Octopus (genus)

{{short description|Genus of cephalopods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Octopus Vulgaris.jpg | image_caption = ''Octopus vulgaris'' | taxon = Octopus | authority = Cuvier, 1797 | type_species = ''Octopus vulgaris'' | type_species_authority = Cuvier, 1797 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = Over 100, see text. }}

'''''Octopus''''' is the largest genus of octopuses, comprising about 100 species. These species are widespread throughout the world's oceans. Many species formerly placed in the genus ''Octopus'' are now assigned to other genera within the family.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gofas|first=S.|title=''Octopus'' Cuvier 1798|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138268|publisher=World Register of Marine Species|access-date=31 March 2014|year=2013}}</ref><ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Octopus Cuvier, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138268 on 2015-02-01</ref>

==Species== *''Octopus alecto'' Berry, 1953 * ''Octopus argus'' Krauss, 1848 *''Octopus australis'' Hoyle, 1885 – hammer octopus *''Octopus balboai'' Voss, 1971 *''Octopus berenice'' Gray, 1849 *''Octopus berrima'' Stanks & Norman, 1992 – southern keeled octopus *''Octopus bimaculatus'' Verrill, 1883 – California two-spot octopus or Verrill's two-spot octopus *''Octopus bimaculoides'' Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949 – California two-spot octopus *''Octopus bocki'' Adam, 1941 – Bock's pygmy octopus *''Octopus briareus'' Robson, 1929 – Caribbean reef octopus *''Octopus bulbus'' Norman, 2001 *''Octopus californicus'' Berry, 1911 – North Pacific bigeye octopus *''Octopus chierchiae'' Jatta, 1889 – lesser Pacific striped octopus *''Octopus conispadiceus'' Sasaki, 1917 – chestnut octopus *''Octopus cyanea'' Gray, 1849 – big blue octopus or Cyane's octopus, *''Octopus diminutus'' Kaneko & Kubodera, 2008<ref>Kaneko, N. & Kubodera, T. (2008). "[http://www.mapress.com/mr/content/v28/2008f/n3p157.pdf Two new species of pygmy octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from deep water off the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan.]" ''Molluscan Research'' '''28'''(3): 145–157.</ref> *''Octopus djinda'' Amor, 2021 *''Octopus favonius'' Gray, 1849 * ''Octopus filosus'' Howell, 1867 *''Octopus fitchi'' Berry, 1953 – Fitch's pygmy octopus *''Octopus gardineri'' Hoyle, 1905 *''Octopus gorgonus'' Huffard, 2007<ref name=Huffard>Huffard, C.L. (2007). [http://www.mapress.com/mr/content/v27/2007f/n3p170.htm Four new species of shallow water pygmy octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Kingdom of Tonga]. ''Molluscan Research'' '''27'''(3): 147–170.</ref> *''Octopus harpedon'' Norman, 2001 *''Octopus hattai'' Sasaki, 1929 * ''Octopus hawaiiensis'' Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852 *''Octopus hubbsorum'' Berry, 1953 – Hubb's octopus *''Octopus humilis'' Huffard, 2007<ref name=Huffard /> *''Octopus hummelincki'' Adam, 1936 – bumblebee two-spot octopus or Caribbean two-spot octopus<ref>[http://www.iczn.org/BZNJune2006opinions.html ''Octopus hummelincki'' Adam, 1936 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): specific name conserved] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063827/http://www.iczn.org/BZNJune2006opinions.html |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> * ''Octopus huttoni'' Benham, 1943 *''Octopus incella'' Kaneko & Kubodera, 2007 *''Octopus insularis'' Leite & Haimovici, 2008<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Leite | first1 = T. S. | last2 = Haimovici | first2 = M. | last3 = Molina | first3 = W. | last4 = Warnke | first4 = K. | title = Morphological and genetic description of ''Octopus insularis'', a new cryptic species in the ''Octopus vulgaris'' complex (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic | doi = 10.1093/mollus/eym050 | journal = Journal of Molluscan Studies | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–74 | year = 2007 | url = http://repositorio.furg.br/bitstream/1/2377/1/Morphological%20and%20genetic%20description%20of%20Octopus%20insularis%2c%20a%20new%20cryptic%20species%20in%20the%20Octopus%20vulgaris%20complex%20%28CEPHALOPODA-OCTOPODIDAE%29%20from%20the%20tropical%20Southwestern%20Atlantic.pdf | doi-access = free }}</ref> *''Octopus jeraldi'' Pratt, Baldwin & Vecchione, 2020<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pratt|first1=Abigail|last2=Baldwin|first2=Carole|last3=Vecchione|first3=Michael|date=2020-04-01|title=Octopods of deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean including description of one newly discovered species|url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2020/00000096/00000002/art00005;jsessionid=xvsg7h7b2ujn.x-ic-live-03|journal=Bulletin of Marine Science|volume=96|issue=2|pages=297–308|doi=10.5343/bms.2019.0040|s2cid=204130456 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> *''Octopus joubini'' Robson, 1929 - Atlantic pygmy octopus or small-egg Caribbean pygmy octopus *''Octopus kaharoa'' O'Shea, 1999 *''Octopus kaurna'' Stranks, 1990 – southern sand octopus *''Octopus laqueus'' Kaneko & Kubodera, 2005 *''Octopus mariles'' Huffard, 2007<ref name=Huffard /> *''Octopus maya'' Voss & Solís, 1966 – Mexican four-eyed octopus *''Octopus mercatoris'' Adam, 1937 *''Octopus mernoo'' O'Shea, 1999 *''Octopus microphthalmus'' Goodrich, 1896 *''Octopus micropyrsus'' Berry, 1953 – California Lilliput octopus *''Octopus micros'' Norman, 2001 *''Octopus mimus'' Gould, 1852 *''Octopus mutilans'' Taki, 1942 *''Octopus nanus'' Adam, 1973 *''Octopus occidentalis'' Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885 *''Octopus oculifer'' Hoyle, 1904 – Galapagos reef octopus *''Octopus oliveri'' Berry, 1914 *''Octopus pallidus'' Hoyle, 1885 – pale octopus *''Octopus parvus'' Sasaki, 1917 – Japanese pygmy octopus *''Octopus penicillifer'' Berry, 1954 *''Octopus pentherinus'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 (''nomen dubium'') *''Octopus pumilus'' Norman & Sweeney, 1997 *''Octopus pyrum'' Norman, Hochberg & Lu, 1997 *''Octopus rubescens'' Berry, 1953 – East Pacific red octopus *''Octopus salutii'' Vérany, 1836 – spider octopus *''Octopus sanctaehelenae'' Robson, 1929 *''Octopus selene'' Voss, 1971 – moon octopus *''Octopus sinensis'' d'Orbigny, 1841 - East Asian Common octopus * ''Octopus stictochrus'' Voss, 1971 *''Octopus superciliosus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832frilled pygmy octopus *''Octopus tehuelchus'' d'Orbigny, 1834 – Tehuelche or Patagonian octopus *''Octopus tenebricus'' Smith, 1884 *''Octopus tetricus'' Gould, 1852 – gloomy octopus or common Sydney octopus *''Octopus veligero'' Berry, 1953 – veiled octopus *''Octopus verrucosus'' Hoyle, 1885 *''Octopus vitiensis'' Hoyle, 1885 – bighead octopus *''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 – common octopus *''Octopus warringa'' Stranks, 1990 – club pygmy octopus *''Octopus wolfi'' Wülker, 1913 – star-sucker pygmy octopus *''Octopus zonatus'' Voss, 1968 – Atlantic banded octopus

The following species are species inquirenda; species needing further investigation and redescription to determine whether they belong within this genus. The species listed with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms;<ref>Sweeney, M.J. (2001). {{cite web |url= http://sirismm.si.edu/cephs/newclass.pdf |title= Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda. |access-date= 2012-12-03 |archive-date= 2012-11-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121105071112/http://sirismm.si.edu/cephs/newclass.pdf |url-status= dead }} – updated May 4, 2001. 59 pp.