{{Short description|Monarch of Serbia from 1868 to 1889}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Milan I<br/>{{nobold|Милан I Обреновић}} | image = Exkönig Milan (Wiener Bilder 1901).png | succession = King of Serbia | reign = 6 March 1882 – 6 March 1889 | coronation = | predecessor = Himself as Prince of Serbia | successor = Alexander I | regent = {{collapsible list|title=''See list''|1={{ubl|Milan Piroćanac|Nikola Hristić|Milutin Garašanin|Jovan Ristić|Sava Grujić|Kosta Protić|Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac|Aćim Čumić|Danilo Stefanović|Stevča Mihailović|Ljubomir Kaljević}}}} | reg-type = {{nowrap|Prime Ministers}} | succession1 = Prince of Serbia | reign1 = 10 June 1868 – 6 March 1882 | predecessor1 = Mihailo Obrenović III | successor1 = Himself as King of Serbia | spouse = Natalia Keșco | issue = Alexander I<br/>Prince Sergei<br/>George Obrenovic {{small|(illegitimate)}} | house = Obrenović | father = Miloš J. Obrenović | mother = Marija Obrenović | birth_date = {{Birth date|1854|8|22|df=y}} | birth_place = Mărășești, Moldavia, Romania | death_date = {{Death date and age|1901|2|11|1854|8|22|df=y}} | death_place = Vienna, Austria-Hungary | burial_place = Krušedol Monastery, Serbia | signature = Milan I signature.svg | religion = Serbian Orthodox | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = Kingdom of Serbia | branch = Royal Serbian Army | service_years = 1900–1901 | rank = Army general<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biografija.org/istorija/milan-obrenovic/|title = Milan Obrenović Biografija|date = 6 July 2018}}</ref> | service_number = | unit = | commands = | battles_label = | battles = | awards = }} }} {{Infobox royal styles |image = 50px |royal name = Milan I of Serbia |dipstyle = His Majesty |offstyle = Your Majesty }}
'''Milan Obrenović IV''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Милан Обреновић|Milan Obrenović}}; 22 August 1854 – 11 February 1901) reigned as the Prince of Serbia from 10 June 1868 until 1882, and then King of Serbia, a title he held until his abdication on 6 March 1889.<ref>Ian D. Armour, "“Like the Lord Lieutenant of a county”: the Habsburg monarchy and Milan Obrenović of Serbia 1868–1881." ''Canadian Slavonic Papers'' 55.3-4 (2013): 305-342.</ref> Most important events during Milan's reign was the First and Second Serbian–Ottoman War and the Serbo-Bulgarian War. At the beginning of his reign, the Principality of Serbia was still de jure part of the Ottoman Empire, but became fully independent in 1878 with the Treaty of Berlin (1878). In 1882, the Principality was elevated to the status of a kingdom, and Milan became a king.
Milan abdicated the throne in 1889 and left Serbia, after which his son, Alexander I, became the second King of Serbia. After a few years, Milan returned to Serbia and in 1897 his son appointed him the commander-in-chief of the Royal Serbian Army. Milan did not approve his son's marriage to Queen Draga, so he left Serbia again in 1900 and died in exile in 1901.
