Lines | publisher = International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) | url = http://iclac.org/wp-content/uploads/Cross-Contaminations-v8_0.pdf | version = 8.0 | accessdate = 6 January 2018 }} </ref> It includes the cell lines reported above, although usually with reporting dates and articles considerably later than the first dates and articles rising specific concern regarding the respective cell line.<ref name=contaminated_list /><ref name=mda-mb-435 /><ref name=nci-adrres /><ref name=u251_snb-19 />
=== Continued Use of Wrong Classification ===
{{as of|2014}}, hundreds of research studies still use MDA-MB-435 as a model of breast cancer, even after it was officially declared to be a melanoma cell line in 2007, and even in highest-rated international peer-reviewed journals.<ref name=continued_use> {{cite journal | last1 = Prasad | first1 = Vidudala VTS | last2 = Gopalan | first2 = Ramprasad OG | date = 2 June 2015 | title = Continued use of MDA-MB-435, a melanoma cell line, as a model for human breast cancer, even in year, 2014 | journal = npj Breast Cancer | volume = 1 | pages = 15002– | doi = 10.1038/npjbcancer.2015.2 | pmid = 28721362 | pmc= 5515196 }} </ref> Similar is true for other misidentified cell lines.<ref name=continued_use />
== List of NCI-60 Cell Lines ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ The NCI-60 cell lines used by NCI's Human Tumor Cell Lines Screen as described on the website of the Developmental Therapeutics Program.<ref name=cell_list /><ref name=nci60search> {{cite web |url= https://www.cellosaurus.org/search?input=%22NCI60%20cancer%20cell%20line%20panel%22 |title= Cellosaurus search result: 61 hits for "NCI60 cancer cell line panel" |website= Cellosaurus |publisher= Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |access-date= 7 January 2018 }} The reference includes the list of linked pages in the search result. </ref> Links to corresponding Cellosaurus descriptions and Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) have been added.<ref name=nci60search /> The Cellosaurus identifier is a combination of the cell line name variant chosen by Cellosaurus, with the Cellosaurus accession ID, the latter written as RRID. |- ! Cell line !! Tumor classification !! (Potentially) misidentified !! Original classification !! Unavailable !! Doubling Time (Hours) !! Inoculation Density !! Cellosaurus identifier and link |- id = "CCRF-CEM" | CCRF-CEM || Leukemia || || || || 26.7 || 40000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0207 CCRF-CEM (RRID:CVCL_0207)] |- id = "HL-60(TB)" | HL-60(TB) || Leukemia || || || || 28.6 || 40000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_A794 HL-60(TB) (RRID:CVCL_A794)] |- | K-562 || Leukemia || || || || 19.6 || 5000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0004 K-562 (RRID:CVCL_0004)] |- id = "MOLT-4" | MOLT-4 || Leukemia || || || || 27.9 || 30000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0013 MOLT-4 (RRID:CVCL_0013)] |- id = "RPMI-8226" | RPMI-8226 || Leukemia || || || || 33.5 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0014 RPMI-8226 (RRID:CVCL_0014)] |- id = "SR-786" | SR-786 || Leukemia || || || || 28.7 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1711 SR (RRID:CVCL_1711)] |- | A549 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 22.9 || 7500 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0023 A-549 (RRID:CVCL_0023)] |- id = "EKVX" | EKVX || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 43.6 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1195 EKVX (RRID:CVCL_1195)] |- id = "HOP-62" | HOP-62 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 39 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1285 HOP-62 (RRID:CVCL_1285)] |- id ="HOP-92" | HOP-92 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 79.5 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1286 HOP-92 (RRID:CVCL_1286)] |- id = "NCI-H226" | NCI-H226 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 61 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1544 NCI-H226 (RRID:CVCL_1544)] |- id = "NCI-H23" | NCI-H23 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 33.4 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1547 NCI-H23 (RRID:CVCL_1547)] |- id = "NCI-H322M" | NCI-H322M || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 35.3 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1557 NCI-H322M (RRID:CVCL_1557)] |- id = "NCI-H460" | NCI-H460 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 17.8 || 7500 