Manado

{{short description|Capital and largest city of North Sulawesi, Indonesia}} {{For|the racehorse|Manado (horse)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Use British English|date=April 2012}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Manado | other_name = {{Hlist|Menado|Wenang}} | official_name = City of Manado {{nobold|{{lang|id|Kota Manado}}}} | nickname = {{lang|id|Kota Seribu Gereja}} "City of a Thousand Churches"{{force singular}} | translit_lang1 = | motto = {{lang|tom|Torang Samua Basudara}} (Minahasan) "We are one Brotherhood" | image_flag = City_Flag_of_Manado.png | image_seal = | image_shield = Lambang Kota Manado.png | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Soekarno_bridge_sunset.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = Panoramic view of Manado during sunset | image2 = Yesus Kase Berkat Manado.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = Christ Blessing statue | image3 = Manado Town Square shopping mall.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 = Manado Town Square | image4 = Manado Skyline.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 = Sukarno Bridge }} | image_map = Lokasi Sulawesi Utara Kota Manado.svg | pushpin_map = Indonesia Sulawesi#Indonesia | map_caption = Location within North Sulawesi | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Sulawesi, and Indonesia | pushpin_label_position = right | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{INA}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|North Sulawesi}} |subdivision_type2 = Metropolitan area |subdivision_name2 = Bimindo | government_type = Mayor-council | governing_body = Manado City Government | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Andrei Angouw (PDI-P) | leader_title2 = Vice Mayor | leader_name2 = {{Ill|Richard Sualang|lt=Richard Sualang|id}} | leader_title3 = Legislature | leader_name3 = Manado City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) | established_title = Founded | established_date = {{start date and age|1623|7|14|df=y}} | area_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 157.26 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = mid 2023 estimate | population_footnotes = <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_total = 458582 | population_demonym = Manadonese | timezone1 = ICST | utc_offset1 = +8 | coordinates = {{Coord|1|29|35|N|124|50|28.54|E|region:ID-SA_type:city|display=inline, title|format=dms}} | elevation_m = 5 | registration_plate_type = Vehicle registration | registration_plate = DB | blank_name = Nominal GDP<ref name="kabupatenkota">{{Cite book|title=Gross Regional Domestic Product of Regencies/Municipalities in Indonesia 2019–2023|author-link=Statistics Indonesia|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2024|location=Jakarta|url=https://www.bps.go.id/en/publication/2024/06/07/f90b4d2293193647cf2faee1/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-kabupaten-kota-di-indonesia-2019-2023.html}}</ref> | blank_info = 2023 | blank1_name =  - Total | blank1_info = {{increase}} Rp 48.556 trillion (27th) {{increase}} US$13.186 billion {{increase}} Int$10.202 billion (PPP) | blank2_name =  - Per capita | blank2_info = {{increase}} Rp 105,882 thousand {{increase}} US$6,947 {{increase}} Int$22,247 (PPP) | blank3_name =  - Metro | blank3_info = {{Increase}}Rp 117.534 trillion {{Increase}} US$7.711 billion {{Increase}} Int$24.695 billion (PPP) | blank4_name =  - Growth | blank4_info = {{increase}} 5.5% | blank5_name = HDI (2023) | blank5_info = {{increase}} 0.814 (38th) Very High | website = [https://ManadoKota.go.id ManadoKota.go.id] | footnotes = | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = +62 431 | native_name_lang = Menado | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 }}