==Early years==
===Birth and infancy in exile=== Milan Obrenović was born in 1854 in Mărășești in Moldavia,<ref name="Hall">{{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=Richard C. |title=War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia |date=2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781610690317 |page=209 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBXHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA209}}</ref> where his family had lived in exile ever since the return of the rival House of Karađorđević to the Serbian throne in 1842 when they managed to depose Milan's cousin Prince Mihailo Obrenović III.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
Milan was the son of {{ill|Miloš Obrenović (1829–1860)|sr|Милош Ј. Обреновић}} and of his Moldavian wife Marija Obrenović, née Elena Maria Catargiu. Milan's paternal grandfather (Miloš's father) was Jevrem Obrenović (1790–1856), brother of Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia from 1815 to 1839 and from 1858 to 1860. Milan was therefore Prince Miloš's grandnephew. He had only one sibling — his older sister Tomanija.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
In 1855, shortly after Milan's birth, his parents divorced. When Milan was aged 7, his father Miloš died on 20 November 1860 (or 1861) while fighting the Turks near Bucharest as a foreign mercenary in the Romanian Army, meaning that his mother Marija got legal custody. Marija, however, lived a lavish aristocratic lifestyle, soon becoming Romanian ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza's mistress and bearing him two sons — Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza (nicknamed Sașa) and Dimitrie. As a result, she showed little interest in her children from her previous marriage with Miloš. Therefore, an agreement was reached for young Milan to be legally adopted by his cousin Mihailo Obrenović, who in the meantime, following the 1858 expulsion of the House of Karađorđević, had returned to Serbia and had become the ruling prince in 1860.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
===Arriving in Serbia=== Milan was brought to Kragujevac by Prince Mihailo Obrenović III who also arranged for a governess to raise the youngster. Decades later, once Milan became a king, details of his mother's personal life were often used by his political opponents, notably People's Radical Party (NRS) leader Stojan Protić who went as far as making an untrue accusation in his paper ''Samouprava'' that King Milan's father was actually Alexandru Ioan Cuza, referring to King Milan pejoratively as Kuzić instead of Obrenović.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
After bringing his nephew to Serbia, Prince Mihailo also took care of the youngster's education, sending him to Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris where young Milan reportedly displayed considerable maturity.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
==Prince of Serbia (1868–1882)== [[File:KraljMilanObrenovic.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Prince Milan by Stevan Todorović, 1881]]
On 10 June 1868, when Milan was only fourteen years of age, Prince Mihailo Obrenović III was assassinated. As the late prince did not have any male heirs, the question of who was to succeed him on the Serbian throne became a pressing one. In the post-assassination chaos and the resulting power vacuum, influential senior statesman Ilija Garašanin re-emerged in Serbian political life, despite only eight months earlier being removed by the late prince from the post of Prime Minister of Serbia and replaced with Jovan Ristić. While consolidating forces within the state to prevent the conspirators from taking over the power, Garašanin also reportedly contemplated solving the throne issue by starting a third royal dynasty. General political consensus was that the new ruler should be selected by the Visoka narodna skupština (Grand National Assembly). However, cabinet minister Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac was rapidly increasing his power and influence. He had managed to consolidate his control over the army and stage a coup d'état. So when Blaznavac suggested the young Milan as the successor to Prince Mihailo, Garašanin had no choice but to yield to the more powerful authority.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
