Caldey Island

{{Short description|Island in Pembrokeshire, Wales}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Use British English|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox UK place | country = Wales | welsh_name = Ynys Bŷr | official_name = Caldey Island | constituency_welsh_assembly = [[Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire (Assembly constituency)|Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire]] | coordinates = {{coord|51.64|-4.69|display=inline,title}} | static_image_name = South Coast of Caldey Island. - geograph.org.uk - 113045.jpg | static_image_caption = The south coast of Caldey Island | lieutenancy_wales = [[Dyfed]] | unitary_wales = [[Pembrokeshire]] | community_wales = [[Tenby]] | population = 40 | population_ref = (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126279&c=SA70+7SX&d=16&e=62&g=6491739&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1429536416516&enc=1|title=Community population 2011|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143425/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126279&c=SA70+7SX&d=16&e=62&g=6491739&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1429536416516&enc=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | post_town = TENBY | postcode_district = SA70 | postcode_area = SA | dial_code = 01834 }} [[File:Caldey Island Map.png|thumb|Map of Caldey Island]] [[File:The Caldey Stone, Caldey Island - geograph.org.uk - 590547.jpg|thumb|Caldey [[Ogham]] Stone, 6th century]] {{Infobox UK legislation | short_title = Caldey Island Act 1990 | type = Act | parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom | long_title = An Act to provide for the islands of Caldey and St. Margaret's in the county of Dyfed to be included in the district of South Pembrokeshire for the purposes of local, parliamentary and European elections and for the purposes of local taxation; to include those islands in the districts of the Pembrokeshire coroner and the Pembrokeshire Health Authority; and for connected purposes. | year = 1990 | citation = 1990 c. 44 | introduced_commons = | introduced_lords = | territorial_extent = | royal_assent = 1 November 1990 | commencement = | expiry_date = | repeal_date = | amends = | replaces = | amendments = | repealing_legislation = | related_legislation = | status = | legislation_history = | theyworkforyou = | millbankhansard = | original_text = | revised_text = | use_new_UK-LEG = | UK-LEG_title = Caldey Island Act 1990 | collapsed = yes }}

'''Caldey Island''' ([[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Ynys Bŷr'') is a small island near [[Tenby]], [[Pembrokeshire]], [[Wales]], less than {{convert|1|mi}} off the coast.{{sfn|Hastings|2000|p=64}} With a [[recorded history]] going back over 1,500 years, it is one of the holy islands of Britain. A number of traditions inherited from [[Celts|Celtic]] times are observed by the [[Cistercians|Cistercian monks]] of [[Caldey Abbey]], the owners of the island.<ref name=Celtic>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caldey-island.co.uk/ | title= Caldey Island|access-date=5 May 2013|publisher=Caldey Island.co.uk}}</ref>

The island's population consists of about 40 permanent residents and a varying number of Cistercian monks,<ref name=Fire>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-22572522|title= Caldey Island monks and residents get new 999 vehicle|access-date=5 June 2013|work=BBC News}}</ref> known as [[Trappists]]. The monks' predecessors migrated there from Belgium in the early 20th century, taking over from [[Order of St Benedict (Anglican)|Anglican Benedictines]] who had bought the island in 1906 and built the extant monastery and abbey but later got into financial difficulties.<ref name=Brit>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89299/Caldey-Island|title=Caldey Island|access-date=6 June 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Today, the monks of Caldey Abbey rely on tourism and making perfumes and chocolate.

The usual access to the island is by boat from [[Tenby Harbour]], {{convert|2.5|mi}} to the north. In the spring and summer, visitors are ferried to Caldey, not only to visit the sacred sanctuary but also to view the island's rich wildlife.<ref name="Howells2011">{{cite book|author=Christopher Howells|title=Caldey Island: The Story of a Holy Island|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRN7AQAACAAJ|access-date=5 June 2013|date=March 2011|publisher=Graffeg|isbn=978-1-905582-14-3}}</ref> Following a rat eradication programme, red squirrels were introduced in 2016. Alongside rare breed sheep and cattle, the island has a diverse bird and plant life.

