{{short description|American sumo wrestler}} {{family name hatnote|Musashimaru|lang=Japanese}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}} {{Infobox sumo wrestler | image = Musashimaru Koyo-may24-2007.jpg | caption = Musashimaru watching a sumo match in 2007 | native_name = 武蔵丸 光洋 | name = Musashimaru Kōyō | birth_name = Fiamalu Penitani | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|5|2}} | birth_place = American Samoa | height = {{height|meters=1.92}} | weight = {{convert|235|kg|lb st|abbr=on}} | heya = Musashigawa | rank = | record = 779-294-115 | debut = September 1989 | highestrank = Yokozuna (May 1999) | retireddate = November 2003 | eldername = Musashigawa | yushos = 12 (Makuuchi)<br/>1 (Jūryō)<br/>1 (Sandanme)<br/>1 Jonokuchi | prizes = Outstanding Performance (1)<br/>Fighting Spirit (1)<br/>Technique (2) | goldstars = | update = August 2007 }} {{nihongo|'''Musashimaru Kōyō'''|武蔵丸 光洋|Musashimaru Kōyō|born May 2, 1971, as '''Fiamalu Penitani'''|lead=yes}} is an American-born Japanese-naturalized former professional sumo wrestler. He was born in American Samoa, before moving to Hawaii at the age of 10. At 18 he moved to Japan and made his professional sumo debut in 1989, reaching the top ''makuuchi'' division in 1991. After reaching the rank of ''ōzeki'' in 1994 his progress seemed to stall, but in 1999 he became only the second foreign-born wrestler in history to reach the sport's highest rank of ''yokozuna''. Musashimaru won over 700 top division bouts and took twelve top division tournament championships during his career. His sheer {{convert|235|kg|lb|abbr=on}} bulk combined with {{height|meters=1.92}} of height made him a formidable opponent, and he was remarkably consistent and injury-free for most of his career. An amiable personality, his fan base was helped by a surprising facial resemblance to Japanese warrior hero Saigō Takamori.<ref>{{cite news | author= Kuehnert, Marty| title=The end of the Hawaiian era marks a huge blow to sumo| newspaper=Japan Times Online | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/sp20031119mk.html| date=2003-11-19| access-date=2007-06-30}}</ref> After becoming a Japanese national in 1996 and retiring in 2003, he became an elder of the Japan Sumo Association and founded the Musashigawa stable in 2013.
==Early career== left|thumb|150px|''Tegata'' (hand print autograph) of Musashimaru Fiamalu Penitani was born in American Samoa, the fourth son of a German Tongan father and a Portuguese Samoan mother.<ref name="Sharnoff">{{Cite book |author=Sharnoff, Lora |title=Grand Sumo|publisher=Weatherhill |year=1993 |isbn=0-8348-0283-X}}</ref> The family moved to Oahu, Hawaii when he was ten years old.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> While attending Waianae High School in Waianae he played American football and was offered a scholarship to Pasadena City College, but he also had success in Greco-Roman wrestling, and his wrestling coach encouraged him to give sumo a try.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> He moved to Japan and joined former ''yokozuna'' Mienoumi's Musashigawa stable in June 1989, initially on a trial basis only.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> This proved to be successful and he formally made his professional debut that September, adopting the ''shikona'' or ring name of Musashimaru Kōyō. He moved up the ranks quickly, becoming an elite ''sekitori'' wrestler in July 1991 upon promotion to the ''jūryō'' division.<ref name="Sharnoff"/> He reached the top ''makuuchi'' division just two tournaments later in November 1991. He made ''komusubi'' in May 1992 and ''sekiwake'' in July. After a superb 13–2 record and runner-up honors in November 1993, and a 12–3 score the following January, he was promoted to ''ōzeki'' alongside Takanonami.
==''Ōzeki''== Musashimaru was ranked as an ''ōzeki'' for 32 tournaments. He showed great consistency, never missing any bouts through injury and always getting at least eight wins. However, he was unable to gain the successive championships needed to become a ''yokozuna''. Musashimaru took his first top division championship (''yūshō'') in July 1994 with a perfect 15–0 record, but in the following tournament he could manage only 11 wins and Takanohana overtook him to become ''yokozuna'' at the end of the year, joining Akebono who had become the first foreign born ''yokozuna'' in 1993. Musashimaru seemed content just to maintain his rank, not winning another title until November 1996. Takanohana was absent from this tournament and Musashimaru won it after a five way playoff with a score of 11–4, the lowest number of wins needed to take a top division title since 1972. His third championship came in January 1998.