===Regency of Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac=== As Milan was still underage to rule on his own, a regency was established to rule in Milan's name. The three-man council was headed by Blaznavac. Statesman and historian Jovan Ristić and Jovan Gavrilović, a politician and historian from a wealthy merchant family rounded out the trio.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacKenzie |first1=David |title=Jovan Ristić: Outstanding Serbian Statesman |date=2006 |publisher=East European Monographs |isbn=9780880335836 |page=56}}</ref>
Young Milan was brought back to Serbia from Paris and enthroned in front of the Topčider assembly while the Blaznavac-controlled army surrounded the building just in case. Furthermore, a prominent Serb nobleman from Dubrovnik, Medo Pucić, was brought to Belgrade to serve as a teacher and adviser to the prince.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
Under Blaznavac's tutelage, both personally and politically, the prince deferred to the head of the regency council in all matters of state. Prince Milan did not benefit from a large inheritance from his wealthy family as all of Prince Mihailo's vast property went to Mihailo's sisters (Prince Miloš's daughters) Petrija's and Savka's children.<ref name="vreme-2009">[http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=850994 Milan i Artemiza];''Vreme'', 26 March 2009</ref> The only property young Prince Milan did inherit was his late father's compound in Mărășești that had an overwhelming amount of debt associated with it.<ref name="vreme-2009"/>
On 2 January 1869, the third Serbian constitution, mostly Ristić's creation, was promulgated.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
In 1871, the prince faced two separate incidents although it is unclear as to whether these were genuine attempts on his life. In May as he exited the National Theatre building, a bomb exploded a couple of hundred metres away on Terazije. Buried under a footpath, the exploded device didn't cause anyone injuries. At the time and there was speculation in Serbia that it was Blaznavac who had organised the explosion in order to scare and confuse the young prince who was nearing his age of majority into remaining reliant on Blaznavac. The event became known as the {{ill|Terazijska bomba|sr}} (Terazije Bomb) in the Serbian historiography.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} [[File:Kralj Milan I Obrenović 05.jpg|thumb|Milan Obrenovic IV in the uniform of the Serbian Army during the Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)]]
Several months later, on 6 October, Prince Milan was involved in another incident, this time during a visit to Smederevo. At some point, he went to an outhouse to relieve himself and while above the pit toilet, the wooden floor caved in under his weight and he fell into the pit. As he was armed at the time, the prince began shooting from his pistol in order get the attention of his entourage who rescued him. Historical accounts of the nature of this event differ. Historian Slobodan Jovanović thinks the occurrence was "likely coincidental".<ref name="blic-2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Reportaza/214491/Kralj-umalo-doziveo-bizaran-kraj |title=Kralj umalo doživeo bizaran kraj |website=Blic |date=31 October 2010}}</ref> On the other hand, historian Leontije Pavlović in his book ''Smederevo u XIX veku'' (Smederevo in the Nineteenth Century) states the conspirators doused the wooden floor with nitric acid that ate away at the planks. However, these claims couldn't be confirmed as he based them on an item from the historical archives that has since disappeared.<ref name="blic-2010"/> The entire episode is known as the {{ill|Smederevski nameštaj|sr}} (double meaning: The Smederevo Furniture or the Smederevo Setup).<ref name="blic-2010"/>
===Prince reaches the age of majority=== On 22 August 1872, Milan was declared of age, and he took government into his own hands. Eugene Schuyler, who observed him about this time, found him to be a very remarkable, singularly intelligent and well-informed young man. The Principality of Serbia was still a ''de jure'' part of the Ottoman Empire though in reality it already had long functioned as a semi-independent state whose politics and economy was much more dependent on other Great Powers, particularly Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire, than on its formal ruler, the declining Ottomans. Milan carefully maneuvred between the Austrian and Russian geopolitical interests in Serbia, with a judicious leaning towards the former.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