== Name origins == The island was named ''Ynys Bŷr'' after [[Saint Pyr]], the 6th-century saint,{{sfn|Royal|1977|p=37}} and Pyr is named as abbot of the monastery around the year 500 in the ''Life of St Samson''. This [[Welsh language|Welsh]] name has remained in use since medieval times, but the [[Old Welsh]] name of the island before St Pyr's day is unknown.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thomas|first1=Charles|title=Lundy's Lost Name (Island Studies (1997))|url=http://www.lundy.org.uk/download/is/LFS_Island_Studies_Thomas-Name.pdf|website=Lundy.Org|access-date=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013081722/http://www.lundy.org.uk/download/is/LFS_Island_Studies_Thomas-Name.pdf|archive-date=13 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Like those of many Welsh islands, Caldey's English name (sometimes spelled ''Caldy'') derives from the [[Vikings]]. ''Kald ey'' translates as "cold island", with the name appearing as 'Caldea' in the early 12th century, and Kaldey or Caldey by 1291.{{sfn|Manwaring|2008|p=71}} On an [[Ordnance Survey]] map revised in 1948 it appears as ''Caldy Island''. This OS spelling was revised to ''Caldey Island'' by 1982.

== History == ===Pre-history=== [[File:Caldey Island Monastery Reflected in the Pond. - geograph.org.uk - 113053.jpg|thumb|Caldey Island monastery, reflected in the pond]] Three caves have been discovered on the island and excavated to unearth archaeological finds: Nanna's Cave,{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=237}} Potter's Cave (1950) and Ogof-yr-Ychen ("Ox cave", 1970).{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=56}} In Nanna's Cave, human bones and shells were first found in 1911 and excavations continued in three more stages until the 1970s.{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=237}} Potter's Cave was found in 1950 by a monk named James Van Nedervelde, and excavations, which continued until 1970, initially revealed [[stalagmite]]s in which tools and animals were embedded. After removal of these finds, three human skeletons were found and carbon dated: two were dated to the [[Mesolithic|Middle Stone Age]] and one to the Romano–British period. Also found were a few artefacts from the late [[Upper Paleolithic]] period. In Ogof–yr-Ychen, the bones of humans whose burials date between 7590 BC and 5710 BC were found.{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=21}} [[Stable isotope ratio]] tests revealed that they lived on marine food.{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=56}} A very few earlier neolithic bowls and shells have also been found in the caves. All the finds were carbon dated and have been preserved in the Abbey of Caldey Island or in [[Tenby Museum and Art Gallery]].{{Sfn|Burrow|2003|p=237}}

===Recorded history=== [[File:CaldeyIslandPriory.JPG|thumb|Caldey Island Priory]] A [[Celtic monastery]] was first established on the island in the 6th century, and the island thrived during the [[Middle Ages]].{{sfn|Williams|2001|p=294}}<ref name=Island>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caldey-island.co.uk/|title=Caldey Island Pembrokeshire Wales|access-date=5 May 2013|publisher= Caldey-island.co.uk}}</ref> Following the Norman Conquest, [[Robert fitz Martin]], Lord of [[Cemais (Dyfed)|Cemais]], gave the island to his mother Geva.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cistercian Way - Caldey Island|url=http://cistercian-way.newport.ac.uk/place.asp?PlaceID=101|access-date=7 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133416/http://cistercian-way.newport.ac.uk/place.asp?PlaceID=101|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> In the 12th century, [[Caldey Priory]] (now a Grade I [[listed building]]<ref>{{National Historic Assets of Wales|num=5932 |desc=Caldey Priory, including church and monastery remains |grade=I |access-date=21 July 2019 }}</ref>) was established by Tironensian monks as a daughter house of [[St Dogmaels Abbey]], and lasted to the [[dissolution of the monasteries]] in 1536.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caldey (Priory)|url=http://www.monasticwales.org/browsedb.php?func=showsite&siteID=19|website=Monastic Wales|access-date=23 April 2015}}</ref>

The north side of Caldey Island is made up of grey [[limestone]], a desirable building material.{{sfn|Huntington|1908|p=323}} The 19th century seems to have been the height of limestone quarrying on the island; some of the limestone was taken to the [[Annery kiln]] in the district of [[Torridge District|Torridge]] in north Devon for processing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.m0oxo.com/my-dxpeditions/caldey-island.html|title=Caldey Island|access-date=3 June 2013|publisher=Charles Wilmott - M0OXO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216112546/http://www.m0oxo.com/my-dxpeditions/caldey-island.html|archive-date=16 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The current abbey was built in 1910 by Anglican Benedictine monks but financial problems beginning in 1925 led to the 1929 purchase of the property by Belgian [[Cistercians]].{{Sfn|HeathMichell|2006|p=53}} It is considered to be the most complete example of the [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] style in the country, and was the largest project of [[John Coates Carter]]. At the time of building, the abbey was called "the greatest phenomenon in the Anglican community at the present time". The roofs are of white [[roughcast]] with red tiling, and the abbey church has five side-windows and on the south a "tapering" tower with primitive [[crenellation]]s.