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=24em}} *''Octopus alatus'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus araneoides'' * Iw. Taki, 1964 *''Octopus arborescens'' Hoyle, 1904 *''Octopus filamentosus'' Blainville, 1826 *''Octopus fujitai'' Sasaki, 1929 *''Octopus globosus'' Appellöf, 1886 – globe octopus *''Octopus hongkongensis'' Hoyle, 1885 *''Octopus longispadiceus'' Sasaki, 1917 *''Octopus minor'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus nanhaiensis'' Dong, 1976 *''Octopus niveus'' Lesson, 1831 *''Octopus ochotensis'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus oshimai'' Sasaki, 1929 *''Octopus prashadi'' Adam, 1939 *''Octopus pricei'' * Berry, 1913 *''Octopus sasakii'' Taki, 1942 *''Octopus spinosus'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus tsugarensis'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus validus'' Sasaki, 1920 *''Octopus yendoi'' Sasaki, 1920 {{div col end}}

; Species brought into synonymy: {{hidden begin|style=border:1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center;|title=List of synonyms in the genus ''Octopus''}} * ''Octopus abaculus'' Norman & Sweeney, 1997: synonym of ''Abdopus abaculus'' (Norman & Sweeney, 1997) * ''Octopus aculeatus'' d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of ''Abdopus aculeatus'' (d'Orbigny, 1834) *''Octopus adamsi'' Benham, 1944 : synonym of ''Octopus huttoni'' Benham, 1943 * ''Octopus aegina'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Amphioctopus aegina'' (Gray, 1849) * ''Octopus albus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus alderii'' Vérany, 1851: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) *''Octopus alpheus'', Capricorn night octopus: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus alpheus'' (Norman, 1993) * ''Octopus alpheus'' Norman, 1993: synonym of ''Oinnoctopus alpheus'' (Norman, 1993) * ''Octopus americanus'' Froriep, 1806: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus apollyon'' (S. S. Berry, 1912): synonym of ''Enteroctopus dofleini'' (Wülker, 1910) * ''Octopus arcticus'' Prosch, 1849: synonym of ''Bathypolypus arcticus'' (Prosch, 1849) * ''Octopus areolatus'' de Haan, 1839: synonym of ''Amphioctopus fangsiao'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) * ''Octopus aspilosomatis'' Norman, 1993, plain-body night octopus: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus aspilosomatis'' (Norman, 1993) * ''Octopus bairdii'' Verrill, 1873: synonym of ''Bathypolypus bairdii'' (Verrill, 1873) * ''Octopus bakerii'' d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of ''Octopus americanus'' Montfort, 1802: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus bermudensis'' Hoyle, 1885: synonym of ''Callistoctopus furvus'' (Gould, 1852) * ''Octopus bitentaculatus'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus brevitentaculatus'' Blainville, 1826: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus brocki'' Ortmann, 1888: synonym of ''Amphioctopus fangsiao'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) * ''Octopus bunurong'' Stranks, 1990: synonym of ''Callistoctopus bunurong'' (Stranks, 1990) – southern white-spot octopus * ''Octopus burryi'' Voss, 1950: synonym of ''Amphioctopus burryi'' (Voss, 1950) * ''Octopus carolinensis'' Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''Amphioctopus carolinensis'' (Verrill, 1884), Carolinian octopus * ''Octopus cassiopea'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus cassiopeia'' Gray, 1849 (incorrect subsequent spelling of specific epithet): synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus catenulatus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''Ocythoe tuberculata'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Octopus chromatus'' Heilprin, 1888: synonym of ''Callistoctopus furvus'' (Gould, 1852) * ''Octopus cirrhosus'' Lamarck, 1798: synonym of ''Eledone cirrhosa'' (Lamarck, 1798) * ''Octopus