{{short description|English sailor, navigator and author}} {{about||the American football player|Mike Richey}} {{Use British English|date=September 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}} {{Infobox person |name = Michael Richey |image = |caption = |alt = |birth_name = Michael William Dugdale Mills Richey |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1917|7|6}} |birth_place = Eastbourne, East Sussex |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2009|12|22|1917|7|6}} |death_place = Brighton, East Sussex, England |other_names = Mike Richey |occupation = Navigator, director of the Royal Institute of Navigation (1947–1982) |known_for = Oldest sailor to cross the Atlantic single-handed }} '''Michael William Dugdale Mills Richey''' MBE (6 July 1917 – 22 December 2009) was an English sailor and navigator, and an author and editor of books and journals about navigation. His first publication, an article about his experiences in a shipwreck, was awarded the first John Llewellyn Rhys Prize in 1942.
Richey was known as a passionate sailor and regular participant at the Observer Single-handed Trans-Atlantic Race (OSTAR) organised every four years by the Royal Western Yacht Club of England. He started in each of these races between 1968 and 1996 with his small yacht ''Jester''. Finishing his last competition in 1996 at the age of 80 he achieved an entry in the ''Guinness Book of World Records'' as the oldest man to cross the Atlantic as a solo sailor.
== Life == Michael Richey<ref>for exact name and biographical data s. Kai Easton: ''[http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11615/ Travels with Mike: from HMS Goodwill to Yacht Jester]'', presentation to the conference ''[http://www.postcards-letters.org.uk/index.php/picturethis/pt Picture this: postcards and letters beyond text] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925142739/http://www.postcards-letters.org.uk/index.php/picturethis/pt |date=25 September 2015 }}'', 24 to 26 March 2011 at the University of Sussex (unpublished); retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> was born at Eastbourne, East Sussex, in 1917 as the second son of George and Adelaide Richey, one year after his brother Paul (1916–1989).<ref>Jimmy Burns: ''[http://www.jimmy-burns.com/journalism/latest-journalism/tribute-to-michael-richey/ Tribute to Michael Richey]'', first published in The Tablet, 21 January 2010; biographical data of Paul Richey. Goodreads entry ''[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1188922.Paul_Richey Paul Richey]''; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> After leaving school in 1935 at Downside School, a Catholic boarding school of the Benedictine Downside Abbey, Richey first planned to become a monk. Richey indeed spent a short time at the Trappist monastery on Caldey Island, but did not pursue this intention. Instead, the following three years he lived and worked in the Catholic artist's community of the sculptor Eric Gill at Speen near High Wycombe.<ref>Georgetown University Librarie (no author stated, probably by Nicholas Scheetz): ''[http://findingaids.library.georgetown.edu/repositories/15/resources/10127#notes The Michael Richey Papers, Biographical note]''; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
At the outbreak of World War II, Richey volunteered, despite his pacifist stance, for military service in the Royal Navy. Richey first served on a minesweeper of the Royal Naval Patrol Service, HMS ''Goodwill''. After the sinking of the ship because of a bombardment by German torpedoes, Richey processed the existential experience of life risk in a short story, entitled "Sunk by a mine, a Survivor's Story". The war censorship in Britain prohibited the publication of this narrative, but it was published in the magazine of ''The New York Times'' in 1941 and from there it moved back to the UK, where in 1942 this story was awarded the first John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for young writers. Any literary appreciation for Richey, however, did not materialize, and he himself had no literary ambitions later.<ref name="georgetown1">Georgetown University Library (no author stated, probably by Nicholas Scheetz): ''[http://findingaids.library.georgetown.edu/repositories/15/resources/10127#notes The Michael Richey Papers, Biographical note]''; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> Only to celebrate his 80th birthday in 1997 was another literary work by Richey, entitled "A taste of the Antarctic", published and privately printed by Nicholas Scheetz.