==''Yokozuna''== thumb|Musashimaru's ring entering ceremony at the May 2002 sumo tournament In 1999, with Akebono and Takanohana both struggling with injury and loss of form, Musashimaru suddenly came alive with two consecutive tournament wins in March and May 1999 to earn promotion to ''yokozuna''. There was little of the controversy that surrounded previous promotion drives by foreign wrestlers such as Konishiki, and Musashimaru's record of never having missed a bout in his career was praised by the Yokozuna Deliberation Council.<ref>{{cite web|title=SUMO'S HAWAIIAN GIANT:Second Foreign Wrestler Reaches Highest Rank|publisher=Trends In Japan|url=http://web-japan.org/trends00/honbun/tj990806.html|date=1999-08-06|access-date=2008-07-31}}</ref> After a respectable 12–3 performance in his ''yokozuna'' debut, he won two further titles that year. However, in January 2000 he had to pull out of the tournament with an injury on the fourth day, bringing to an end his record run of 55 consecutive tournaments with a majority of wins, dating from his 6–1 score in the ''makushita'' division in November 1990. This ''kachi-koshi'' run ended just one tournament short of Kitanoumi's top division record. Akebono returned to form in 2000, and Musashimaru was also sidelined with injury in May. He won just one title that year, in September, although it was one of his most impressive results as he won his first 14 matches, just failing on the last day to become the first wrestler in four years to win with a perfect record.<ref>{{cite news|title=Musashimaru stays on top|work=BBC News Online|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/931074.stm|date=2000-09-18|access-date=2008-04-17}}</ref> In 2001, although he did not have the injury problems of the previous year, he lost two playoffs to Takanohana in January and May, and had a mere 9–6 record in September, giving away five ''kinboshi'' to ''maegashira'' ranked wrestlers, an all-time record for a single tournament.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hatano|first=Ryo|date=November 2001|title=My Thoughts on the Aki Basho|journal=Sumo World|page=13|url=https://issuu.com/jimpic/docs/sumo-world-novembre-2001}}</ref> He had to wait until November 2001 for his ninth title. In 2002, with Takanohana sidelined through injury, Musashimaru was dominant. Although he missed most of the January 2002 tournament after injuring himself against Kyokushūzan on the third day, he won three tournaments that year, making 2002 his most successful year since 1999. His victory over the returning Takanohana in September 2002 was his twelfth and final championship and was also the last time either man would complete a tournament, making it the end of an era.
==Retirement from sumo== In November 2002 Musashimaru tore a tendon in his left wrist, an injury which proved to be career-ending. Forced to withdraw from that tournament, the chronic problem restricted him to just a handful of appearances in the whole of 2003. Overshadowed by new ''yokozuna'' Asashōryū, he entered the July tournament but pulled out after just six days. He did not compete again until November, when after suffering his fourth defeat on the seventh day, he announced his retirement.<ref>{{cite news | title=Musashimaru retires | newspaper=The Japan Times | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/ss20031116a1.html | date=2003-11-16 | access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Musashimaru explains his reasons for bowing out| newspaper=The Japan Times | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/ss20031117a2.html| date=2003-11-17| access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref> In an interview on November 16, 2003, he revealed that he had also injured his neck while playing American football in high school and had been unable to move his left shoulder properly. Musashimaru was the last Hawaiian wrestler in sumo, ending a dynasty that began with Takamiyama in 1964 and at one point in 1996 saw four from the islands ranked in the top division.<ref>{{cite news | author= Kuehnert, Marty| title=The end of the Hawaiian era marks a huge blow to sumo| newspaper=The Japan Times | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/sp20031119mk.html| date=2003-11-19| access-date=2007-06-30}}</ref> During his career he had won a total of twelve top division championships, one more than Akebono, and also won over 700 top division bouts, one of only six wrestlers to have achieved that feat to date. He officially retired on October 2, 2004, when he had his ''danpatsu-shiki'', or retirement ceremony, at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan.<ref>{{cite news | title=Ceremony held for Musashimaru | newspaper=The Japan Times | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/ss20041003a1.html | date=2004-10-03 | access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref> [[File:MusashimaruByPhilKonstantin.jpg|thumb|Appearing on KUSI with Phil Konstantin in 2005]]