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0459 NCI-H460 (RRID:CVCL_0459)] |- id = "NCI-H522" | NCI-H522 || Non-Small Cell Lung || || || || 38.2 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1567 NCI-H522 (RRID:CVCL_1567)] |- id = "COLO 205" | COLO 205 || Colon || || || || 23.8 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0218 COLO 205 (RRID:CVCL_0218)] |- id = "HCC-2998" | HCC-2998 || Colon || || || || 31.5 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1266 HCC2998 (RRID:CVCL_1266)] |- | HCT116 || Colon || || || || 17.4 || 5000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0291 HCT 116 (RRID:CVCL_0291)] |- | HCT-15 || Colon || || || || 20.6 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0292 HCT 15 (RRID:CVCL_0292)] |- | HT-29 || Colon || || || || 19.5 || 5000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0320 HT-29 (RRID:CVCL_0320)] |- id = "KM12" | KM12 || Colon || || || || 23.7 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1331 KM12 (RRID:CVCL_1331)] |- id = "SW-620" | SW-620 || Colon || || || || 20.4 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0547 SW620 (RRID:CVCL_0547)] |- id = "SF-268" | SF-268 || CNS || || || || 33.1 || 15000 || [https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1689 SF268 (RRID:CVCL_1689)] |- id = "SF-295" | SF-295 || CNS || || || || 29.5 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1690 SF295 (RRID:CVCL_1690)] |- id = "SF-539" | SF-539 || CNS || || || || 35.4 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1691 SF539 (RRID:CVCL_1691)] |- id = "SNB-19" | SNB-19 || CNS || yes || CNS || || 34.6 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0535 SNB-19 (RRID:CVCL_0535)] |- id = "SNB-75" | SNB-75 || CNS || || || || 62.8 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1706 SNB-75 (RRID:CVCL_1706)] |- id = "U251" | U251 || CNS || yes || CNS || || 23.8 || 7500 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0021 U-251MG (RRID:CVCL_0021)] |- id = "LOX IMVI" | LOX IMVI || Melanoma || || || || 20.5 || 7500 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1381 LOX-IMVI (RRID:CVCL_1381)] |- id ="MALME-3M" | MALME-3M || Melanoma || || || || 46.2 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1438 Malme-3M (RRID:CVCL_1438)] |- id = "M14" | M14 || Melanoma || || || || 26.3 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1395 M14 (RRID:CVCL_1395)] |- id = "MDA-MB-435" | MDA-MB-435 || Melanoma || yes || Breast || || 25.8 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0417 MDA-MB-435 (RRID:CVCL_0417)] |- id = "SK-MEL-2" | SK-MEL-2 || Melanoma || || || || 45.5 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0069 SK-MEL-2 (RRID:CVCL_0069)] |- id = "SK-MEL-28" | SK-MEL-28 || Melanoma || || || || 35.1 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0526 SK-MEL-28 (RRID:CVCL_0526)] |- id = "SK-MEL-5" | SK-MEL-5 || Melanoma || || || || 25.2 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0527 SK-MEL-5 (RRID:CVCL_0527)] |- id = "UACC-257" | UACC-257 || Melanoma || || || || 38.5 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1779 UACC-257 (RRID:CVCL_1779)] |- id = "UACC-62" | UACC-62 || Melanoma || || || || 31.3 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1780 UACC-62 (RRID:CVCL_1780)] |- id = "IGROV-1" | IGROV-1 || Ovarian || || || || 31 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1304 IGROV-1 (RRID:CVCL_1304)] |- id = "OVCAR-3" | OVCAR-3 || Ovarian || || || || 34.7 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0465 OVCAR-3 (RRID:CVCL_0465)] |- id = "OVCAR-4" | OVCAR-4 || Ovarian || || || || 41.4 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1627 OVCAR-4 (RRID:CVCL_1627)] |- id = "OVCAR-5" | OVCAR-5 || Ovarian || || || || 48.8 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1628 OVCAR-5 (RRID:CVCL_1628)] |- id = "OVCAR-8" | OVCAR-8 || Ovarian || || || || 26.1 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1629 OVCAR-8 (RRID:CVCL_1629)] |- id = "NCI/ADR-RES" | {{anchor|MCF-7/ADR-RES}}NCI/ADR-RES (originally MCF-7/ADR-RES)|| Ovarian || yes || Breast || || 34 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1452 NCI-ADR-RES (RRID:CVCL_1452)] |- | SK-OV-3 || Ovarian || || || || 48.7 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0532 SK-OV-3 (RRID:CVCL_0532)] |- id = "786-O" | 786-O || Renal || || || || 22.4 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1051 786-O (RRID:CVCL_1051)] |- id = "A498" | A498 || Renal || || || || 66.8 || 25000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1056 A-498 (RRID:CVCL_1056)] |- id = "ACHN" | ACHN || Renal || || || || 27.5 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1067 ACHN (RRID:CVCL_1067)] |- id = "CAKI-1" | CAKI-1 || Renal || || || || 39 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0234 Caki-1 (RRID:CVCL_0234)] |- id = "RFX 393" | RXF 393 || Renal || || || || 62.9 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1673 RXF 393L (RRID:CVCL_1673)] |- id = "SN12C" | SN12C || Renal || || || || 29.5 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1705 SN12C (RRID:CVCL_1705)] |- id ="TK-10" | TK-10 || Renal || || || || 51.3 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1773 TK-10 (RRID:CVCL_1773)] |- id "UO-31" | UO-31 || Renal || || || || 41.7 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1911 UO-31 (RRID:CVCL_1911)] |- | PC-3 || Prostate || || || || 27.1 || 7500 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0035 PC-3 (RRID:CVCL_0035)] |- | DU-145 || Prostate || || || || 32.3 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0105 DU145 (RRID:CVCL_0105)] |- | MCF7 || Breast || || || || 25.4 || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0031 MCF-7 (RRID:CVCL_0031)] |- | MDA-MB-231 || Breast || || || || 41.9 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0062 MDA-MB-231 (RRID:CVCL_0062)] |- |MDA-MB-468 |Breast | | | |62 |2000 |[https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0419 MDA-MB-468 (RRID:CVCL_0419)] |- |HS 578T |Breast | | | |53.8 |20000 |[https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0332 Hs 578T (RRID:CVCL_0332)] |- | MDA-N || Melanoma || yes || Breast || unavailable || 22.5 || 15000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1910 MDA-N (RRID:CVCL_1910)] |- | BT-549 || Breast || || || || 53.9 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1092 BT-549 (RRID:CVCL_1092)] |- | T-47D || Breast || || || || 45.5 || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0553 T-47D (RRID:CVCL_0553)] |}
== List of Additional Cell Lines ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Additional cell lines evaluated for use in NCI's Tumor Cell Lines Screen as described on the website of the Developmental Therapeutics Program.<ref name=cell_list /> Links to corresponding Cellosaurus descriptions and Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) have been added, as well as the species.<ref name=cellosaurus> {{cite web |url= https://www.cellosaurus.org/ |title= Cellosaurus - a knowledge resource on cell lines |website= Cellosaurus |publisher= Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |access-date= 17 January 2018 }} The reference includes the pages found by searching with the respective cell line names as given in the List of Additional Cell Lines. </ref> |- ! Cell line !! Tumor classification !! Species !! Inoculation Density !! Cellosaurus identifier and link |- | LXFL 529 || Non-Small Cell Lung || human || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_D085 LXFL 529L (RRID:CVCL_D085)] |- | DMS 114 || Small Cell Lung || human ||20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1174 DMS 114 (RRID:CVCL_1174)] |- | SHP-77 || Small Cell Lung || human || 40000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1693 SHP-77 (RRID:CVCL_1693)] |- | DLD-1 || Colon || human || 50000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0248 DLD-1 (RRID:CVCL_0248)] |- | KM20L2 || Colon || human || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_D889 KM20L2 (RRID:CVCL_D889)] |- | SNB-78 || CNS || human || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_B321 SNB-78 (RRID:CVCL_B321)] |- | XF 498 || CNS || human || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_8928 XF 498 (RRID:CVCL_8928)] |- id = "RPMI-7951" | RPMI-7951 || Melanoma || human || 20000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_1666 RPMI-7951 (RRID:CVCL_1666)] |- | M19-MEL || Melanoma || human || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_B415 M19-MEL (RRID:CVCL_B415)] |- | RXF-631 || Renal || human || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_A780 RXF 631L (RRID:CVCL_A780)] |- | SN12K1 || Renal || human || 10000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_D106 SN12K1 (RRID:CVCL_D106)] |- id = "P388" | P388 || Leukemia || mouse || 50000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_7222 P388 (RRID:CVCL_7222)] |- | P388/ADR || Leukemia || mouse || 50000 || [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_IZ75 P388/ADR (RRID:CVCL_IZ75)] |}
== References ==
{{reflist}} Category:Cancer cell lines * Category:Ovarian cancer