<ref>Scheetz was responsible as a librarian for the archiving and management of manuscript collections at the library of Georgetown University in Washington, DC, s Kai Easton, Appendix to ''[http://www.jesterinfo.org/atributetomikekaieaston.html A Tribute to Michael Richey]'', jesterinfo.org 26 August 2010; retrieved 28 October 2018. ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105190247/http://www.jesterinfo.org/atributetomikekaieaston.html |date=5 November 2017 |title=Archived}}.)</ref> These are travel records Richey wrote in 1943 as navigation assistant on the auxiliary cruiser {{MV|Carnarvon Castle}} on a ride in the South Atlantic.<ref name=OSUcat/>
In further missions on various ships of the British Navy and the Free French Naval Forces Richey increasingly acquired experience as a navigator, and finally completed a training as navigation specialist at the Royal Navy's Maritime Warfare School {{HMS|Dryad|shore establishment|6}}.<ref name="georgetown1"/> After the war he established the newly created Royal Institute of Navigation (RIN) in London,<ref>Royal Institute of Navigation: ''[https://rin.org.uk/page/Our_History Our History]''; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> which he served as managing director (initially entitled "Chief Secretary", later "Director") from 1947 up to the end of his professional career in 1982. In 1948 Richey founded the Journal of Navigation, which he headed as editor until 1985 and in which appeared most of his own articles on navigation.<ref>Graham Cox: ''[http://www.junkrigassociation.org/Resources/Documents/Hall%20of%20Fame/Hall%20of%20Fame%20-%20Mike%20Richey.pdf JRA Hall of Fame. Mike Richey (1917–2009)]'', Website Junkrig Association; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
Richey died of a heart attack at his home in Brighton, East Sussex, at the age of 92.<ref>''Death of solo sailing legend'' (no author stated), ''Yachting Monthly'' 12/2009 ([http://www.yachtingmonthly.com/news/death-of-solo-sailing-legend-8182 online-archive, 24 December 2009]; retrieved 28 October 2018).</ref>
== Sailing == After 1948 Richey started sailing races, initially as a navigator on the boats of others.<ref>Herb McCormick: "Last but not least", ''Cruising World'' 23/2 February 1997, p 30 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo9Kw2sX9sC&pg=PP200 digitized]; retrieved 28 October 2018).</ref> In 1964 he acquired a small junk rigged boat, a converted Nordic Folkboat named ''Jester'' from Herbert "Blondie" Hasler, the co-founder of the OSTAR competition. With this boat, Richey henceforth "succeeded" in an unusual manner as a solo sailor. The previous owner Hasler had already participated with ''Jester'' on the first two OSTAR races in 1960 and 1964 from Plymouth in southern England to the eastern coast of the United States, still with the intention of winning the race.<ref>Graham Cox: ''[http://www.junkrigassociation.org/Resources/Documents/Hall%20of%20Fame/Hall%20of%20Fame%20-%20Blondie.pdf JRA Hall of Fame. Blondie Hasler (1914–1987)]'', Junkrig Association; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
Richey continued these trips, even if he – not participating in the increasing mechanization and professionalisation of the sport – never had a chance to win the OSTAR race. On the contrary, he failed on the way (three of his eight Regatta participations) or he reached the destination at Newport, Rhode Island several weeks later than the winning boat, being the last or second last of the starting field. However, by Richey's Atlantic crossings ''Jester'' became "something of a national sailing symbol in Britain".<ref>Herb McCormick: "Last but not Least". In: ''Cruising World'' 23/2, February 1997, p 30 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo9Kw2sX9sC&pg=PP200 digitized]; retrieved 28 October 2018).</ref>
