{{Short description|Indigenous group in Russian Far East}} {{multiple issues| {{Expand Ukrainian|fa=yes|date=July 2011}} {{expand Russian|date=February 2024}} {{expand Japanese|date=May 2026}} }} {{Infobox ethnic group| | group = Udege | native_name = {{lang|ude|Удиэ}}; {{lang|ude|Удиһе}} | native_name_lang = ude | image = 200px | image_alt = Four people behind them a forest. Two to the left are seated on a log. One on the right is standing. The person in the center is holding a baby. The person to the right is holding a rifle. | population = 1,538 (2002–2010) | popplace = Russia: Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai | region1 = Russia | pop1 = 1,496 | ref1 =<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120424113952/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity]}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> | region2 = Ukraine | pop2 = 42 | ref2 =<ref name="2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua">[http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20&n_page=5 State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census] (Ukrainian)</ref> | langs = {{Flatlist| * Russian * Udege }} | rels = Shamanism | related = Nanai people, Oroch people, and other Tungusic peoples }} {{History of Russian Manchuria}} The '''Udege''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Удэгейцы}}; {{langx|ude|удиэ}} or {{lang|ude|удиһе}}, or Udihe, Udekhe, and Udeghe correspondingly) are a native people of the Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai regions in Russia. They live along the tributaries of the Ussuri, Amur, Khungari, Samarga, and Anyuy Rivers. The Udege speak the Udege language, which belongs to the Tungusic language family. Their religious beliefs include animism, animal worship, and shamanism. The Udege are mainly engaged in hunting, fishing, and ginseng harvesting. According to the 2002 census, there were 1,657 Udege in Russia, a slight increase from 1,500 in 1970. This was down to 1,496 Udege in Russia in the 2010 census. They are one of the closest ethnic groups to the Manchu and Nanai, and are possibly of Xi Yeren Jurchen origin.
The Udege of the Samarga River basin had lived in dispersed encampments all along the tributaries of the river until about the 1930s. Under Soviet collectivization the Udege in the area were concentrated in four villages with Agzu being the largest (2010 census about 150).
The largest settlements of Udege are in: * Khabarovsk krai: Gvasiugi (Imeni Lazo District) and Arsenievo (Nanaysky District) * Primorsky krai: Agzu (Terneysky District), Krasny Yar and Olon (Pozharsky District)
Since the advent of Perestroika, the Udege, led by Pavel Sulyandziga, have been actively involved in the struggle for control over their traditional territories along the Bikin River. A central objective has been the establishment of a Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use of federal status, which was proposed in cooperation with the national umbrella organisation RAIPON and the Russian Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography but failed to be approved by the authorities.<ref name=cerd>[http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session4/RU/RAIPON_IWGIA_RUS_UPR_S4_2009anx_Indigenous_Peoples_Russia_RAIPON_INFOE_2008.pdf Discrimination against indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035835/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session4/RU/RAIPON_IWGIA_RUS_UPR_S4_2009anx_Indigenous_Peoples_Russia_RAIPON_INFOE_2008.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}. (Parallel report submitted to the UN Committee for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, RAIPON, June 13, 2008)</ref>
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, out of 40 Udeges living in Ukraine, only 8 declared Udege as their native language. Most of the Udeges in Ukraine indicated Russian (19) or Ukrainian (6) as their native language. 7 of them named another language.<ref name="2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua"/>
== Ethnonyms == Until the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century Russian and Western researchers did not separate Udege and Oroch, considering them one people (often called ''Orochoni''). The first who alleged their ethnic separation was S. N. Brailovsky ({{langx|ru|Сергей Николаевич Браиловский}}). He was also the first to introduce the ethnonym Udihe, Udiheitsi ({{langx|ru|link=no| удээ, удэхэ, удихэ}}),<ref>s:ru:НЭС/Браиловский, Сергей Николаевич</ref><ref>Браиловский, Сергей Николаевич , [https://pgpb.ru/digitization/detail/5832/ Тазы или yguhэ: опыт этнографического исследования], 1902</ref> which became an official, in particular autoethnonym already in the 1930s. Until that time, the Udege did not have a common self-name. Each territorial group had its own self-name: Hungarian – Hungake, Bikinska – Bikinka, Anyuyska – Uninka, and so on.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-13|title=Supporting the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia|url=http://www.nsu.ru/ip/udeg.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313105611/http://www.nsu.ru/ip/udeg.php|archive-date=2012-03-13|language=ru}}</ref>
Also known is the eхonym Udege Kekari ({{langx|ru|link=no|кекари}}) — so called Udege neighboring peoples, mainly Orochi and Manchzhur, and this term is sometimes found in Western and Russian literature.{{citation needed|date=May 2026}}
They were called Qiakala (恰喀拉, {{langx|mnc|{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠ}}}} {{tlit|mnc|kiyakara}}) by the Qing dynasty.{{citation needed|date=May 2026}}
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4"> File:Расселение удэгейцев в ДФО по городским и сельским поселениям, в %.png|Settlement of Udege in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census File:Huang Qing Zhigong Tu, 1769, Qiakala people (恰喀拉).jpg|"Qiakala" people (恰喀拉), Qing designation of the Udege. Huang Qing Zhigong Tu, 1769 File:Удэгейская женщина с реки Максимовка (Кусун). Костюм туземный, обувь китайская. Начало XX века.jpg|Udege woman File:Один из первых фотоснимков удэгейского стойбища, сделанный В. К. Арсеньевым, с его автографом. 1906 г.jpg|Udege village, 1906 </gallery>
==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}}
* “Owls of the Eastern Ice” by Jonathan C. Slaght, pp 19-20, Picador Paperback, 2021.
==External links== {{Commons category|Udeghe}}
* Maksim Russo. [https://polit.ru/article/2019/03/10/ps_udihe/ Map of languages of Russia: Udege] (Polit.ru, 10 March 2019) * http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Russia/bibl/Udege.html
{{Tungusic peoples}} {{Indigenous peoples of Russia}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Tungusic peoples Category:Indigenous peoples of Siberia Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East Category:People from Khabarovsk Krai Category:People from Primorsky Krai Category:Ethnic groups in Russia Category:Ethnic groups in Siberia