thumb|Siberian tiger '''Operation Amba''' is the codename of a Russian programme<ref name="RTTCHDL232">{{cite book |author1=John Seidensticker |author2=Peter Jackson |author3=Sarah Christie |title= Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= |year= 1999 |pages= 232 |isbn= 0-521-64835-1 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref> to curtail the poaching of Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East. It was described as a strategic defence of the tiger which uses psychological operations as a major element.<ref name="SWT347"/> The programme was concentrated on identifying and neutralizing tiger traders in the Russian Far East<ref name="SWT347"/> and used small anti-poaching teams to roam the taiga and build a network among local population for support and information.<ref name="RTTCHDL235"/> Support from the local population and state law enforcement agencies was a key element of the programme.<ref name="RTTCHDL240">{{cite book |author1=John Seidensticker |author2=Peter Jackson |author3=Sarah Christie |title= Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= |year= 1999 |pages= 240 |isbn= 0-521-64835-1 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref> The name "Operation Amba" is derived from "Amba", the name for tiger used by the Udegai people of the Russian Far East.<ref name="SWT347">{{cite book |author1=Valmik Thapar |author2=Permanent Black |title= Saving Wild Tigers 1900-2000: The Essential Writings |publisher= Orient Longman |location= |year= 2006 |pages= 347 |isbn= 81-7824-150-1 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref>

Operation Amba has been widely successful, having saved cub tigers, made seizures of illegal poaching materials, and raided illegal operations and poaching rings.<ref name="RTTCHDL235">{{cite book |author1=John Seidensticker |author2=Peter Jackson |author3=Sarah Christie |title= Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-dominated Landscapes |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= |year= 1999 |pages= 235 |isbn= 0-521-64835-1 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.savethetigerfund.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=8666 Final Report]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved on April 9, 2008</ref><ref name=TURNERFOUNDATION>[http://www.turnerfoundation.org/grants/HGDetail7.asp Highlighted grants] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612205950/http://www.turnerfoundation.org/grants/HGDetail7.asp |date=2008-06-12 }} ''Turner Foundation, Inc.''</ref>

Operation Amba is credited for bringing the Siberian tiger back from the brink of extinction in the mid-1990s and helping stabilize the population after years of heavy poaching.<ref name="RTTCHDL240"/><ref name=WILDLIFEALLIANCE>[http://www.wildlifealliance.org/where-we-work/thailand/team/steve-galster.html Steve Galster] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612235402/http://www.wildlifealliance.org/where-we-work/thailand/team/steve-galster.html |date=2008-06-12 }} ''Wildlife Alliance''</ref><ref>[http://www.orangutan.com/about_people.html The People] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015070948/http://orangutan.com/about_people.html |date=2007-10-15 }} ''Orangutan.com''</ref> Prior to Operation Amba, an estimated 60 to 70 tigers were killed each year by commercial poachers who sold the body parts (skins, bones, etc.) to black market traders. By 1995, the population was thought to have dramatically decreased to just 250-300. By 2001 however, poaching was down to about 8 to 10 tigers per year, and the population had grown to about 400-450 tigers.<ref name=TURNERFOUNDATION/> According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the latest Russian Census reports put the current number to be anywhere between 480 and 520 without including the small numbers of this subspecies present in mainland China.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/04/13/wtiger113.xml | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071014014719/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/04/13/wtiger113.xml | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2007-10-14 | title = World's biggest tiger winning extinction fight | publisher = The Telegraph | date = 2007-04-14 | accessdate = 2007-07-02 | location=London | first=Natalie | last=Paris}}</ref>

==See also== *Siberian tiger *Poaching *Endangered species

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070429135135/http://www.savethetigerfund.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home Summary Report] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070206032641/http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/gwd/zoosforum/handbook/2app4.pdf ZOOS AND CONSERVATION PROJECTS]

Category:Law enforcement in Russia

{{Russia-stub}}