When Serbs from the neighbouring Bosnia Vilayet (also part of the Ottoman Empire, though more integrated and loyal due to its large Muslim population) began an uprising in July 1875 on the outskirts of Nevesinje, protesting the tax system as well as harsh treatment under local beys and aghas, Prince Milan condemned the uprising and refused to take part in it. The rival House of Karađorđević, whose members lived in exile across Europe, had a different approach, taking part in organising and implementing the uprising. Their actions included the 31-year-old Petar Karađorđević going to the Herzegovina region in order to fight under the pseudonym Petar Mrkonjić. As the uprising grew, spreading to the rest of Herzegovina and soon engulfing the entire Bosnia Vilayet, domestic pressure in the Serbian principality increased on young Prince Milan to help his Serb brethren.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
===Marriage=== [[File:King Milan and Queen Natalie of Serbia with their son, Prince Alexander297525-1340965335.jpg|thumb|King Milan and Queen Natalie of Serbia with Prince Alexander]]
Milan married Natalie Keshko on {{OldStyleDate|17 October|1875|5 October}} at the St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade, Serbia.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alimpije Vasiljević|author2=Radoš Ljušić|title=Moje uspomene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKAMAAAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Srpska književna zadruga|isbn=9788637901938|quote=Исте јесени, 5. октобра, беше у београдској Саборној цркви свечано венчање кнеза Милана са кнегињом, доцније краљи- цом Наталијом.}}</ref> Natalie, sixteen years of age, was the daughter of Bessarabian nobleman Petre Ivanovich Keschko, who served as a colonel in Imperial Russian Army. Natalie's mother, Pulcheria, was by birth Princess Sturdza, meaning that the couple were fairly close second cousins because Milan's mother Elena and Natalie's father Petre were the children of two sisters, meaning that Milan and Natalija shared a set of great-grandparents.<ref name="vreme-2009"/> This relation meant that their marriage had to be specifically approved by the church, namely Metropolitan Mihailo Jovanović, the Metropolitan of Belgrade, however, this wasn't done.<ref name="vreme-2009"/>
A son, Alexander, was born to Natalija and Milan in 1876, but their relationship showed signs of friction right from the start.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
===Serbian–Ottoman Wars=== It was under Milan's reign that the First Serbian–Ottoman War broke out, against his own personal preference, out of deference to public opinion. Meanwhile, the Karađorđević pretender, Peter, fought for the Serbs as a volunteer.{{sfn|Ward|Prothero|Leathes|1920|p=386}} The Serbian effort to invade Turkish territory was stopped to the east of Zaječar, while Turkish troops destroyed the strategic Serbian post of Knjaževac. Retreating Serbian troops were then defeated at Aleksinac. {{sfn|Ward|Prothero|Leathes|1920|p=386}} As the Serbian military situation became desperate Prince Milan asked for the Great Powers to intervene, and an armistice was granted by the Ottomans, but it fell apart in the wake of the Deligrad Event. {{sfn|Ward|Prothero|Leathes|1920|p=386}}
The resumed fighting went in favor of the Ottomans, and after the fall of Đunis, Ottoman troops began their march to Belgrade. It was at this point that the government of the Russian Empire intervened offering an ultimatum to the Porte to grant both Serbia and Montenegro an armistice within 48 hours or face Russian intervention. Such an armistice to last for two months was granted on November 1, 1876, and subsequently extended until March 1, 1877, when a definitive peace treaty was signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia. The treaty preserved the status quo ante bellum. Serbia gained no territory, but was not forced to cede anything either or pay a war indemnity. {{sfn|Ward|Prothero|Leathes|1920|p=386}}
At the end of the Second Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78), where Serbia was victorious, Europe's powers induced the Sublime Porte to acknowledge Serbian independence at the Treaty of Berlin.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
==King of Serbia (1882–1889)== On 6 March 1882, the Principality of Serbia was declared a kingdom and Milan was proclaimed King of Serbia.{{sfn|Trivanovitch|1931|p=?}}
Acting under Austro-Hungarian influence, King Milan devoted all his energies to the improvement of the means of communication and the development of natural resources. However, the cost of this, unduly increased by reckless extravagance, led to disproportionately heavy taxation. This, coupled with increased military service, rendered King Milan and the Austrian party unpopular.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} [[File:Stari dvor, oko 1926. godine.jpg|thumb|left|''Stari dvor'' in Belgrade, built by Milan I]] thumb|Seal of King Milan I thumb|Standard of King Milan I