Musashimaru has remained in the sumo world as an ''oyakata'', or coach. He did not initially acquire a permanent elder (''toshiyori'') name, going instead under the name of Musashimaru Oyakata, which as a former ''yokozuna'' he was entitled to do for a period of five years after retirement. In October 2008 he began using the name {{nihongo|Furiwake|振分}},<ref>{{cite news | author=Hueston, Dave | title=Musashimaru blasts gamblers | newspaper=The Japan Times | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20100724f1.html | date=2010-07-24 | access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref> and he then switched to the {{nihongo|Ōshima|大島}} elder name of former ''ozeki'' Asahikuni in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oyakata (coaches) – goo sumo|url=http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/eng/ozumo_meikan/kyokai_in/oyakata/oyakata.php|publisher=Japan Sumo Association|date=2012-08-28|access-date=2012-10-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622160637/http://sumo.goo.ne.jp/eng/ozumo_meikan/kyokai_in/oyakata/oyakata.php|archive-date=2007-06-22}}</ref> In December 2012 it was announced that he would inherit the prestigious {{nihongo|Musashigawa|武蔵川}} name upon his old stablemaster's retirement in February 2013, at which time he opened his own stable of wrestlers, Musashigawa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/ss20121222a1.html|title=Former yokozuna Musashimaru to open stable next year|date=22 December 2012|newspaper=Japan Times|access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref> This is not to be confused with the stable he fought out of as an active wrestler, which has since been renamed Fujishima stable. The stable had 19 wrestlers as of May 2021, and had previously included his nephew, who reached the ''makushita'' division and became the highest-ranking member of the stable before retiring in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/05/06/sports/ferds-words/sumo-legend-akebono-in-the-middle-of-his-biggest-battle-yet/?HSA=697051e210d8438959a930a067f4460fe9b4e529|title=Sumo legend Akebono in the middle of his biggest battle yet|last=Lewis|first=Ferd|date=6 May 2018|publisher=Honolulu Star Advertiser|access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref>
He appeared alongside Brad Pitt (who was playing his personal assistant) in two commercials for Softbank, a Japanese mobile phone company, in July 2009. They were directed by Spike Jonze.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/spike-jonze-directed-softbank-commercial-starring-brad-pitt/|title=Spike Jonze-Directed Softbank Commercial Starring Brad Pitt|date=2 July 2009|work=Slashfilm|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>
==Personal life== Musashimaru became a Japanese citizen on January 22, 1996.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://konishiki.net/company/talents/musashimaru/|title=武蔵丸 光洋|work=Konishiki.net|language=Japanese|access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> He took his ''shikona'' as his legal name. In April 2008, he married a hula dance instructor from Tokyo and the wedding ceremony took place that August in Hawaii. The couple have one son, Joey, born on June 28, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.daily.co.jp/general/2014/06/30/0007100070.shtml|title=武蔵川親方に待望の第１子・男の子誕生|newspaper=Daily Sports|language=Japanese|date=30 June 2014|access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> Two of his nephews became wrestlers in his stable. The first, Fiamalu Musashimaru Penitani, turned professional in 2013 under the ''shikona'' (ring name) of Musashikuni before retiring in 2019. In October 2024, it was announced that Musashikuni's younger brother, Daniel Ailua, would also take the physical test at age 18 to become a professional wrestler, with his debut scheduled for January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/979003?rct=sumo |title=武蔵川親方のおいっ子ダニエルが新弟子検査を受検 「夢は親方と同じ横綱です」1年以上部屋で研修生活|publisher=Chunichi Sports|date=29 October 2024|accessdate=29 October 2024|language=ja}}</ref>
In April 2017, Musashimaru fell ill while golfing in Nara and underwent a kidney transplant, with his wife as the donor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/2017/04/18/sports/sports-breaking/former-hawaii-sumotori-musashimaru-and-akebono-hospitalized-in-japan/|title=Former Hawaii sumotori Musashimaru and Akebono hospitalized in Japan|last=Lewis|first=Ferd|date=18 April 2017|newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref>
==Fighting style== In addition to his great size and strength, Musashimaru had a low center of gravity and excellent balance, which made him very difficult to beat. Earlier in his career he favored pushing and thrusting (''tsuki''/''oshi'') techniques, but he also began to fight more on the ''mawashi'', simply wearing his smaller opponents out with his huge inertia. He usually used a ''migi-yotsu'' (left hand outside, right hand inside) grip. His most common winning technique or ''kimarite'' was ''oshidashi'' (push out), closely followed by ''yorikiri'' (force out). Together these two techniques accounted for about 60 percent of his career wins.
==Career record== {{Sumo record box start|Musashimaru Kōyō<ref>{{cite web | title=Musashimaru Koyo Rikishi Information | publisher=Sumo Reference | url=http://sumodb.sumogames.de/Rikishi.aspx?r=4| access-date=2012-07-25}}</ref>}} {{Sumo record year start link|1989}} {{Basho}} {{Basho}} {{Basho}} {{Basho}} {{Basho|MAEZUMOU}} {{Basho|jk|41|w|7|0<br>Champion}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1990}} {{Basho|jo|56|e|6|1}} {{Basho|sa|94|w|6|1}} {{Basho|sa|40|e|7|0|P<br>Champion}} {{Basho|ma|25|e|5|2}} {{Basho|ma|11|w|2|5}} {{Basho|ma|24|w|6|1}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1991}} {{Basho|ma|9|e|4|3}} {{Basho|ma|4|w|4|3}} {{Basho|ma|1|e|5|2}} {{Basho|j|11|e|11|4<br>Champion}} {{Basho|j|3|e|10|5}} {{Basho|m|12|e|11|4|||f}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1992}} {{Basho|m|3|e|9|6}} {{Basho|m|1|w|9|6}} {{Basho|k|2|w|8|7}} {{Basho|k|1|e|11|4||j|t}} {{Basho|s|1|w|10|5}} {{Basho|s|1|e|9|6}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1993}} {{Basho|s|2|e|10|5}} {{Basho|s|1|e|10|5}} {{Basho|s|1|e|9|6}} {{Basho|s|1|w|8|7}} {{Basho|s|1|e|8|7}} {{Basho|s|2|w|13|2|P|j|o}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1994}} {{Basho|s|1|e|12|3|||t}} {{Basho|o|2|w|9|6}} {{Basho|o|2|e|12|3||j}} {{Basho|o|1|w|15|0||y}} {{Basho|o|1|e|11|4}} {{Basho|o|2|w|12|3||j}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1995}} {{Basho|o|1|w|13|2|P|j}} {{Basho|o|1|e|12|3}} {{Basho|o|1|e|12|3}} {{Basho|o|1|e|12|3||j}} {{Basho|o|1|e|10|5}} {{Basho|o|1|e|10|5}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1996}} {{Basho|o|1|w|9|6}} {{Basho|o|1|w|9|6}} {{Basho|o|2|e|9|6}} {{Basho|o|2|e|10|5}} {{Basho|o|2|e|11|4||j}} {{Basho|o||w|11|4|PPP|y}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1997}} {{Basho|o|1|w|12|3}} {{Basho|o|1|w|12|3|P|j}} {{Basho|o|1|e|9|6}} {{Basho|o|1|w|10|5}} {{Basho|o|1|e|13|2|P|j}} {{Basho|o|1|e|12|3}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1998}} {{Basho|o|1|w|12|3||y}} {{Basho|o|1|e|8|7}} {{Basho|o|1|w|10|5}} {{Basho|o|1|w|12|3||j}} {{Basho|o|1|e|11|4}} {{Basho|o|1|e|11|4}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|1999}} {{Basho|o|1|e|8|7}} {{Basho|o|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Basho|o|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Basho|y|1|w|12|3}} {{Basho|y|1|w|12|3||y}} {{Basho|y|1|e|12|3||y}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|2000}} {{Basho|y|1|e|2|2|11}} {{Basho|y|2|e|11|4}} {{Basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=2|tozai=e}} {{Basho|y|2|e|10|5}} {{Basho|y|1|w|14|1||y}} {{Basho|y|1|e|11|4}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|2001}} {{Basho|y|1|w|14|1|P|j}} {{Basho|y|1|w|12|3||j}} {{Basho|y|1|w|13|2|P|j}} {{Basho|y|1|w|12|3||j}} {{Basho|y|1|e|9|6}} {{Basho|y|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|2002}} {{Basho|y|1|e|1|3|11}} {{Basho|y|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Basho|y|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Basho|y|1|e|10|5}} {{Basho|y|1|e|13|2||y}} {{Basho|y|1|e|4|2|9}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record year start link|2003}} {{Basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=1|tozai=e}} {{Basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=1|tozai=e}} {{Basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=1|tozai=w}} {{Basho|y|1|w|2|4|9}} {{Basho|KYUJO|rank=y|r-no=1|tozai=w}} {{Basho|INTAI|rank=y|tozai=w|r-no=1|win=3|loss=5}} {{Sumo record year end}} {{Sumo record box end}}
==See also== *List of yokozuna *List of sumo tournament top division champions *List of sumo tournament top division runners-up *List of sumo tournament second division champions *List of sumo record holders *Glossary of sumo terms *List of non-Japanese sumo wrestlers *List of heaviest sumo wrestlers *List of past sumo wrestlers *List of sumo elders
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{cite magazine|author=Yorinaga, Hiroaki|url=http://lookjapan.com/LBsc/99NovCul.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020504055715/http://lookjapan.com/LBsc/99NovCul.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2002-05-04|title=Much Ado about Musashimaru|magazine=Look Japan|date=November 1999}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Goo Sumo|36}}
{{Yokozuna box | previous = Wakanohana Masaru | number = 67th | active = 1999–2003 | next = Asashōryū Akinori}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musashimaru, Koyo}} Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:American emigrants to Japan Category:American people of German descent Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:Sportspeople of Portuguese descent Category:American people of Samoan descent Category:Sportspeople of Samoan descent Category:American people of Tongan descent Category:American sumo wrestlers Category:Japanese people of German descent Category:Japanese people of Portuguese descent Category:Japanese people of Samoan descent Category:Japanese people of Tongan descent Category:Japanese sumo wrestlers Category:Naturalized citizens of Japan Category:Wrestlers from Hawaii Category:Yokozuna Category:Samoan people of German descent Category:American people of German-Samoan descent