'''Manado''' ({{IPA|id|maˈnado}}, Minahasan: ''Wenang'') is the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi. It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar, with the 2020 census giving a population of 451,916,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> and the official estimates for mid 2023 showing 458,582 inhabitants (229,982 males and 228,600 females),<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref> distributed over a land area of 157.26 km2.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manado Guide |url=https://indonesia-guide.com/manado/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Indonesia Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> The Manado metropolitan area had a population of 1,377,815 as of mid 2023.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref> The city is situated on the Bay of Manado, and is surrounded by a mountainous area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/654|title=In the shadows of volcanoes: Manado Bay and its harbour|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110062456/http://soleilian.com/654|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Manado is among Indonesia's top-five tourism priorities<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kusumawardhani |first=Amanda |date=21 November 2019 |title=Kembangkan 5 Destinasi Prioritas, Jokowi Tekankan Soal Kebersihan |url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20191121/12/1172878/kembangkan-5-destinasi-prioritas-jokowi-tekankan-soal-kebersihan |website=Ekonomi}}</ref> and Bunaken National Park is one of the city's most famous tourist attractions. Tunan Waterfall in Talawaan village and Mount Tumpa are some of the many attractions for visitors who like to take Manado city tour especially to natural places.<ref>[https://wildlifeminahasa.blogspot.com/p/manado-city-tour.html?m=1 Manado city tour]</ref> The city is served by Sam Ratulangi International Airport, which connects Manado with various domestic destinations, as well as international destinations in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The city is also known for its Christian-majority population, and holds the country's biggest Christmas celebration annually. It is also recognised as one of the most tolerant and peaceful cities in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Onker |first=Michelle |title=Wali Kota Kaget Manado Jadi Kota Paling Toleran di Indonesia |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3738987/wali-kota-kaget-manado-jadi-kota-paling-toleran-di-indonesia |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref>

==Etymology== The name Manado is derived from the Sangir language word ''manaro'', meaning 'on the far coast' or 'in the distance', and originally referred to the further of two islands which can be seen from the mainland. When the settlement on this island was relocated to the mainland, the name Manado was brought with it, after which the island itself became referred to as Manado Tua (Old Manado).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Makaliwe |first=Willem Hendrik |date=1981 |title=A preliminary note on genealogy and intermarriage in the Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi |journal=Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia |volume=137 |issue=2–3 |pages=244–258 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003499 |issn=0006-2294|doi-access=free }}</ref> The name for Manado in the Sangir language is ''Manaro'', while in Gorontalo is ''Moladu''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hulondalo.id/daerah/pr-9647184130/tour-de-moladu-marten-jangan-sangkut-pautkan-dengan-politik|title=Tour De Moladu, Marten: Jangan Sangkut Pautkan dengan Politik|website=hulondalo.id|access-date=2024-05-12}}</ref>

==History== The first mention of Manado comes from a world map by French cartographer {{Interlanguage link|Nicolas Desliens|fr}}, which shows the island of Manarow (today's Manado Tua). Before Europeans arrived in North Sulawesi, the area was under the rule of the Sultan of Ternate, who exacted tribute and introduced Islam to its inhabitants. The Portuguese made the Sultan their vassal, ruling over the Minahasa people, and establishing a factory in Wenang.

Meanwhile, the Spanish had already set themselves up in the Philippines and Minahasa was used to plant coffee because of its rich soil. Manado was further developed by Spain as a centre of commerce for the Chinese traders who traded the coffee in China. With the help of native allies, the Spanish took over the Portuguese fortress in Amurang in the 1550s, and Spanish settlers also established a fort at Manado, so that eventually, Spain controlled all of the Minahasa. It was in Manado where one of the first Indo-Eurasian (Mestizo) communities in the archipelago developed during the 16th century.<ref>Wahr, C.R. [http://www.theminahasa.net/history/timeline/index02.html Minahasa (history) Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724100721/http://www.theminahasa.net/history/timeline/index02.html |date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> The first King of Manado (1630) named Muntu Untu was in fact the son of a Spanish Mestizo.<ref>Wahr, C. R. [http://www.theminahasa.net/history/timeline/index05.html Minahasa (history) Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521011233/http://www.theminahasa.net/history/timeline/index05.html |date=21 May 2013 }}</ref>

left|thumb|upright|Map of Manado in 1679 Spain renounced its possessions in Minahasa by means of a treaty with the Portuguese in return for a payment of 350,000 ducats.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oriental commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, with their produce, manufactures, and trade|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181513|author=Milburn, William|year=1813|publisher=Black, Parry & Co|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181513/page/n542 406]}}</ref> Minahasan natives made an alliance treaty with the Dutch, and expelled the last of the Portuguese from Manado a few years later.

