{{Short description|City, capital of Greece, in Europe}} <!--... Attention: THIS IS AN OUTLINE
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== General reference == * Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|θ|ᵻ|n|z}} {{respell|ATH|inz}}; {{langx|el|Αθήνα|Athína}} {{IPA|el|aˈθina||el-Αθήνα.ogg}}; {{langx|grc|Ἀθῆναι|Athênai}} {{IPA|grc|atʰɛ̂ːnai̯|}} * Common English name(s): Athens * Official English name(s): Athens * Adjectival(s): Athenian * Demonym(s): Athenian
== Geography of Athens ==
Geography of Athens * Athens is: ** a city *** capital of Attica *** capital of Greece *** primate city of Greece * Population of Athens: ** 637,798 (city proper and municipality) ** 3,090,508 (urban area) * Area of Athens: ** 38.964 km<sup>2</sup> (15.044 sq mi) (city proper and municipality) ** 412 km<sup>2</sup> (159 sq mi) (urban area) * Atlas of Athens * Topography of Athens
=== Location of Athens === {{Infobox settlement |name = Athens |native_name = Αθήνα |settlement_type = |image_skyline = |image_caption = | pushpin_map = Greece | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Greece |coordinates = {{coord|37|59|02.3|N|23|43|40.1|E|display=inline}} | pushpin_relief =yes }}
* Athens is situated within the following regions: ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere *** Eurasia **** Europe (outline) ***** Southern Europe ****** Balkan peninsula ******* Greece (outline) ******** Central Greece ********* Attica ********** Central Athens *********** Municipality of Athens * Time zones: ** Eastern European Time (UTC+02) ** Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03)
=== Environment of Athens === [[File:Panorama von Athen mit Likavitos - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Mount Lycabettus]] [[File:Acropolis from Areopagus.jpg|thumb|The Acropolis of Athens, a World Heritage Site, as seen from the Areopagus]]
==== Natural geographic features of Athens ====
* Hills in Athens ** Areopagus ** Mount Lycabettus ** Pnyx ** Skouze Hill ** Strefi Hill * Rivers in Athens ** Cephissus ** Ilisos * World Heritage Sites in Athens ** Acropolis of Athens ** Daphni Monastery
=== Areas surrounding Athens ===
==== Municipality of Athens ==== Municipality of Athens
=== Areas of Athens ===
==== Neighborhoods in municipality of Athens ==== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-4}} * Aerides * Agios Eleftherios * Agios Panteleimonas * Akadimia * Akadimia Platonos * Acropolis * Ampelokipi * Anafiotika * Ano Petralona * Asyrmatos * Asteroskopeio * Attiki * Eleonas * Ellinoroson * Erythros Stavros {{Col-4}} * Exarcheia * Gazi * Girokomeio * Gyzi * Goudi * Gouva * Ilisia * Kallimarmaro * Kato Petralona * Keramikos * Kolokynthou * Kolonaki * Kolonos * Koukaki * Kountouriotika {{Col-4}} * Kypriadou * Kypseli * Kynosargous * Makrygianni * Metaxourgeio * Mets * Monastiraki * Nea Filothei * Neapoli * Neos Kosmos * Omonoia * Pangrati * Patisia * Pedion tou Areos * Petralona {{Col-4}} * Philopappou * Plaka * Polygono * Probonas * Profitis Daniil * Profitis Ilias * Psyri * Rizoupoli * Rouf * Sepolia * Syntagma * Thiseio * Thymarakia * Treis Gefyres * Votanikos {{Col-end}}
==== Athens Metropolitan Area ==== thumb|View of Athens Athens Metropolitan Area * Central Athens * North Athens * South Athens * West Athens * Piraeus * East Attica * West Attica
[[File:Athens from the airplane (9454538556).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the Athens urban area and the Saronic Gulf]]
==== Athens Urban Area ==== Athens Urban Area * North Athens * Central Athens * South Athens * West Athens * Piraeus * Part of East Attica * Part of West attica
=== Locations in Athens === [[File:The Acropolis of Athens viewed from the Hill of the Muses (14220794964).jpg|thumb|The Acropolis of Athens as seen from the Hill of the Muses]] [[File:Tower of the Winds - panoramio - Robert Freeman (1).jpg|thumb|Remains of the Roman Agora built in Athens during the Roman period]] [[File:Stoa of Attalus - View of the building.jpg|thumb|The Stoa of Attalos]] [[File:Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg|thumb|The Erechtheion]] [[File:The Parthenon in Athens.jpg|thumb|The Parthenon]] [[File:Temple of Olympian Zeus Athens Greece 8.jpg|thumb|Temple of Olympian Zeus]] [[File:Temple of Hephaestus and Athena, built in 449 BC, Athens (14057398376).jpg|thumb|The Temple of Hephaestus]] [[File:Athen Akropolis (18512008726).jpg|thumb|Theatre of Dionysus]] [[File:Athens Academy of the Arts, Athens, Greece.jpg|thumb|The Zappeion, a Conference and Exhibition Centre in Neoclassical style]] [[File:Греческие гвардейцы Эвзоны - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Evzone guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] [[File:Universität von Athen.jpg|thumb|The National Archaeological Museum]] [[File:Detail main facade Building of Parliament of Greece Athens.jpg|thumb|The Old Royal Palace]]