Caldey Island and St Margaret’s Island have together formed an ecclesiastical district for as long as the locals can remember, with 20 Cistercian monks living at the monastery {{As of|2007|lc=on}}.{{sfn|Atkinson|Wilson|2007|p=167}} The Census Reports of the County of Pembroke record it as an ecclesiastical district for administrative purposes.{{sfn|Royal|1977|p=35}}

The Caldey Island Act 1990 added the island to [[Dyfed]] and [[South Pembrokeshire]], and to [[Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Pembrokeshire parliamentary constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/44|title=Caldey Island Act 1990 |website=legislation.gov.uk|access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>

===Child sexual abuse=== {{See also|Caldey Abbey#Child abuse lawsuit}}

There have been many cases involving [[child sexual abuse]] linked to the island, over more than fifty years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/23671050.police-confirm-enquiries-currently-way-caldey-island/ |newspaper=[[Western Telegraph]] |title=Police confirm enquiries are currently under way at Caldey Island |author=Sarah-Jane Absalom |date=21 July 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref> Father Thaddeus Kotik was found to have sexually abused six girls on the island between 1972 and 1987 in a 2017 civil court case.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/18/revealed-monk-who-abused-children-on-free-caldey-island-for-decades |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |title=Revealed: monk who abused children on 'crime free' Caldey Island for decades |author=Amanda Gearing |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref> In 2011 a fugitive charged with possessing indecent images of children was arrested at the abbey after living there for seven years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-42121382 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Caldey Island: Sex offender evaded justice at abbey |date=25 November 2017 |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/24/sex-offender-was-hiding-at-caldey-island-monastery-for-seven-years |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |title=Sex offender hid in Caldey Island abbey for seven years |author1=Amanda Gearing |author2=Steven Morris |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref> Two other men, Father John Shannon and John Cronin, convicted of sexual offences involving children have also been linked to Caldey Island.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pembrokeshire-herald.com/83716/police-confirm-investigation-into-new-caldey-island-child-sex-assault-claim/ |newspaper=[[The Pembrokeshire Herald and General Advertiser|Pembrokeshire Herald]] |title=Islander says police are investigating new Caldey Island child sex assault claim |author=Tom Sinclair |date=19 July 2023 |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref> In 2017 [[Welsh Conservatives]] children's spokesman, [[Darren Millar]], called for an independent inquiry into historical child sexual abuse on the island.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-42169309 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Caldey Island abuse inquiry call by Darren Millar AM |date=29 November 2017}}</ref> In April 2024 Caldey Abbey commissioned an independent review into the historical child sexual abuse, led by leading social worker and former assistant police and crime commissioner at South Wales Police, Jan Pickles OBE, which was completed, and published in December 2024.<ref>{{Cite report|url=https://caldeyislandwales.com/s/The-Caldey-Review-1-December-2024.pdf|title=THE CALDEY ABBEY REVIEW INTO ALLEGATIONS OF NON-RECENT CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE WITHIN THE MONASTIC COMMUNITY OF CALDEY ABBEY ON CALDEY ISLAND, PEMBROKESHIRE|last=Pickles|first=Jan|date=1 December 2024|quote=Whilst this Review has been commissioned by Caldey Abbey and is being paid for by Caldey Abbey, the output and recommendations will be those freely and independently formed by the independent Reviewer.}}</ref> The island now works with The Catholic Safeguarding Standards Agency (CSSA), and has appointed a safeguarding officer to ensure such events are not allowed to repeat and ensure the island is safe for visitors in the present and future.<ref name=safegarding>{{cite web |url=https://caldeyislandwales.com/safegarding |title=Safeguarding on Caldey Island |website=Caldey Island Estate |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