The Dutch East India Company built a fortress in Manado named Fort Amsterdam in 1658. As with regions in eastern Indonesia, Manado underwent Christianisation by missionaries such as Johann Friedrich Riedel and Johann Gottlieb Schwarz. The Dutch missionaries built the first Christian church in Manado called Oude Kerk (Old church), which still stands, and is now called Gereja Sentrum. HMS ''Dover'' captured Manado in June 1810. The Javanese prince Diponegoro was exiled to Manado by the Dutch government in 1830 for leading a war of rebellion against the Dutch. In 1859, the English biologist Alfred Wallace visited Manado and praised the town for its beauty.

thumb|140px|Coat of Arms of Manado during Dutch colonial era, granted in 1931. In 1919, the Apostolic Prefecture of Celebes was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted to the Diocese of Manado.

The Japanese captured Manado in the Battle of Manado in January 1942.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Klemen|last=L|url=https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/menado.html|title=The Fall of Menado, January 1942|date=1999–2000|work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942|access-date=30 March 2021|archive-date=2 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202023937/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/menado.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II.

In 1958, the headquarters of the rebel movement Permesta was moved to Manado. When Permesta confronted the central government with demands for political, economic and regional reform, Jakarta responded by bombing the city in February 1958, and then invading in June 1958.

In 1962, the People's Representative Council declared Manado as the official capital city of North Sulawesi Province.

==Climate== Manado has a tropical rainforest climate (''Af'') according to the Köppen climate classification, as there is no real dry season. The wettest month is January, with an average rainfall of {{convert|465|mm}}, while the driest is September with an average rainfall of {{convert|121|mm}}.<ref name="DWD precip">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/precipitation_total/1961_1990.txt|server=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure|url-status=dead|title=Station 97014|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> The abundance of rain seems to be influenced by the monsoon. As its location is near the equator, the temperature is essentially constant throughout the year. The hottest month is August with an average temperature of {{convert|26.6|C}}, while the coolest months are January and February with an average temperature of {{convert|25.4|C}}.<ref name="DWD mean">{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/air_temperature_mean/1961_1990.txt|server=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure|url-status=dead|title=Station 97014|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref>

{{Weather box | location = Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (1961–1990) | metric first = yes | single line = yes | width = auto | temperature colour = pastel | Jan high C = 29.4 | Feb high C = 29.5 | Mar high C = 30.0 | Apr high C = 31.4 | May high C = 31.4 | Jun high C = 31.2 | Jul high C = 31.3 | Aug high C = 32.0 | Sep high C = 32.3 | Oct high C = 31.7 | Nov high C = 30.9 | Dec high C = 30.1 | year high C = 30.9 | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 25.4 | Mar mean C = 25.7 | Apr mean C = 26.4 | May mean C = 26.4 | Jun mean C = 26.2 | Jul mean C = 26.1 | Aug mean C = 26.6 | Sep mean C = 26.4 | Oct mean C = 26.3 | Nov mean C = 26.3 | Dec mean C = 25.8 | year mean C = 26.1 | Jan low C = 22.3 | Feb low C = 22.2 | Mar low C = 22.3 | Apr low C = 22.4 | May low C = 22.4 | Jun low C = 22.3 | Jul low C = 21.8 | Aug low C = 21.9 | Sep low C = 21.2 | Oct low C = 21.8 | Nov low C = 22.3 | Dec low C = 22.5 | year low C = 22.1 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 427 | Feb rain mm = 361 | Mar rain mm = 338 | Apr rain mm = 266 | May rain mm = 268 | Jun rain mm = 277 | Jul rain mm = 170 | Aug rain mm = 121 | Sep rain mm = 149 | Oct rain mm = 256 | Nov rain mm = 290 | Dec rain mm = 365 | Jan sun = 129 | Feb sun = 119 | Mar sun = 155 | Apr sun = 168 | May sun = 168 | Jun sun = 144 | Jul sun = 176 | Aug sun = 210 | Sep sun = 179 | Oct sun = 172 | Nov sun = 157 | Dec sun = 152 | source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref name="DWD precip"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt|title=Station 97014|publisher=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt|archive-date=2017-10-17|url-status=dead|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/air_temperature_mean_of_daily_min/1961_1990.txt|server=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure|url-status=dead|title=Station 97014|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="DWD mean"/><ref>{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/air_temperature_mean_of_daily_max/1961_1990.txt|server=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure|url-status=dead|title=Station 97014|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> | source = }}