* Tourist attractions ** Museums in Athens ** Shopping areas and markets
==== Ancient monuments in Athens ====
* Acropolis * Altar of the Twelve Gods * Altar of Zeus Agoraios * Ancient Agora * Areopagus * Aristotle's Lyceum * Dipylon * Hadrian's Library * Monument of Lysicrates * Philopappos Monument * Platonic Academy * Remains of the Acharnian Road, Acharnian Gate and Cemetery Site * Remains of the Long Walls * Roman Agora **East Propylon **Gate of Athena Archegetis ** Tower of the Winds * Sacred Gate * Stoa of Attalos * Themistoclean Walls * Ancient temples in Athens ** Erechtheion ** Parthenon ***Older Parthenon ** Temple of Apollo Patroos ** Temple of Ares ** Temple of Athena Nike ** Temple of Hephaestus ** Temple of Olympian Zeus * Ancient theatres ** Odeon of Herodes Atticus ** Theatre of Dionysus * Ancient triumphal arches in Athens ** Arch of Hadrian
==== Churches in Athens ====
* Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite * Church of Saint Panteleimon of Acharnai * Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens * Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens
==== Cultural and exhibition centers in Athens ====
* Athinais Cultural Center * City of Athens Cultural Center * Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center * Zappeion
==== Monuments and memorials in Athens ====
* Choragic Monument of Lysicrates * Monument of the Eponymous Heroes * Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
==== Museums in Athens ====
* Acropolis Museum – opened in 2009, and replacing the old museum on the Acropolis, this museum has proved considerably popular; almost one million people visited during the summer period June–October 2009 alone. A number of smaller and privately owned museums focused on Greek culture and arts are also to be found. * Benaki Museum – with a branch for each of its collections including ancient, Byzantine, Ottoman-era, and Chinese art and beyond * Byzantine and Christian Museum – one of the most important museums of Byzantine art * Epigraphical Museum * Goulandris Museum of Contemporary Art * Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art * Jewish Museum of Greece – its collection describes the history and culture of the Greek Jewish community. * Kerameikos Archaeological Museum – displays artifacts from the burial site of Kerameikos. Much of the pottery and other artifacts relate to Athenian attitudes towards death and the afterlife, throughout many ages. * Municipal Gallery of Athens * Museum of Cycladic Art – home to an extensive collection of Cycladic art, including its famous figurines of white marble * Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments * Museum of the City of Athens * National Archaeological Museum – largest archaeological museum in the country, and one of the most important internationally. It contains a vast collection of antiquities, with artifacts covering a period of more than 5,000 years, from late Neolithic Age to Roman Greece. * National Gallery * National Historical Museum * National Museum of Contemporary Art * Numismatic Museum – houses a major collection of ancient and modern coins * Syntagma Metro Station Archaeological Collection * Athens War Museum
==== Palaces and villas in Athens ====
* Old Royal Palace * Presidential Mansion * Stathatos Mansion
==== Parks and gardens in Athens ====
* Attica Zoological Park * Hellenikon Metropolitan Park * National Gardens * Pedion tou Areos
==== Public squares in Athens ====
* Avdi Square * Kolonaki Square * Kotzia Square * Monastiraki * Omonoia Square * Syntagma
==== Streets of Athens ====
Streets in Athens * Dionysiou Areopagitou Street * Ermou Street * Kifisias Avenue * Panepistimiou Street * Vasilissis Sofias Avenue * Vouliagmenis Avenue
=== Demographics of Athens ===
== Government and politics of Athens == [[File:Evzones at Changing of the Guard, Syntagma Square, Athens.JPG|thumb|Evzones of the Presidential Guard wearing the traditional full dress uniform]]
Administration of Athens * Mayor of Athens
=== Law and order in Athens === * Hellenic Police * Presidential Guard