cocco'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Scaeurgus unicirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841) * ''Octopus cocco'' Vérany, 1846: synonym of ''Pteroctopus tetracirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje, 1830) * ''Octopus coerulescentes'' Fra Piero, 1895: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus communis'' Park, 1885: synonym of ''Macroctopus maorum'' (Hutton, 1880) * ''Octopus cuvieri'' d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of ''Callistoctopus lechenaultii'' (d'Orbigny, 1826) * ''Octopus dana'' Robson, 1929: synonym of ''Macrotritopus defilippi'' (Vérany, 1851) * ''Octopus defilippi'' Vérany, 1851: synonym of ''Macrotritopus defilippi'' (Vérany, 1851) Atlantic longarm octopus or Lilliput longarm octopus * ''Octopus didynamus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) * ''Octopus dierythraeus'' Norman, 1992: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus dierythraeus'' (Norman, 1992) – red-spot night octopus * ''Octopus digueti'' Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894: synonym of ''Paroctopus digueti'' (Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894) – Diguet's pygmy octopus * ''Octopus dofleini'' (Wülker, 1910): synonym of ''Enteroctopus dofleini'' (Wülker, 1910) * ''Octopus dollfusi'' Robson, 1928: synonym of ''Amphioctopus aegina'' (Gray, 1849) * ''Octopus duplex'' Hoyle, 1885: synonym of ''Octopus superciliosus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 * ''Octopus equivocus'' Robson, 1929: synonym of ''Macrotritopus defilippi'' (Vérany, 1851) * ''Octopus ergasticus'' P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892: synonym of ''Bathypolypus ergasticus'' (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892) * ''Octopus eudora'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Octopus americanus'' Montfort, 1802: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus exannulatus'' Norman, 1992: synonym of ''Amphioctopus exannulatus'' (Norman, 1992) * ''Octopus fangsiao'' d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of ''Amphioctopus fangsiao'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) * ''Octopus fasciatus'' Hoyle, 1886: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena fasciata'' (Hoyle, 1886) * ''Octopus fimbriatus'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Abdopus horridus'' (d'Orbigny, 1826) * ''Octopus flindersi'' Cotton, 1932: synonym of ''Macroctopus maorum'' (Hutton, 1880) * ''Octopus fontanianus'' d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of ''Robsonella fontaniana'' (d'Orbigny, 1834) * ''Octopus frayedus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) * ''Octopus furvus'' Gould, 1852: synonym of ''Callistoctopus furvus'' (Gould, 1852) * ''Octopus geryonea'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Octopus americanus'' Montfort, 1802: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus gibbsi'' O'Shea, 1999: synonym of ''Octopus tetricus'' Gould, 1852 * ''Octopus gilbertianus'' Berry, 1912: synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) * ''Octopus glaber'' Wülker, 1920: synonym of ''Octopus cyanea'' Gray, 1849 * ''Octopus gracilis'' Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''Macrotritopus equivocus'' (Robson, 1929) * ''Octopus gracilis'' Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: synonym of ''Tremoctopus gracilis'' (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) * ''Octopus granosus'' Blainville, 1826: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) * ''Octopus granulatus'' Lamarck, 1799: synonym of ''Amphioctopus granulatus'' (Lamarck, 1799) * ''Octopus graptus'' Norman, 1992: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus graptus'' (Norman, 1992) – scribbled night octopus * ''Octopus groenlandicus'' Steenstrup, 1856: synonym of ''Bathypolypus arcticus'' (Prosch, 1849) * ''Octopus