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |- !Colspan=14|Climate data for Manado |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !style="border-left-width:medium"|Year |- !Average sea temperature °C (°F) |style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.9 (84.0) |style="background:#FF2700;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.8 (83.8) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.1 (84.4) |style="background:#FF0000;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.4 (84.9) |style="background:#FF0000;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.8 (85.6) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.3 (84.7) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.9 (84.0) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.7 (83.7) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|28.6 (83.5) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.4 (84.9) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.6 (85.3) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;"|29.3 (84.7) |style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;border-left-width:medium"|29.0 (84.0) |- !Mean daily daylight hours |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0 |style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|12.0 |- !Average Ultraviolet index |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;"|7 |style="background:#F18B00;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|7 |- !Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/manado-climate |title=Manado, Indonesia – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119173634/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indonesia/manado-climate |archive-date=19 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |}

==Administrative districts== thumb|250px|right|Manado and its bay taken from Tinoor village thumb|Manado drone view from Megamall complex The city is divided into eleven districts (''kecamatan''), including the new districts of Bunaken Kepulauan (Bunaken Islands) and Paal Dua established in 2012. These are all tabulated below with their areas and populations at the 2010 census<ref>Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 2020 census,<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021"/> together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)</ref> The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of urban subdistricts (all rated as ''kelurahan'') in each district, and its post codes.

{|class="sortable wikitable" | Kode Wilayah|| Name of District (''kecamatan'')||Area in km2||Pop'n census 2010||Pop'n census 2020||Pop'n estimate mid 2022||Admin centre||No. of villages||Post codes |- | 71.71.09 || Malalayang||align=right|17.12||align=right|54,959||align=right|61,891||align=right|62,202||Malalayang Satu||align=center|9||95115 - 95163 |- | 71.71.06 || Sario||align=right|1.75||align=right|23,198||align=right|21,740||align=right|21,724||Sario||align=center|7||95113 - 95116 |- | 71.71.07 || Wanea||align=right|7.85||align=right|56,962||align=right|59,757||align=right|59,829||Wanea||align=center|9||95117 - 95119 |- | 71.71.04 || Wenang||align=right|3.64||align=right|32,796||align=right|32,601||align=right|32,633||Tikala Kumaraka||align=center|12||95111 - 95124 |- | 71.71.05 || Tikala||align=right|7.10||align=right|69,734||align=right|30,174||align=right|30,196||Tikala Baru||align=center|5||95124 - 95129 |- | 71.71.11 || Paal Dua||align=right|8.02||align=right|(a)||align=right|44,015||align=right|44,180||Ranomuut||align=center|7||95127 - 95129 |- | 71.71.08 || Mapanget||align=right|49.75||align=right|53,194||align=right|63,275||align=right|64,380||Paniki Bawah||align=center|10||95249 - 95259 |- | 71.71.03 || Singkil||align=right|4.68||align=right|46,721||align=right|52,732||align=right|53,025||Singkil||align=center|9||95231 - 95234 |- | 71.71.02 || Tuminting||align=right|4.31||align=right|52,089||align=right|53,759||align=right|53,984||Bitung Karang Ria||align=center|10||95238 - 95239 |- | 71.71.01 || Bunaken ||align=right|36.19||align=right|20,828||align=right|25,669||align=right|26,130||Molas||align=center|5||95231 - 95249 |- | 71.71.10 || Bunaken Kepulauan (b)||align=right|16.85||align=right|(c)||align=right|6,303||align=right|6,323||Bunaken||align=center|4||95231 - 95246 |- | || '''''Totals''''' ||align=right|''157.26''||align=right|''410,481''||align=right|''451,916''||align=right|''454,606''|| ||align=center|''87''|| |}

Notes: (a) the 2010 population of Paal Dua District is included in the figure for Tikala District, from which it was cut out in 2013. (b) including the small offshore islands of ''Pulau Bunaken'', ''Pulau Siladen'', and ''Pulau Manadotua''. These islands form (with the larger Mantehage Island and Nain Island in North Minahasa Regency) the land components of the Bunaken National Park. (c) the 2010 population of Bunaken Kepulauan District is included in the figure for Bunaken District, from which it was cut out in 2013.

