{{Short description|Historical name for several indigenous peoples of Siberia, Russia}} {{Other uses|Ostyak (disambiguation)}} [[File:023 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples - Ein Ostiakischer Hermelin-Fänger, 1790 (crop).jpg|thumb|Illustration of an "Ostyak" stoat-hunter (1793)]] [[File:View of Beryozovo, 18th century.jpg|thumb|18th century view of Beryozovo, including "Ostiac" canoes.]] '''Ostyak''' ({{langx|ru|Остя́к}}) is a name formerly used to refer to several Indigenous peoples and languages in Siberia, Russia. Both the Khanty people and the Ket people were formerly called Ostyaks, whereas the Selkup people were referred to as Ostyak-Samoyed.
==Khanty== {{Main |Khanty people |Khanty languages}} The Khanty people, who also call themselves ''Khanti'', ''Khande'', or ''Kantek'' were known to the Russians as ''Yugra'' in the eleventh century, with the name ''Ostyak'' first appearing in the sixteenth century. The Soviet Union began using the endonym ''Khant'' or ''Khanty'' during the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khants or Ostyaks |url=http://www.suri.ee/eup/khants.html |work=Endangered Uralic Peoples |accessdate=2013-07-24}}</ref>
{{As of|2002}} some 28,000 people identify as Khanty, primarily in Tyumen Oblast, which includes the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web|title=Численность коренных малочисленных народов Севера |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220090902/http://www.raipon.org/russian_site/people/people_perepis_2002_rus.htm |archivedate=2006-02-20 |url=http://www.raipon.org/russian_site/people/people_perepis_2002_rus.htm |accessdate=2013-07-24}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
The Khanty languages, also known as Hanty, Khant, Xanty, or Ostyak, are a Uralic language group with about 9,500 native speakers.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{Cite book |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=Seventeenth |last1=Lewis |first1=M. Paul |last2=Simons |first2=Gary |last3=Fennig |first3=Charles |year=2013 |publisher=SIL International}}</ref>
==Ket== [[File:P170b At Levinski Pesok. A civilized Yenisei Samoyede and a Yenisei-Ostiak.jpg|thumb|1913 photograph of "A civilized Yenisei Samoyede and a Yenisei-Ostiak."]] {{Main |Ket people |Ket language}} The Kets historically lived near the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai district of Russia. The Imperial Russians originally{{when|date=July 2013}} called them ''Ostyak'', and later ''Yenisei Ostyak''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples |url=http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm |last=Vajda |first=Edward |accessdate=2013-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406214043/http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm |archive-date=2019-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fewer than 1,500 people identified themselves as Ket during the 2002 Russian census.<ref name="Census" />
The Ket language, also known as Imbatski-Ket or Yenisei Ostyak, is a Yeniseian language. It is considered severely endangered to moribund.<ref name="Ethnologue" />
==Selkup== thumb|Selkup man {{Main |Selkup people |Selkup languages}} The Selkup people were known as Ostyak-Samoyeds until the 1930s. They are descended from both Yeniseian and Samoyedic peoples, and live in the northern parts of the Siberian plain. About 4,000 people identified as Selkup during the 2002 Russian census.<ref name="Census" />
The Selkup language, also known as Selkups, Chumyl' Khumyt, Shöl Khumyt, Shösh Gulla, Syusugulla, or Ostyak Samoyed, is a Uralic Samoyedic language with perhaps two thousand or more native speakers. The northern dialect is taught in some schools.<ref name="Ethnologue" />
==See also== * Paleosiberian languages
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ostiaks|volume=20|page=359}}
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Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East Category:Languages of Russia Category:Khanty Category:Ket people Category:Selkup people Category:Ugric peoples Category:Exonyms