guangdongensis'' Dong, 1976: synonym of ''Abdopus guangdongensis'' (Dong, 1976) * ''Octopus hardwickei'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Amphioctopus aegina'' (Gray, 1849) * ''Octopus harmandi'' Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of ''Abdopus aculeatus'' (d'Orbigny, 1834) * ''Octopus herdmani'' Hoyle, 1904: synonym of ''Octopus cyanea'' Gray, 1849 * ''Octopus heteropus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus horridus'' d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of ''Abdopus horridus'' (d'Orbigny, 1826) * ''Octopus horsti'' Joubin, 1898: synonym of ''Octopus cyanea'' Gray, 1849 * ''Octopus hoylei'' (S. S. Berry, 1909): synonym of ''Pteroctopus hoylei'' (S. S. Berry, 1909) * ''Octopus indicus'' Rapp, 1835: synonym of ''Cistopus indicus'' (Rapp, 1835) * ''Octopus januarii'' Hoyle, 1885: synonym of ''Muusoctopus januarii'' (Hoyle, 1885) * ''Octopus kagoshimensis'' Ortmann, 1888: synonym of ''Amphioctopus kagoshimensis'' (Ortmann, 1888) * ''Octopus kempi'' Robson, 1929: synonym of ''Macrotritopus defilippi'' (Vérany, 1851) * ''Octopus kermadecensis'' (Berry, 1914): synonym of ''Pinnoctopus kermadecensis'' (Berry, 1914) * ''Octopus koellikeri'' Vérany, 1851: synonym of ''Tremoctopus violaceus'' delle Chiaje, 1830 * ''Octopus lechenaultii'' d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of ''Callistoctopus lechenaultii'' (d'Orbigny, 1826) * ''Octopus leioderma'' (Berry, 1911): synonym of ''Benthoctopus leioderma'' (Berry, 1911) * ''Octopus lentus'' Verrill, 1880: synonym of ''Bathypolypus bairdii'' (Verrill, 1873) * ''Octopus leschenaultii'' d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of ''Callistoctopus lechenaultii'' (d'Orbigny, 1826) * ''Octopus leucoderma'' San Giovanni, 1829: synonym of ''Eledone leucoderma'' (San Giovanni, 1829) * ''Octopus lobensis'' Castellanos & Menni, 1969: synonym of ''Octopus tehuelchus'' d'Orbigny, 1834 – lobed octopus * ''Octopus lothei'' Chun, 1913: synonym of ''Bathypolypus ergasticus'' (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892) * ''Octopus lunulatus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena lunulata'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) * ''Octopus luteus'' (Sasaki, 1929): synonym of ''Callistoctopus luteus'' (Sasaki, 1929) – starry night octopus * ''Octopus macropodus'' Sangiovanni, 1829: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) * ''Octopus macropus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus macropus'' (Risso, 1826) – Atlantic white-spotted octopus * ''Octopus maculatus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus maculosus'' Hoyle, 1883: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena maculosa'' (Hoyle, 1883) * ''Octopus magnificus'' Villanueva, Sanchez & Compagno, 1992: synonym of ''Enteroctopus magnificus'' (Villanueva, Sanchez & Compagno, 1992) * ''Octopus maorum'' Hutton, 1880: synonym of ''Macroctopus maorum'' (Hutton, 1880) – Maori octopus * ''Octopus marginatus'' Taki, 1964: synonym of ''Amphioctopus marginatus'' (Iw. Taki, 1964) * ''Octopus marmoratus'' Hoyle, 1885: synonym of ''Octopus cyanea'' Gray, 1849 * ''Octopus membranaceus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of ''Amphioctopus membranaceus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) * ''Octopus microstomus'' Reynaud, 1830: synonym of ''Tremoctopus violaceus'' delle Chiaje, 1830 * ''Octopus moschatus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus moschatus'' Lamarck, 1798: synonym of ''Eledone moschata'' (Lamarck, 1798) * ''Octopus mototi'' Norman, 1992: synonym of ''Amphioctopus mototi'' (Norman, 1992) * ''Octopus neglectus'' Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of ''Amphioctopus neglectus'' (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999) * ''Octopus nierstraszi'' W. Adam, 1938: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena nierstraszi'' (W. Adam, 1938) * ''Octopus nierstrazi'' [sic]: synonym of ''Octopus nierstrasz''i W. Adam, 1938: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena nierstraszi'' (W. Adam, 1938) * ''Octopus niger'' Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus niger'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus nocturnus'' Norman & Sweeney, 1997: synonym of ''Callistoctopus nocturnus'' (Norman & Sweeney, 1997) * ''Octopus obesus'' Verrill, 1880: synonym of ''Bathypolypus bairdii'' (Verrill, 1873) * ''Octopus ocellatus'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Amphioctopus fangsiao'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) * ''Octopus octopodia'' Tryon, 1879: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus ornatus'' Gould, 1852: synonym of ''Pinnoctopus ornatus'' (Gould, 1852) – ornate octopus or white-striped octopus * ''Octopus ovulum'' Sasaki, 191: synonym of ''Amphioctopus ovulum'' (Sasaki, 1917) * ''Octopus rapanui'' Voss, 1979: synonym of ''Callistoctopus rapanui'' (Voss, 1979) * ''Octopus patagonicus'' Lönnberg, 1898: synonym of ''Enteroctopus megalocyathus'' (Gould, 1852) * ''Octopus pictus'' Brock, 1882: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena fasciata'' (Hoyle, 1886) * ''Octopus pictus'' Verrill, 1883: synonym of ''Octopus verrilli'' Hoyle, 1886 * ''Octopus pilosus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus piscatorum'' Verrill, 1879: synonym of ''Bathypolypus bairdii'' (Verrill, 1873) * ''Octopus polyzenia'' Gray, 1849: synonym of ''Amphioctopus polyzenia'' (Gray, 1849) * ''Octopus punctatus'' Gabb, 1862: synonym of ''Enteroctopus dofleini'' (Wülker, 1910) * ''Octopus pustulosus'' Sasaki, 1920: synonym of ''Octopus madokai'' Berry, 1921 * ''Octopus rabassin'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus reticularis'' Petangna, 1828: synonym of ''Ocythoe tuberculata'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Octopus rex'' Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of ''Amphioctopus rex'' (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999) * ''Octopus robsoni'' Adam, 1941: synonym of ''Amphioctopus robsoni'' (Adam, 1941) * ''Octopus robustus'' Brock, 1887: synonym of ''Hapalochlaena fasciata'' (Hoyle, 1886) * ''Octopus roosevelti'' Stuart, 1941: synonym of ''Octopus oculifer'' Hoyle, 1904 * ''Octopus ruber'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus rufus'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Scaeurgus unicirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841) * ''Octopus salebrosus'' Sasaki, 1920: synonym of ''Sasakiopus salebrosus'' (Sasaki, 1920) * ''Octopus saluzzii'' Naef, 1923: synonym of ''Octopus salutii'' Vérany, 1836 * ''Octopus saluzzii'' Vérany, 1840: synonym of ''Octopus salutii'' Vérany, 1836 * ''Octopus scorpio'' (Berry, 1920): synonym of ''Macrotritopus defilippi'' (Vérany, 1851) * ''Octopus semipalmatus'' Owen, 1836: synonym of ''Tremoctopus violaceus'' delle Chiaje, 1830 * ''Octopus siamensis'' Nateewathana & Norman, 1999: synonym of ''Amphioctopus siamensis'' (Nateewathana & Norman, 1999) * ''Octopus smedleyi'' Robson, 1932: synonym of ''Amphioctopus aegina'' (Gray, 1849) * ''Octopus sponsalis'' Fischer & Fischer, 1892: synonym of ''Bathypolypus sponsalis'' (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892) * ''Octopus striolatus'' Dong, 1976: synonym of ''Amphioctopus marginatus'' (Iw. Taki, 1964) * ''Octopus taprobanensis'' Robson, 1926: synonym of ''Callistoctopus taprobanensis'' (Robson, 1926) * ''Octopus tenuicirrus'' Sasaki, 1929: synonym of ''Octopus hongkongensis'' Hoyle, 1885 * ''Octopus tetracirrhus'' Delle Chiaje, 1830: synonym of ''Pteroctopus tetracirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje, 1830) * ''Octopus tetradynamus'' Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus titanotus'' Troschel, 1857: synonym