Milan's political troubles were further increased by the defeat of the Serbians in the war against Bulgaria in 1885–1886. In September 1885, the union of Eastern Rumelia and Bulgaria caused widespread agitation in Serbia.{{sfn|Trivanovitch|1931|p=?}} Milan promptly declared war upon the new Bulgarian state on 15 November. After a short, decisive campaign, the Serbs were utterly routed at the Battle of Slivnitsa and at the Battle of Pirot. Milan's throne was only saved by the direct intervention of Austria-Hungary. Domestic difficulties now arose which rapidly assumed political significance.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
In his personal life, Milan was anything but a faithful husband, having an affair with most notably Jennie Jerome (wife of Lord Randolph Churchill and mother to Winston Churchill) among others, while Queen Natalija was greatly influenced by Russian sympathies. In 1886, the couple, mismatched both personally and politically, separated after eleven years of marriage.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
Natalija withdrew from the kingdom, taking with her the ten-year-old Prince Alexander (later King Alexander I). While she was residing at Wiesbaden in 1888, King Milan succeeded in recovering the crown prince, whom he undertook to educate. In reply to the queen's remonstrances, Milan exerted considerable pressure upon the Metropolitan of Belgrade, and procured a divorce, which was afterwards annulled as illegal. King Milan now seemed master of the situation.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
On 3 January 1889, Milan adopted a new constitution much more liberal than the existing one of 1869. Two months later, on 6 March, thirty-four-year-old Milan suddenly abdicated the throne, handing it over to his twelve-year-old son.<ref name="Hall" /> No satisfactory reason was assigned for this step. Milan settled in Paris as a private individual.<ref name="Hall" />
In 2020, a number of letters written in French by King Milan were discovered. In the letters, Milan advised his son how to rule and gave critical comments on political figures of his time, such as PM Nikola Pašić.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/456283/Nepoznati-delovi-kraljevih-pisama|title=Непознати делови краљевих писама|last=Васиљевић|first=Бранка|website=Politika Online|access-date=2020-06-18}}</ref>
==Post-monarchical role== In February 1891, a Radical ministry was formed. Queen Natalija and the ex-Metropolitan Mihailo returned to Belgrade, and Austrian influence began to give way to Russian. Fear of a revolution and King Milan's return led to a compromise, by which, in May 1891, the queen was expelled, and Milan was allowed a million francs from the civil list, on condition of not returning to Serbia during his son's minority.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
In March 1892, Milan renounced all his rights and even his Serbian nationality. The situation altered dramatically, however, after the young Alexander I had effected his ''coup d'etat'' and taken the government into his own hands in April 1893. Serbian politics began to grow more complicated, and Russian influence was rife. In January 1894, Milan suddenly appeared in Belgrade, and his son gladly welcomed his experience and advice.<ref name="Hall" /> thumb|Tomb of Milan I, at Krušedol monastery
On 29 April, a royal decree reinstated Milan and Natalija, who in the meantime had become ostensibly reconciled, in their positions as members of the royal family.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} On 21 May, the constitution of 1869 was restored, and Milan continued to exercise considerable influence over his son. The queen, who had been residing chiefly at Biarritz, returned to Belgrade in May 1895, after four years of absence, and was greeted by the populace with great enthusiasm. At this, the ex-king Milan again left the country.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
After reconciliation with his son, Milan returned to Serbia in 1897, to be appointed as commander-in-chief of the Royal Serbian Army. In this capacity, he did some of the best work of his life, and his success in improving the Serbian military system was very marked. His relations with the young king also remained good for a time.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} The Serbian pro-Democratic opposition blamed him for the increasingly authoritarian rule of the young King, and a member of the Radical Party attempted to kill him on {{OldStyleDate|6 July|1899|24 June}}, on the Orthodox holiday of Ivanjdan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