The boundaries of Manado city are as follows: *East = Minahasa Regency *North = North Minahasa Regency *South = Minahasa Regency *West = Celebes Sea

==Demographics== ===Ethnicity and languages=== thumb|left|200px|Minahasa women, circa 1940s {{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} Currently, the majority of Manado city residents are from the Minahasa ethnic group. The indigenous people of Manado are from the Tombulu sub-tribe. The Tombulu language is considered one of the Minahasa languages and is spoken widely in several urban villages within Manado, for example: Wenang (Wenang / Mahawenang - kolintang), Tumumpa (down), Mahakeret (yelling), Tikala Ares (Walak Ares Tombulu, where the word 'ares' means punishable), Ranotana (ground water), Winangun (built), Wawonasa (wawoinasa - sharpened above), Pinaesaan (unity place), Pakowa (Tree of Treasure), Teling (fur / bamboo to make equipment), Titiwungen (excavated), Tuminting (from the word Ting-Ting: a bell, the inserted syllable -um- changing the noun to a verb, so Tuminting: ringing bell), Pondol (Edge), Wanea (from the word Wanua: meaning the country), etc. While the Malalayang area has residents mainly from the Bantik people, other indigenous groups in Manado today are from the Sangir, Gorontalo, Mongondow, Babontehu, Talaud, Tionudese, Siau, and Borgo peoples. There are also Arabian peranakan communities, mainly in the ''Kampung Arab'' area which is near Pasar '45 and has become a destination for religious tourism. Other ethnicities represented include Javanese, Chinese, Batak, Makassar, and Moluccans. A small Jewish community also exists.

Manado Malay is the main language spoken in Manado. It is a Malay-based creole. Some of the loan words in the Minahasan vernacular are derived from Dutch, Portuguese, and other foreign languages.

===Religion=== {{as of|2023}}, Protestant Christianity is the major religion in Manado, constituting around 62.89 percent of all residents, Islam comes second forming about 30.93 percent, Catholicism comes in third forming around 5.32 percent, and the rest follow Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism, each coming in at less than 1 percent each, according to North Sulawesi regional office of Statistics Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sulut.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NzMyIzI=/persentase-jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-agama-yang-dianut.html|access-date=5 December 2025|title=Persentase Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Agama yang Dianut, 2023|date=12 September 2024|language=id|publisher=Statistics Indonesia}}</ref> In addition, about 20 Indonesian Jews live in Manado.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brieger |first1=Peter |last2=Buol |first2=Ronny |title=On remote island in Muslim-majority Indonesia, Jewish community lives in shadows |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jews-live-in-the-shadows-in-muslim-majority-indonesia/ |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> The people of Manado identify as tolerant, harmonious, open and dynamic. Therefore, the city of Manado has a relatively conducive social environment, and is known as one of the safest cities in Indonesia. When Indonesia was vulnerable to political upheaval around 1999, and there were riots in other Indonesian cities, Manado was little affected. This is shown through the slogan of the people of Manado: ''Torang samua basudara'', which means ''We are all family''. And also through the words of Dr. Sam Ratulangi: "Sitou, Timou, Tumou, Tou", which roughly translates to 'Man lives to educate others'.

<gallery> File:Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia (GPdI) Manado - panoramio.jpg|Indonesia Pentecostal Church in Manado File:Cathedral Church Manado - panoramio.jpg|St. Mary of the Sacred Heart Parish Cathedral, Manado File:Masjid Raya Ahmad Yani Manado.jpg|Manado Great Mosque File:Ban Hin Kiong.JPG|Ban Hin Kiong Temple </gallery>

==Transportation== {{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} [[File:Manado-Bitung toll road.jpg|thumb|right|Manado–Bitung Toll Road]] Sam Ratulangi International Airport of Manado is one of the main ports of entry to Indonesia. In 2005, more than 15,000 international passengers entered Indonesia via Manado airport, connected with other major cities like Jakarta, Surabaya and Makassar, etc. Manado is also connected with several major cities in Asia for international routes.