of ''Pteroctopus tetracirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje, 1830) * ''Octopus tonganus'' Hoyle, 1885: synonym of ''Abdopus tonganus'' (Hoyle, 1885) * ''Octopus tritentaculatus'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus troscheli'' Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus troschelii'' Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus tuberculatus'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Ocythoe tuberculata'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Octopus tuberculatus'' Targioni-Tozzetti, 1869: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus tuberculatus'' de Blainville, 1826: synonym of ''Octopus vulgaris'' Cuvier, 1797 * ''Octopus unicirrhus'' Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841: synonym of ''Scaeurgus unicirrhus'' (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841) * ''Octopus varunae'' Oommen, 1971: synonym of ''Amphioctopus varunae'' (Oommen, 1971) * ''Octopus velatus'' Rang, 1837: synonym of ''Tremoctopus violaceus'' delle Chiaje, 1830 * ''Octopus velifer'' de Férussac, 1835: synonym of ''Tremoctopus violaceus'' delle Chiaje, 1830 * ''Octopus veranyi'' Wagner, 1829: synonym of ''Ocythoe tuberculata'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Octopus vincenti'' Pickford, 1955: synonym of ''Amphioctopus burryi'' (Voss, 1950) * ''Octopus violaceus'' Risso, 1854: synonym of ''Ocythoe tuberculata'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Octopus westerniensis'' d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of ''Octopus superciliosus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 * ''Octopus winckworthi'' Robson, 1926: synonym of ''Macrochlaena winckworthi'' (Robson, 1926) {{hidden end}}

The following is part of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 13 protein-coding genes partitioned by codon, and nodes with less than 70% bootstrap support are collapsed, forming polytomies. As depicted here, genus ''Octopus'' ('''○''') is polyphyletic:<ref>{{cite journal |author1=M. Taite|author2=F.Á. Fernández-Álvarez|author3=H.E. Braid |author4=S.L. Bush |author5=K. Bolstad |author6=J. Drewery |author7=S. Mills |author8=J.M. Strugnell |author9=M. Vecchione |author10=R. Villanueva |author11=J.R. Voight |author12=A.L. Allcock |title=Genome skimming elucidates the evolutionary history of Octopoda |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=May 2023 |volume=182 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107729|hdl=10261/329953 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

{{clade |1={{clade |1=Megaleledonidae |2=Amphitretidae }} |2=Bathypolypodidae |label3=Enteroctopodidae |3={{clade |1=''Muusoctopus johnsonianus'' |2=''Octopus conispadiceus'' '''○'''}} |4={{clade |1={{clade |1=Argonautidae |2=Tremoctopodidae }} |label2=Octopodidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Octopus variabilis'' '''○''' |2=''Octopus minor'' '''○'''}} |2=''Callistoctopus luteus'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Octopus fitchi'' '''○''' |2={{clade |1=''Octopus cyanea'' '''○''' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Amphioctopus fangsiao'' |2={{clade |1=''Amphioctopus aegina'' |2={{clade |1=''Amphioctopus neglectus'' |2=''Amphioctopus marginatus'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Cistoctopus chinensis'' |2=''Cistoctopus taiwanicus'' }} |3={{clade |1=''Octopus vulgaris'' '''○''' |2={{clade |1=''Octopus mimus'' '''○''' |2={{clade |1=''Octopus bimaculatus'' '''○''' |2=''Octopus bimaculoides'' '''○'''}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{CephBase Genus|Octopus}} *[http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cephalopoda Tree of Life website gives information about the classification of cephalopod groups]

Category:Octopodidae Category:Cephalopod genera Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier