{{Short description|Species of mollusc}} {{Speciesbox | image = Octopus Pulpo rapanui Callistoctopus rapanui.jpg | status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=Allcock, L. |author2=Taite, M. |author3=Allen, G. |year=2018 |title=''Callistoctopus rapanui'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T163174A980433 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T163174A980433.en |access-date=12 September 2025}}</ref> | taxon = Pinnoctopus rapanui | authority = (Voss, 1979) | synonyms = {{Specieslist | Octopus rapanui | G. L. Voss, 1979 | Callistoctopus rapanui | (G. L. Voss, 1979) }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Phillipe Bouchet |year=2026 |title=''Pinnoctopus rapanui'' (G. L. Voss, 1979) |id=1872232 |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> }}
'''''Pinnoctopus rapanui''''', or the '''rapanui octopus''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Callistoctopus rapanui (Voss, 1979) |url=https://www.sealifebase.ca/summary/Callistoctopus-rapanui.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=SeaLifeBase}}</ref> is the only endemic octopus species in Rapa Nui (or Easter Island).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carrasco |first1=Sergio A. |last2=Meerhoff |first2=Erika |last3=Yannicelly |first3=Beatriz |last4=Ibanez |first4=Christian M. |date=2019 |title=First Records and Descriptions of Early Life Stages of Cephalopods from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and the Nearby Apolo Seamount |url=https://bioone.org/journals/pacific-science/volume-73/issue-1/73.1.8/First-Records-and-Descriptions-of-Early-Life-Stages-of-Cephalopods/10.2984/73.1.8.short |journal=Pacific Science |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=163–175|doi=10.2984/73.1.8 |s2cid=91197779 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> It was first described by Gilbert L. Voss in 1979<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Voss |first=Gilbert L. |date=1979 |title=''Octopus rapanui'', New Species from Easter Island (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35514071#page/384/mode/1up |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=360–367 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> as ''Octopus rapanui''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Julian |date=2017-11-18 |title=Callistoctopus rapanui (Voss, 1979) |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=534572 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=World Register of Marine Species}}</ref>
== Description == ''Pinnoctopus rapanui'' is large and muscular, with a mantle length of up to {{convert|115|mm}} and a total length of up to {{convert|550|mm}}. It has scattered rough tubercles across the body.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rehder |first=Harold A. |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/5242/SCtZ-0289-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2 |title=The Marine Mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Sala y Gomez |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1980 |series=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 289 |location=Washington, DC |language=en}}</ref> The arms are 3.5 to 4.5 times the length of the mantle, and have two rows of suckers each. ''P. rapanui'' is cream-gray with a darker purple hue on its dorsal surfaces.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Norman |first1=M. D. |url=https://www.fao.org/3/i3489e/i3489e.pdf |title=Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date |last2=Finn |first2=J. K. |last3=Hochberg |first3=F. G. |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2016 |isbn=978-92-5-107989-8 |editor-last=Jereb |editor-first=Patrizia |series=FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 3 |volume=3: Octopods and Vampire Squids |location=Rome, Italy |language=en |chapter=Family Octopodidae |issn=1020-8682 |editor-last2=Roper |editor-first2=Clyde F. E. |editor-last3=Norman |editor-first3=Mark D. |editor-last4=Finn |editor-first4=Julian K.}}</ref> Its most distinctive feature is a "straight, out-turned" rostrum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Voight |first=Janet R. |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6317/SCtZ-0586_VolII-Lo_res.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=2#page=279 |title=Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1998 |editor-last=Voss |editor-first=Nancy A. |series=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Number 586 |volume=II |location=Washington, DC |language=en |chapter=An Overview of Shallow-Water Octopus Biogeography |editor-last2=Vecchione |editor-first2=Michael |editor-last3=Toll |editor-first3=Ronald B. |editor-last4=Sweeney |editor-first4=Michael J.}}</ref>
== Distribution == ''Pinnoctopus rapanui'' is subtropical<ref name=":0" /> and only known in Rapa Nui.<ref name=":1" /> It is benthic,<ref name=":0" /> and found at depths of {{convert|0|to|4|m|spell=in}}.<ref name=":1" />
== Use by humans == ''Pinnoctopus rapanui'' are fished for food in Rapa Nui, and make up 0.6% of subsistence fishing catch.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zylich |first1=Kyrstn |last2=Harper |first2=Sarah |last3=Licandeo |first3=Roberto |last4=Vega |first4=Rodrigo |last5=Zeller |first5=Dirk |last6=Pauly |first6=Daniel |date=2014 |title=Fishing in Easter Island, a recent history (1950-2010) |journal=Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=845–856 |doi=10.3856/vol42-issue4-fulltext-11 |bibcode=2014LAJAR..42..845Z |issn=0718-560X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
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Category:Cephalopods described in 1979 Category:Octopodidae