In December 2024, the abbot, Father Jan Rossey, apologised for the abuse and its cover-up. Monks have agreed to a 'no touch' policy for visitors and will report any accidental physical contact, as recommended by the independent review.<ref name=guardian-20241210>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/dec/10/caldey-island-abuse-report-monks-agree-to-no-touch-policy-for-visitors |title=Caldey Island abuse report: monks agree to 'no touch' policy for visitors |last=Morris |first=Steven |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2024 |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref>

==Geography == [[File:Priory Bay Caldey Island (DSC08426).jpg|thumb|Priory Bay features a sandy beach.]] Caldey Island is about {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} long and {{convert|1|mi|km}} in width at its widest. It has an area of {{convert|538|acre|sqkm}} and its highest elevation is {{convert|197|ft|m}}. The island lies in [[Carmarthen Bay]] on the northern side of the [[Bristol Channel]] in the county of [[Pembrokeshire]], a little over {{convert|2.5|mi|0}} south of [[Tenby]] on the mainland of southwest Wales.<ref name=Brit/>{{Sfn|HeathMichell|2006|p=53}} It is separated from the mainland by Caldey Sound. A fleet of traditional wooden boats ferry passengers from Tenby to Caldey Island in the spring and summer months when the weather allows.<ref name=Island /> Boats depart roughly every twenty minutes from the harbour at high tide, while at low tide they depart from Castle Beach.{{sfn|Atkinson|Wilson|2007|p=167}}

Caldey Island consists of two islands which are separated at high tide: Caldey Island and Little Caldey Island. Little Caldey Island is also known as [[St Margaret's Island]] or St Margaret's Isle, and lies off the north-western point of Caldey Island. It acquired its name in the 17th century,{{sfn|Royal|1977|pp=36 & 37}} and is known for its [[Pinniped|seals]] and bird sanctuary.<ref name=Brit/>

The island is mostly used for grazing.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

===Climate=== The average high and low temperatures for Caldey Island, along with wind speeds for each month of the year, are given in the following table. The absolute maximum temperature recorded is {{convert|33|C|0}} in August and the absolute minimum recorded is {{convert|-9|C|0}} in February.<ref name=Weather>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/United-Kingdom/Pembrokeshire/Caldey-Island/climate-profile.aspx|title= Local Weather: Caldey Island Climate History|access-date=5 June 2013|publisher= Myweather2.com}}</ref> <div style="width:75%"> {{Weather box |location = Caldey Island, Wales |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan high C = 8 |Feb high C = 8 |Mar high C = 10 |Apr high C = 12 |May high C = 15 |Jun high C = 17 |Jul high C = 20 |Aug high C =20 |Sep high C = 17 |Oct high C = 14 |Nov high C =11 |Dec high C = 8 |year high C = 20 |Jan low C = 3 |Feb low C = 3 |Mar low C = 5 |Apr low C = 5 |May low C = 8 |Jun low C = 10 |Jul low C = 13 |Aug low C = 12 |Sep low C = 10 |Oct low C = 8 |Nov low C = 5 |Dec low C = 3 |year low C = 3 |source 1 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weather/> Retrieved on 5 June 2013 |date=June 2013 }} </div>

{| class="wikitable" |+ Maximum Recorded Wind Speed<ref name=Weather /> |- ! Jan ! Feb ! Mar ! Apr ! May ! Jun ! Jul ! Aug ! Sep ! Oct ! Nov ! Dec |- | 65 km/h | 59 km/h | 59 km/h | 59 km/h | 56 km/h | 48 km/h | 43 km/h | 46 km/h | 44 km/h | 67 km/h | 61 km/h | 61 km/h |- |40 mph |37 mph |37 mph |37 mph |35 mph |30 mph |27 mph |29 mph |27 mph |42 mph |38 mph |38 mph |}

===Wildlife=== Caldey Island is known for its flowers, many of which are rarely found in other areas of the United Kingdom. The island also has many species of birds that are prevalent in the summer months.{{sfn|Huntington|1908|p=323}} The country's largest colony of [[Great cormorant|cormorants]] is located at St Margaret's Island.{{sfn|Atkinson|Wilson|2007|p=167}} Following a two-year rat eradication programme, [[red squirrel]]s were introduced in 2016<ref>{{cite news|work=Inside Ecology|title=British Wildlife Centre – Red squirrel release|date=27 October 2017|url=https://insideecology.com/2017/10/27/british-wildlife-centre-red-squirrel-and-polecat-release/|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> and by 2018 were breeding successfully and there are now around 50 on the island.<ref>{{cite news|work=Tenby Observer|date=7 July 2018|title=Red squirrel success story on Caldey Island|url=http://www.tenby-today.co.uk/article.cfm?id=119489&headline=Red%20squirrel%20success%20story%20on%20Caldey%20Island&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2018|author=Paul Evans|access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref>

==Economy and services== [[File:Caldey Island Post Office and Museum.jpg|thumb|Caldey Post Office and Museum]] The island's economic activity is supported by tourism and the sale of chocolate.<ref name=Fire/> The main income comes from tourism. The monastery opened an Internet shop in 2001 to sell products online.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1617469.stm|title=Monks get internet shopping habit |author= |date= 3 June 2013 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref> Their lavender perfume is said to be "simply the best lavender [[wikt:soliflore|soliflore]] on earth" by the perfume critic [[Luca Turin]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/perfumes-the-guide-by-luca-turin-and-tania-sanchez-6819379.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101024215113/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-home/article-23593660-perfumes-the-guide-by-luca-turin-and-tania-sanchez.do|url-status= live|archive-date= 24 October 2010|title= Perfumes: The Guide by Luca Turin and Tania Sanchez, David Sexton|newspaper= London Evening Standard|access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref>

Caldey Island provides a [[Retreat (spiritual)|spiritual retreat]] that accommodates up to 750 guests a year. This facility is currently undergoing an extensive refurbishment and is due to be open again in Easter 2024.{{sfn|Williams|2001|p=294}} The island has a functioning post office including a museum of the island's history.<ref> {{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/sludgeulper/4127094545/ |title=Caldey Island Post Office, Wales. c 1950 |author= |date= November 23, 2009 |publisher=Flickr |access-date= 3 June 2013 }}</ref> The island has its own postage stamps and its own monetary unit named after the local fish, the [[common dab|dab]].{{Sfn|HeathMichell|2006|p=53}} There is a colonial-style tea shop on the green, and an underground reservoir near the lighthouse, supplied by a spring. This provides water to the gardens and the people.{{Sfn|HeathMichell|2006|pp=53–56}}

For handling emergencies, the island [[Land Rover]] is shared between the fire service, the coastguard, and the police. There is a volunteer fire service operated by the [[Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service|title=Western Division - Pembrokeshire Stations|url=https://www.mawwfire.gov.uk/eng/your-area/western-division/}}</ref> with access to two [[fire engine]]s, one being a 4x4 rural firefighting unit that was airlifted to the island by the [[Royal Air Force]].<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|title=Caldey Island's new fire engine flown in by helicopter|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-38732240|date=2017-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=The Pembrokeshire Herald|title=New fire engine airlifted to CaldeyIsland|last=Sincleair|first=Tom|date=2017-01-24|url=https://pembrokeshire-herald.com/31403/n%E2%80%8Bew-fire-engine%E2%80%8B-airlifted-caldey-island/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Wales Online|title=A huge helicopter airlifted a fire engine three miles across the sea to Caldey Island's monks|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/huge-helicopter-airlifted-fire-engine-12499747|date=2017-01-24}}</ref> The last reported major fire on the island was in 1940 when the monastery was damaged.<ref name=Fire/>

The island has two cranes, one on Tenby Harbour the other on the island. These cranes are used to lift heavier items or livestock onto the boat to be transported to and from the island.

The island also has some basic farming equipment including two tractors, used for the upkeep of the land and transportation of heavy goods.