Two problematic accidents could not keep him away from participating in the OSTAR race. On the return journey from the US coast in 1986 Richey came into a heavy storm, but was saved along with the boat.<ref>s. literary description of the accident and the rescue: ''[http://www.jesterinfo.org/jestersultimatestorm.html Jester's ultimate Storm]'', jesterinfo.org ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105190257/http://www.jesterinfo.org/jestersultimatestorm.html |date=5 November 2017 |title=Archived}}). First published in: {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0373463300000394 | volume=40 | title=Jester's Ultimate Storm | journal=Journal of Navigation | year=1987 | pages=149–157| last1=Richey | first1=Michael | issue=2 | s2cid=140578643 }}</ref> In the following OSTAR Regatta 1988, ''Jester'' was so badly damaged in a storm that Richey finally had to abandon the boat. He commented the loss as follows: "For me, it was an occasion of immeasurable sadness which I found great difficulty getting over".<ref>quoted from William Sisson, ''[http://www.soundingsonline.com/component/content/article/392-jan-8/248192-sailing-alone-but-never-lonely Sailing alone, but never lonely]''. soundingsonline.com, 12 January 2010; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
Richey's friends subsequently collected money in order to provide a replica true to the original, and with this new ''Jester'' he took part in the following two races in 1992 and in 1996, finishing again as last participant within the time limit. After his last arrival in England – on the way back in 1997 Richey celebrated his 80th birthday – he still had an achievement to celebrate with ''Jester'', gaining a certificate of entry in the ''Guinness Book of World Records'' as the oldest man to cross the Atlantic alone in a boat.<ref>''[http://www.yachtingmonthly.com/news/death-of-solo-sailing-legend-8182 Death of solo sailing legend]'' (no author stated), ''Yachting Monthly'', 24 December 2009; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
Richey participated at the OSTAR regattas in unbroken succession from 1968 to 1996. In eight appearances with his small yacht ''Jester'', he is still (as of 2016) the sailor with the second most competition participations.<ref>[http://ostar.rwyc.org/?page_id=2201 List of participants ("Half Crown Club Members")], Royal Western Yacht Club of England; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> A single other sailor surpassed him: Peter Crowther participated in 2013 for the ninth time and thus became the sole record holder.<ref>Jill Southwood: ''[http://ostar.rwyc.org/?p=3786 The Veteran Corinthian Peter Crowther – Suomi Kudu]'', Royal Western Yacht Club of England, 28 June 2013; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
=== Placements in the OSTAR regattas 1968–1996 === Richey's rankings, eight OSTAR-participations with ''Jester'':<ref>Data in this section follow the information by the Royal Western Yacht Club of England; see [http://ostar.rwyc.org/?page_id=2730 starters and results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326034743/http://ostar.rwyc.org/?page_id=2730 |date=26 March 2016 }}; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
* 1968: 18th place – 18 of 35 participants started in Plymouth and reached the port of destination in Newport * 1972: 39th place – 40 of 55 participants reached the destination in time (furthermore 3 boats outside time limit) * 1976: Retiring from race after start, instead Trip to Ireland – 73 of 125 participants reached the destination in time (furthermore 5 boats outside time limit) * 1980: Unranked, arrival at destination outside time limit – 72 of 90 participants reached the destination in time (furthermore 2 boats outside time limit) * 1984: Retiring from race at Halifax after damage to sail – 64 of 91 participants reached the destination in time * 1988: Retiring from race, loss of ''Jester'' in rough weather – 73 of 95 participants reached the destination in time * 1992: 54th place – 54 of 76 participants reached the destination in time * 1996: 42nd place – 42 of 53 participants reached the destination in time
== Awards == * 1942 – John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for "Sunk by a Mine. A Survivor's Story." * 1979 – Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of Navigation<ref>this and the following awards, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with Graham Cox: ''[http://www.junkrigassociation.org/Resources/Documents/Hall%20of%20Fame/Hall%20of%20Fame%20-%20Mike%20Richey.pdf JRA Hall of Fame. Mike Richey (1917 - 2009)]'', ''Junkrig Association''; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> * 1986 – Seamanship Medal of the Royal Cruising Club * 1993 – Award of Merit of the Ocean Cruising Club' * 2000 – Appointed Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Navigation (ION)<ref>''[https://www.ion.org/awards/2000-ionfellow-Richey.cfm 2000 Fellow. Presented to: Mr. Michael W. Richey (Honorary Fellow)]'', ION; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> * 2003 – Necho Award of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN)<ref>''[http://iainav.org/iain-awards.html Awards]'', IAIN; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