=== Military in Athens === *
== History of Athens ==
=== History of Athens, by period or event ===
Timeline of Athens * Athens during the Greek Dark Ages (c. 900 BC) * Athens during the Archaic period (c. 800–480 BC) ** Rise of the polis * Solonian Constitution (594 BC) [[File:Pericles Pio-Clementino Inv269 n2.jpg|thumb|Pericles, prominent Greek statesman, orator and general during the Golden Age of Athens]] * Classical Athens during the Classical period (508–322 BC) ** Rise to power (508–448 BC) *** Fifth-century Athens **** Athenian democracy ***** Greco-Persian Wars (499–449 BC) ***** First Peloponnesian War (460–445 BC) ***** Athenian hegemony (448–430 BC) – the peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. ***** Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) ***** Plague of Athens (430 BC) ***** Athenian democracy was briefly overthrown by the coup of 411 BC. ** Corinthian War (395–387 BC) ** Athens under Macedon (355–322 BC) * Hellenistic Athens during the Hellenistic period (323 BC–146 BC) * Roman Athens (146 BC–330 AD) – following the Battle of Corinth (146 BC), Greece was absorbed into the Roman Republic as part of the Achaea Province, concluding 200 years of Macedonian supremacy. Under Rome, Athens was given the status of a free city. * Byzantine Athens * Latin Athens ** Duchy of Athens (1204–1458) * Ottoman Athens ** Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) Independence from the Ottomans * Modern Athens ** Athens during the Greek Kingdom (1832–1924, 1935–1973) *** Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935) * Athens during World War II ** Axis occupation of Greece ** Greek Resistance ** Dekemvriana * Athens today
=== History of Athens, by subject === * Battle of Athens (1941) * Siege of the Acropolis (1821–22) * Siege of the Acropolis (1826–27)
== Culture of Athens == [[File:Athens academy.jpg|thumb|The Academy of Athens]] [[File:Griechische Nationalbibliothek (Zuschnitt).jpg|thumb|The National Library of Greece]] Culture of Athens [[File:Roilos-georgios-poets-parnassos-literary-club.jpg|thumb|Parnassos Literary Society. From left: Georgios Stratigis, Georgios Drossinis, Ioannis Polemis, Kostis Palamas at the center, Georgios Souris and Aristomenis Provelengios, poets of the New Athenian School. Painting by Georgios Roilos]] [[File:Georg Macco Akropolis.jpg|thumb|''View of the Acropolis'' by Georg Macco, 1933]]
=== Arts in Athens ===
==== Architecture of Athens ====
Neoclassical architecture in Athens
*{{Interlanguage link|Athener Trilogie|de}} (Athenian Neoclassical Trilogy) ** Academy of Athens ** National Library of Greece ** University of Athens
Modern architecture in Athens * Landscaping of the Acropolis of Athens * Tallest buildings in Athens **Athens Towers
==== Literature of Athens ====
* First Athenian School * New Athenian School
==== Music of Athens ====
Music of Athens * Athens Concert Hall * Athens Conservatoire * National Conservatoire
==== Theatre of Athens ==== Theatre in Athens *National Theatre of Greece ** National Theatre of Greece Drama School
==== Visual arts of Athens ==== Athens in art / Paintings of Athens [[File:Tzatziki meze or appetizer, also used as a sauce.jpg|thumb|Tzatziki, a popular meze in Greece]] Modern Greek art
Events in Athens *Athens Festival *Athens International Motor Show
Media in Athens * Newspapers in Athens **''Ta Nea'' **''To Vima'' * Radio in Athens * Television in Athens People from Athens *Athenians Project
=== Religion in Athens === [[File:Μητρόπολη Αθηνών 4210.jpg|thumb|The Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens]] * Catholicism in Athens **Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Athens * Greek Orthodoxy in Athens ** Archbishopric of Athens *** Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens * Islam in Athens ** Votanikos Mosque
=== Sports in Athens === [[File:Olympic flame at opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|Opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athen's Olympic Stadium]] [[File:Kallimarmaron NW.JPG|thumb|Panathenaic Stadium]]
Sports in Athens * Basketball in Athens ** AEK B.C. ** Acropolis International Basketball Tournament * Football in Athens ** Athens Football Clubs Association *** AEK Athens F.C. *** A.O. Nea Ionia F.C. *** Apollon Smyrnis F.C. *** Atromitos F.C. *** Panathinaikos F.C. * Rugby football in Athens ** Athens RFC ** Attica Springboks RFC * Olympics in Athens ** Hellenic Olympic Committee ** 1896 Summer Olympics ** 2004 Summer Olympics * Running in Athens ** Athens Classic Marathon ** Athens International Ultramarathon Festival * Sports venues in Athens ** Athens Olympic Sports Complex ** Goudi Olympic Complex ** Hellinikon Olympic Complex ** Panathenaic Stadium