The good relations between father and son were interrupted, however, by the latter's marriage to Draga Mašin in July 1900. Milan opposed the match to the point that he resigned his post as commander-in-chief.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} Alexander subsequently banished Milan from Serbia. Milan left Serbia to Karlsbad, then to Timișoara and finally retired to Vienna.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} On 11 February 1901, Milan died unexpectedly. He was buried in Krušedol monastery, next to his grandaunt Princess Ljubica, Prince Miloš's wife.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
== Honours == He received the following orders and decorations:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|pages=259–272}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=25em| * 50px Order of the Cross of Takovo, Serbia * 50px Order of the Cross of Takovo, with Swords, Serbia * 50px Order of the White Eagle, Serbia * 50px Order of St. Sava, Serbia * 50px Military Merit medal, Serbia * 50px Commemorative medal of the Serbo-Bulgarian War, Serbia * 50px Order of St. Andrew, Russia * 50px Order of St. Stanislaus, Russia * 50px Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Russia * 50px Order of St. Anna, Russia * 50px Imperial Order of the White Eagle, Russia * 50px Order of St. George, Russia * 50px Order of the Seraphim, Sweden * 50px Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Italy * 50px Legion of Honour, France * 50px Royal Order of Kalākaua, Kingdom of Hawaii * 50px Royal Order of Kamehameha I, Kingdom of Hawaii<ref>[https://www.nacionalnarevija.com/en/tekstovi/br%2050/07%20Havaji.html Nacionalnarevija]</ref> * 50px Order of Albert the Bear, Duchy of Anhalt<ref>''[https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11040880?page=36 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt]'' (1883), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 16</ref> * 50px Order of St. Stephen, Austria-Hungary * 50px Order of Franz Joseph, Austria-Hungary * 50px Imperial Order of Leopold, Austria-Hungary * 50px Order of St. Hubert, Kingdom of Bavaria * 50px Order of Leopold, Belgium * 50px Order of Henry the Lion, Duchy of Brunswick * 50px Order of St. Alexander, Kingdom of Bulgaria * 50px Order of Military Merit * 50px Order of the Elephant, Denmark * 50px Ludwig Order, Grand Duchy of Hesse * 50px Order of the Redeemer, Kingdom of Greece * 50px House Order of the Wendish Crown, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin * 50px Order of St. Charles, Monaco * 50px Order of Prince Danilo I, Principality of Montenegro * 50px Order of the Netherlands Lion, Netherlands * 50px House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg * 50px Order of the Lion and the Sun, Persian Empire * 50px Sash of the Two Orders, Kingdom of Portugal<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Oliviera|first1=Humberto Nuno de|date=2010|title=Subsídio para a história das relações bilaterais entre Portugal ea Sérvia|url=http://revistas.lis.ulusiada.pt/index.php/lh/article/download/1550/1663|trans-title=Subsidy for the History of Bilateral relations between Portugal and Serbia|journal=Lusíada História |volume=2 |number=7 |page=449 |issn=0873-1330 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> * 50px Order of the Black Eagle, Kingdom of Prussia<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste|journal=Preussische Ordens-Liste|volume=1|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|pages=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=17&skin=2021 9], [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=34&skin=2021 26]|language=German|location=Berlin|year=1886|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref> * 50px Order of the Red Eagle, Kingdom of Prussia<ref name="prus"/> * 50px Order of the Star of Romania, Kingdom of Romania * 50px Ribbon for Military Virtue of Romania, Kingdom of Romania * 50px Saxe-Ernestine House Order, Saxe-Meiningen * 50px Order of the White Falcon, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach * 50px Order of the Rue Crown, Kingdom of Saxony * 50px Order of Charles III, Spain * 50px Order of Osmanieh, Ottoman Empire * 50px Order of the Württemberg Crown, Württemberg * 50px Order of the Orthodox Church of Jerusalem }}