== Publications == * ''Sunk by a Mine. A Survivor's Story.'' The New York Times, Section Magazine, Page SM5, 11 May 1941<ref>''[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9902E5D6153AE33BBC4952DFB366838A659EDE# Sunk by a Mine]'' (restricted access); retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> ** Reprinted by the Australian weekly The Western Mail (Perth), 28 August 1941, p 3 and p 71 ([http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37932330 digitised at the National Library of Australia]; retrieved 28 October 2018.) * with E. G. R. Taylor: ''The Geometrical Seaman. A book of early nautical instruments.'' Hollis & Carter, London 1962 * as editor: ''The Shell Encyclopedia of Sailing''. Stanford Maritime, London 1980, {{ISBN|978-0-54007-193-7}} ** also as: ''The Sailing Encyclopedia''. Lippincott & Crowell, New York 1980, {{ISBN|978-0-69001-922-3}} * ''A taste of the Antarctic''. Introduction by Libby Purves. Yonno Press, Williamston NC 1997 (travel records from 1943, privately printed, ordered by Nicholas Scheetz on the occasion of Richey's 80th, an edition of 80 copies)<ref name=OSUcat>[http://library.ohio-state.edu/search/o63113886 catalog entry, Richey, Michael W.: A taste of the Antarctic] at Ohio State University Library; retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref>
Richey regularly had articles published in the ''Journal of Navigation'' about sailing experiences with ''Jester''; the following article on his serious accident in 1986 may stand as an example: * ''Jester’s ultimate Storm'', Journal of Navigation 40/02, May 1987, pp 149–157, {{doi|10.1017/S0373463300000394}}. Published online at jesterinfo.org: {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105190257/http://www.jesterinfo.org/jestersultimatestorm.html |date=5 November 2017 |title=''Jester’s ultimate Storm''}}.
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * Herb McCormick: ''Last but not Least''. ''Cruising World'' 23/2, February 1997, pp 28–36 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo9Kw2sX9sC&pg=RA1-PA28 digitized version online]; retrieved 28 October 2018.) * ''Death of solo sailing legend'' (no author stated). ''Yachting Monthly'' 12/2009 ([http://www.yachtingmonthly.com/news/death-of-solo-sailing-legend-8182 Online-archive, 24 December 2009]; retrieved 28 October 2018). * Jim Flannery: ''Gentleman sailor, master navigator''. ''Soundings'' 3/2010, ([http://www.soundingsonline.com/news/coastwise/250182-gentleman-sailor-master-navigator Online, 5 March 2010]; retrieved 28 October 2018).
== External links == * Collection of correspondence archived at Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.C.: ** ''[http://findingaids.library.georgetown.edu/repositories/15/resources/10127 The Michael Richey Papers]'', Booth Family Special Collections Research Center; retrieved 28 October 2018. ** ''[http://findingaids.library.georgetown.edu/repositories/15/resources/10230 The Michael Richey Papers Part 2]'', Booth Family Special Collections Research Center; retrieved 28 October 2018. * Graham Cox: ''[http://www.junkrigassociation.org/Resources/Documents/Hall%20of%20Fame/Hall%20of%20Fame%20-%20Mike%20Richey.pdf JRA Hall of Fame. Mike Richey (1917-2009).]'' junkrigassociation.org; retrieved 28 October 2018. * William Sisson: ''[http://www.soundingsonline.com/component/content/article/392-jan-8/248192-sailing-alone-but-never-lonely Sailing alone, but never lonely]''. soundingsonline.com, 12 January 2010; retrieved 28 October 2018.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Richey, Michael}} Category:1917 births Category:2009 deaths Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:20th-century English writers Category:John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winners Category:Maritime writers Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II Category:People from Eastbourne Category:English male sailors (sport) Category:Single-handed sailors Category:People educated at Downside School Category:20th-century English sportsmen