== Economy and infrastructure of Athens == [[File:Μέγαρο Γεωργίου Στράτου - Εθνική Τράπεζα 1249.jpg|thumb|National Bank of Greece headquarters in Athens]]
Economy of Athens * Financial services in Athens **National Bank of Greece ** Athens Stock Exchange *** Companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange * Hotels in Athens **Hilton Athens **Hotel Grande Bretagne **President Hotel Athens * Restaurants in Athens ** *Tourism in Athens
=== Transportation in Athens === [[File:Syntagma Metro Station 3.jpg|thumb|The Syntagma Metro Station Archaeological Collection]] [[File:3ης γενιάς συρμός Μετρό Αθήνας 1252.jpg|thumb|Metro train at Omonia metro station]] [[File:20090801 athina24.jpg|thumb|Stadiou Street]] Transportation in Athens * Public transport in Athens ** Transport for Athens * Air transport in Athens ** Airports in Athens *** Athens International Airport
==== Rail transport in Athens ====
Rail transport in Athens * Commuter rail ** Athens Railway Station ***Expansion of the Athens Railway Station * 20px|Athens Metro|link=Athens Metro Athens Metro ** 20px|link=Line 1 (Athens Metro) ** 20px|link=Line 2 (Athens Metro) ** 20px|link=Line 3 (Athens Metro) ** 20px|link=Line 4 (Athens Metro) *** List of Athens Metro stations * Trams in Athens ** Athens Tram *** Trams in Athens
==== Road transport in Athens ====
Road transport in Athens * Bus transport in Athens * Highways in Athens ** Motorways in Athens *** A1 motorway (E75) – connects Athens to Lamia, Larissa, and Thessaloniki *** A6 motorway (E94) – connects Athens eastward to Athens International Airport, and westward to Elefsina, Corinth, and Patras (via the A8 motorway) *** A62 motorway – the Hymettus Ring Road that runs east of the city *** A621 motorway – a short motorway near Gerakas, connecting the A6 with the A62 ** National roads in Athens<ref name="eo-list-1963">{{Cite Greek roads|eo-1963}}</ref> *** EO1 – towards Lamia, Larissa, Katerini and Evzonoi *** EO8 – towards Corinth and Patras *** EO54 – towards Rafina *** EO56 – towards Piraeus *** EO83 – towards Rafina via Kifissia and Marathon *** EO91 – towards Sounion *** Vouliagmenis Avenue<ref name="eo-list-1998">{{Cite Greek roads|eo-1998|page=18}}</ref> * Streets in Athens
== Education in Athens == [[Image:Panteion University's Central Building.JPG|thumb|upright|The first, historic building of the Panteion University]] Education in Athens * Academy of Athens * Universities in Athens ** Athens University of Economics and Business ** Agricultural University of Athens ** National and Kapodistrian University of Athens ** National Technical University of Athens ** Panteion University ** Harokopio University of Athens ** University of Piraeus ** Athens School of Fine Arts ** University of West Attica
== Healthcare in Athens ==
Hospitals in Athens * Evangelismos Hospital
== See also == {{portal|Greece}} * Outline of geography
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == {{Sister project links|Athens}} {{wikiatlas|Athens}}
;Official * {{Official website|http://www.cityofathens.gr/en/}}
;Historical * [http://www.eie.gr/archaeologia/En/index.aspx EIE.gr] – Page on Archaeology of the City of Athens in the National Hellenic Research Foundation website * [http://rg.ancients.info/owls/ Rg.ancients.info/owls] – Athenian owl coins * [http://www.kronoskaf.com/vr/ Kronoskaf.com] – Simulation of Athens in 421 BC * [http://www.athens-museums.com/ Athens Museums Information] – Guide with pictures, visitor comments and reviews
;Travel * [http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/main_cities/athens Athens] - The Greek National Tourism Organization * [http://www.thisisathens.org This is Athens] - The official City of Athens guide * [http://www.oasa.gr/?lang=en Athens Urban Transport Organisation]
;Visual * [http://www.vimeo.com/12079928 Timelapse video of Athens] Timelapse showing Athens in the Attica region * [https://www.flickr.com/photos/rfrumbao/sets/72157627268623809/ Athens 1973] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130119025848/http://www.athensinpictures.com/ Athens In Pictures] * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130630212110/http://www.athenswalk.net/ Athens Photo Guide]}}
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