Other public transportation in Manado are: #Local share taxi services, known as ''mikrolet''s. #Perum DAMRI buses serving airport to Manado #Other buses serving Manado to other cities in North Sulawesi as well as other cities in the island of Sulawesi

Manado–Bitung Toll Road connects the city with Bitung. Terminal Malalayang, or Malalayang Bus Terminal serves as the main gateway for long-distance buses in Manado.

==Cityscape== {{wide image|Manado City in Panoramic - panoramio.jpg|800px|Panoramic view of Manado|left}} Manado is home to some of the biggest and most influential churches in the province, with many of them located along the iconic Sam Ratulangi Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/638|title=Great Churches of Manado|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110061326/http://soleilian.com/638|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Tourism=== thumb|220px|Snorkeling around Bunaken *Ban Hin Kiong Temple is the oldest temple in the city of Manado, which was established in 1819. It is also a popular tourism spot in the city, especially during the Chinese New Year celebration. *thumb|Yesus Kase Berkat statue in ManadoCitraland, a wealthy suburb of Manado, is home to Asia's second tallest and the world's fourth tallest statue of Christ (Christ Blessing Statue), and perhaps the world's first statue in the flying posture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/700|title=Christ Blessing and the Waruga|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110042740/http://soleilian.com/700|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Manado Boulevard Carnaval (MBC) is a fashion carnival annually every 16 July, aligned with Manado City Birthday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2011/07/18/2900/1/Manado-Boulevard-Carnaval-Digelar-Rutin|title=Manado Boulevard Carnaval - Digelar Rutin|access-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818232321/http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediatravelista/index.php/read/2011/07/18/2900/1/Manado-Boulevard-Carnaval-Digelar-Rutin|archive-date=18 August 2011|date=18 July 2011}}</ref> *Other places of interest include nearby Lake Tondano, Lake Linow,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/740|title=The lakes of Sulut: Danau Tondano and Linow|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812060042/http://soleilian.com/740|archive-date=12 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lokon Volcano, Klabat Volcano and Mahawu Volcano, Bukit Kasih (hill of love), and Watu Pinabetengan. *Scuba diving and snorkelling are practised in the nearby Bunaken National Park, including the island of Bunaken.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/659|title=Off to Bunaken|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110060951/http://soleilian.com/659|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/675|title=Livin' la vida Bunaken's way|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110061354/http://soleilian.com/675|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://soleilian.com/687|title=Bunaken's blue, blue seas|access-date=14 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110061417/http://soleilian.com/687|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Several shopping malls in the city are: Manado Town Square, Star Square, and Grand Kawanua City

===Cuisine=== {{See also|Minahasan cuisine}}thumb|left|220px|Fish ''Woku'' Food typical of Manado include ''tinutuan'', a porridge consisting of various kinds of vegetables. In addition to tinutuan, there is ''cakalang fufu'', a smoked skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), ''roa fish'' (exocoetidae or torani) Parexocoetus brachypterus, ''kawok'' which is based on the meat of the forest rodent white rat Maxomys hellwandii; ''paniki'', bat meat-based dishes; such as (Pteropus pumilus) and ''rinte wuuk'' (abbreviated to RW) which is a local name of dog meat, pork (a pig is cooked rotating over embers, usually served at parties), and ''babi putar'' (made from pork mixed with Manado spices, rolled and burned in bamboo).

There is also a typical drink from the area of Manado and its surroundings are ''saguer'' which is a kind of wine or palm wine derived from enau / aren tree (''Arenga pinnata''), which is then fermented. Saguer is a ''cap tikus'' (spirits with an average of 40% alcohol content). The exact amount of alcohol depends on the technique of distillation, which varies among different Minahasa villages).

thumb|220px|upright|Manado styled ''Nasi Kuning'' ''Woku'' is a type of ''bumbu'' (spice mixture) found in Manado cuisine of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has rich aroma and spicy taste. Woku consist of ground spices paste; red ginger, turmeric, candlenut, and red chili pepper, mixed with chopped shallot, scallion, tomato, lemon or citrus leaf, and turmeric leaf, lemon basil leaf, and bruised lemongrass. Rub main ingredients (chicken or fish) with salt and lime juices, and marinate for 30 minutes. All spices are cooked in coconut oil until the aroma came up and mixed together with the main ingredients, water, and a pinch of salt, well until all cooked well.