== In popular culture == {{Commons category|Milan I of Serbia}} *In 1983 film ''Timok Rebellion'', Milan I was portrayed by actor Danilo Lazović.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086444/ Timok Rebellion] on IMDB</ref><ref>{{YouTube|Gd_QJU9Vwyg|Timok Rebellion}} Film</ref> *In 1995 TV miniseries ''The End of Obrenović Dynasty'', Milan I was portrayed by actor Aleksandar Berček.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0191699 The End of Obrenović Dynasty] on IMDB</ref> *In 2003 TV film ''Ilka'', Milan I was portrayed by actor Ljubomir Bandović.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0370769 Ilka] on IMDB</ref><ref>{{YouTube|jOf8Hx0A2c8|Ilka}} TV Film</ref> *In 2008 TV miniseries ''The Last Audience'', Milan I was portrayed by actor Boris Milojević.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1213888/ The Last Audience] on IMDB</ref> *''Albatross'', a television film based on the biography of Milan I and directed by Filip Cholovitch, was produced in 2011 by the Serbian broadcasting service RTS.<ref>{{YouTube|32mk_lwwOUw |Albatross}} TV Film</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==Sources== * {{EB1911|wstitle=Milan Obrenovich IV.|volume=18|last= Chisholm |first= Hugh |author-link= Hugh Chisholm |pages=441–442|short=1}}; the original source for the text of this article * {{cite journal|last=Armour|first=Ian D.|title=“Like the Lord Lieutenant of a county”: the Habsburg monarchy and Milan Obrenović of Serbia 1868–1881|journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers|volume=55|issue=3-4|year=2013|pp=305-342}} * {{cite journal|last=Armour|first=Ian D.|title=“Put Not Your Trust in Princes”: The Habsburg Monarchy and Milan Obrenović of Serbia 1881–1885|journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers|volume=56|issue=3-4|year=2014|pp=201-237}} * {{cite book|last=Baranin|first=Dušan|title=Milan Obrenović: kralj Srbije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0gKAQAAIAAJ|year=1977|publisher=V. Karadžić}} * {{cite book|last=Jovanović|first=Slobodan|title=Vlada Milana Obrenovića: 1878-1889|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3J0pAQAAIAAJ|year=1927|publisher=Izdavačka knjižarnica Gece Kona}} * {{cite book|last=Nikolajević|first=Dušan S.|title=Kralj Milan i Timočka buna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJ7mtZV0cW0C|year=1927|publisher=Narodna misao}} * {{cite book|last=Rastović|first=Aleksandar|title=Велика Британија и Србија (1878-1889)|trans-title=Great Britain and Serbia (1878-1889)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK4ACgAAQBAJ|year=2000|publisher=Istorijski institut|isbn=978-86-355-0463-6}} * {{cite book|last=Sretenović|first=Vukadin|title=Kralj Milan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKEMAAAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=NIGP "Glas"}} * {{cite journal|last=Terzić|first=Predrag|title=King Milan Obrenović: Among the Political Elite, the Masses and Great Powers|journal=Serbian Political Thought|volume=18|issue=2|year=2018|pp=141-159}} * {{cite journal|last=Trivanovitch|first=Vaso|title=Serbia, Russia, and Austria during the Rule of Milan Obrenovich, 1868-78|journal=Journal of Modern History|volume=3|issue=3|year=1931|pp=414-440}} [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1874957 Online] * {{cite book |editor-last=Ward |editor-first=A.W. |editor-last2=Prothero |editor-first2=G.W. |editor-last3=Leathes |editor-first3=Stanely |title=The Cambridge Modern History |publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=12|date=1920 |isbn=}}
{{s-start}} {{s-hou|Obrenović dynasty|22 August|1854|11 February|1901}} {{s-reg}} {{s-bef|before=Mihailo Obrenović III}} {{s-ttl|title=Prince of Serbia|years=10 June 1868 – 6 March 1882}} {{s-non|reason=Became king}} {{s-new}} {{s-ttl|title=King of Serbia|years=6 March 1882 – 6 March 1889}} {{s-aft|after=Alexander I}} {{s-end}}
{{Serbian monarchs}} {{Heads of state of Serbia}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Milan 01 Of Serbia}} Category:1854 births Category:1901 deaths Category:People from Mărășești Category:Obrenović dynasty Category:Kings of Serbia Category:Serbian people of Romanian descent Obrenovic IV, Milan Category:Child monarchs from Europe Category:Monarchs who abdicated Category:People of the Serbo-Bulgarian War Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni Category:People of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Austria-Hungary Category:Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) <!-- Honours --> Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Franz Joseph Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 2 2 Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia) Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class