== Landmarks == [[File:Caldey Island Lighthouse.jpg|thumb|[[Caldey Lighthouse]]]]

Tourist attractions on Caldey Island include the recently restored 13th-century church of [[Illtud|St Illtyd]],<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Western Telegraph|title=Major restoration project for 13th century Caldey Island church|url=http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/county/11324338.Major_restoration_project_for_13th_century_Caldey_Island_church/?ref=var_0|date=7 July 2014|access-date=7 July 2014}}</ref> an [[ogham]] cross from the 6th century, a [[Norman architecture|Norman]] chapel, and [[Caldey Abbey]], completed in 1910.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.wales.me/tourism/10-place-to-go-with-me/caldey-island |title=Caldey Island – Visit Me in Wales |publisher=Wales.me |access-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212080159/http://www.wales.me/tourism/10-place-to-go-with-me/caldey-island |archive-date=12 December 2013 }}</ref>

[[Caldey Lighthouse]] was built in 1829. The light was intended to help coastal traffic trading limestone and coal to mid- and North [[Wales]] but the light also helped long-distance and North American traffic identify the [[Bristol Channel]] and avoid confusion with the [[English Channel]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} The lighthouse is a squat, round, brick-lined limestone [[tower]] of 17 m (56 ft), with walls 0.9 m (3 ft) thick at the base and {{convert|2|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} thick at the top. The light stands 64 m (210 ft) above high-water mark. The lighthouse was automated in 1929. The former oil store for the lighthouse is a listed structure.<ref>{{National Historic Assets of Wales|num=18025 |desc=Former oil store at Caldey Lighthouse |grade=II |access-date=21 July 2019 }}</ref> The [[lighthouse keeper]]'s cottages that flank the lighthouse are two-storey, with hipped roofs, octagonal chimneys and a one-storey linking corridor. The cottages were built around 1868–70 by T. C. Harvey.

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book|last1=Atkinson|first1=David|last2=Wilson|first2=Neil|title=Wales|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetwale00davi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetwale00davi/page/167 167]|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-538-3}} *{{cite book|first=Stephen |last=Burrow|title=Catalogue of the Mesolithic and Neolithic Collections at the National Museums and Galleries of Wales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4Lh0xxgVtoC&pg=PA225|year=2003|publisher=National Museum Wales|isbn=978-0-7200-0516-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hastings|first=Adrian |title=A World History of Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kL5-5Z2QGFsC&pg=PA64|year=2000|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-4875-8}} *{{cite book|last1=Heath|first1=Robin F.|last2=Michell|first2=John F.|title=The Lost Science of Measuring the Earth: Discovering the Sacred Geometry of the Ancients|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efc_gR1QM-oC&pg=PA53|year=2006|publisher=Adventures Unlimited Press|isbn=978-1-931882-50-7}} * {{cite web |last1= Hughes |first1= Basil H.J. |year= 2014 |title= Pembrokeshire Parishes, Places & People. Castlemartin Hundred |website= archive.org |pages= 877-893|url= https://archive.org/details/PembrokeshireParishesPlacesPeopleCastlemartinHundred/mode/2up }} * {{cite journal|last=Huntington |first=Father |title=The Benedictine Revival in the Church of England II: The Benedictines of Caldey Island |journal=The Churchman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQJQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA323|date=1908|page=323}} * {{cite book|last=Manwaring|first=Kevan |title=Lost islands: inventing Avalon, destroying Eden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vF8qAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Heart of Albion|isbn=978-1-905646-07-4}} * {{cite book|last=Royal |first=Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales|title=An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments of Wales and Monmouthshire: VII - County of Pembroke|year=1977|publisher=HMSO|oclc=220312341}} * {{cite book|last= Williams|first=David H.|title=The Welsh Cistercians: Written to Commemorate the Centenary of the Death of Stephen William Williams (1837-1899), the Father of Cistercian Archaeology in Wales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSv77Ry8oW4C&pg=PA294|year=2001|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|isbn=978-0-85244-354-5}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Caldey Island}} * [http://www.caldeyislandwales.com Official Caldey Island website] * [https://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/401669/details/caldey-island RCAHMW/Coflein listings] * [https://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=552 St Illtud's Church and Caldey Ogham Stone] * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_west/4420831.stm The monks installed a television set] as a 'one-off' to watch the funeral of [[Pope John Paul II]] *[https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=6509513 Photos of Caldey Island and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk] *https://www.caldeyislandsurvivors.org/petition P-05-954 Petition for a public inquiry by the Welsh Government into the historic child abuse on Caldey Island, Correspondence – Petition Coordinator to Committee, 22.10.21.

[[Category:Islands of Pembrokeshire]] [[Category:Carmarthen Bay]] [[Category:Islands of the Bristol Channel]] [[Category:Private islands of the United Kingdom]]