Other typical food of Manado city which is also quite famous is ''nasi kuning'' which taste and looks different from yellow rice in other area because it is spiked with abon of cakalang rica fish and presented in a parcel using sugar palm leaves. There is also grilled fish roasted head. ''Dabu-dabu'' is a very popular typical Manado sauce, made from a mixture of red chilies, cayenne pepper, sliced red onion, and freshly diced tomatoes, and finally given a mixture of soy sauce.

==Sister cities== {{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}

* Davao City, Philippines * Eindhoven, Netherlands * Koror, Palau * Qingdao, China * San Sebastian, Spain * Zamboanga City, Philippines

==Language== {{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}} The local language spoken in Manado and the surrounding area is a creole of the Malay language called Manado Malay. It exhibits significant influence of Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch, for example: *"But" in Indonesian is "tapi", in Manado it is called "mar" (maar- Dutch word for but). *Chair in Indonesian is "kursi", in Minahasa it is called "kadera" (cadeira - Portuguese for chair). *Horse in Indonesian is "kuda", a word of Sanskrit origin. In the town of Tomohon, a horse is called "kafalio" ("cavalo" - Portuguese, "caballo" - Spanish).

While there is not much known about the origin of ideogramatical Minahasa writing system, currently the orthography used for indigenous Minahasan languages closely matches that used for Indonesian.

==Notable people== * Adrianus Taroreh (1966–2013), boxer; competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics * Alexander Andries Maramis (1897–1977), politician; national hero of Indonesia * Audrey Vanessa Susilo (born 1999), Miss Indonesia 2022 winner * Bahar bin Smith (born 1985), Islamist scholar, sayyid and preacher ''(da'i)'' * Benny Dollo (1950–2023), football coach; former head coach of Indonesia national football team * Bonyx Saweho (born 1982), boxer; competed in the men's flyweight event at the 2004 Summer Olympics * Daan Mogot (1928–1946), military officer; involved in the Indonesian National Revolution * Firman Utina (born 1981), footballer; former captain of Indonesia national football team * Michael Soeoth (born 2007), footballer * Greysia Polii (born 1987), badminton player; gold medalist at the 2020 Summer Olympics * Henk Ngantung (1927–1991), painter and politician; governor of Jakarta (1964–1965) * Jeanne Mandagi (1937–2017), Police Brigadier General; first Indonesian woman to become a police general * John Lie (1911–1988), navy officer; national hero of Indonesia * Kezia Warouw (born 1991), Puteri Indonesia 2016 winner * Kristania Virginia Besouw (born 1985), Miss Indonesia 2006 winner * Liliyana Natsir (born 1985), badminton player; gold medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics * Monica Khonado (born 1996), Miss Earth Indonesia 2020 winner * Robert Wolter Mongisidi (1925–1949), national hero of Indonesia; involved in the Indonesian National Revolution * Rocky Gerung (born 1959), Indonesian philosopher and public intellectual * Yaakov Baruch (born 1982), rabbi of Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue (Tondano)

==See also== {{Portal|Indonesia}} *List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

==References== {{Reflist|32em}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.budpar.go.id/filedata/180_534-STAT2005.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Tourism and Culture Republic of Indonesia|title=Visitors Arrivals to Indonesia 2000–2005|website=budpar.go.id}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Manado}} *{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Menado|short=x}} *{{Wikivoyage inline}} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9mWVVhe8ys Huge Waves Cause Flooding in Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia - Jan. 17, 2021]

{{North Sulawesi}} {{Navboxes | title = Articles Related to Manado | list = {{Provincial capitals in Indonesia}} {{Most populous cities in Indonesia}} }} {{Authority control}}

Category:Manado Category:Cities in North Sulawesi Category:Populated coastal places in Indonesia Category:Provincial capitals in Indonesia Category:Tondano basin