{{Short description|2025 political-military campaign}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2025}} {{For|immigration arrests, raids, detention and deportation operations primarily conducted by the Department of Homeland Security|Deportation in the second Trump administration|List of immigration raids and arrests in the second Trump presidency}} {{For|deployments near the Mexico–United States border|National Defense Area}} {{Infobox event | title = Domestic military deployments by the second Trump administration | partof = the second presidency of Donald Trump | image = DC National Guard Leaders Deputized for DC Safe and Beautiful Task Force (9260118).jpg | image_upright = | image_alt = | caption = District of Columbia National Guard members stationed in Washington D.C. | native_name = | native_name_lang = | english_name = | map = | mapframe = <!-- See #Mapframe maps for more information --> | time = | timezone = | duration = <!-- {{duration|h=x|m=x|s=x}} or {{time interval|date1|date2|options}} --> | date = June 7, 2025 – present ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=6|day1=7|year1=2025}}) | venue = | location = Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Memphis, Tennessee, Minneapolis, Chicago, and New Orleans | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} --> | also_known_as = | type = | theme = | cause = | motive = * Crime reduction * Supporting Dept. of Homeland Security and local police forces engaging in deportation operations and civil unrest suppression | target = | perpetrator = | first_reporter = | budget = | patron = <!-- or |patrons= --> | organisers = <!-- or |organizers= --> | filmed_by = | participants = | outcome = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = | reported deaths = 1 National Guard member killed | reported injuries = | reported missing = | reported property damage = | burial = | displaced = | inquiries = | inquest = | coroner = | arrests = | suspects = | accused = | convicted = | charges = | trial = | verdict = | convictions = | sentence = | publication_bans = | litigation = | awards = | url = | blank_label = <!-- or |blank_data= --> | blank1_label = <!-- or |blank1_data= --> | blank2_label = <!-- or |blank2_data= --> | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | notes = }} {{Democratic backsliding during the second Trump administration sidebar|expanded=military}}
During his second presidency, Donald Trump ordered deployments of National Guard troops to select U.S. cities in 2025 and certain deployments have continued into 2026. Trump has given multiple explanations for the deployments, saying they are officially part of crackdowns on protests, civil unrest, crime, homelessness, and illegal immigration. The actions targeted Democratic Party-led cities and sparked significant controversy, with critics labeling them as abuses of power and potential violations of laws like the Posse Comitatus Act, which limits military involvement in domestic law enforcement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump's threat to invoke Insurrection Act escalates showdown with Democratic cities |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-threat-invoke-insurrection-act-escalates-showdown-with-democratic-cities-2025-10-07/ |access-date=November 10, 2025 |archive-date=November 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251102203203/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-threat-invoke-insurrection-act-escalates-showdown-with-democratic-cities-2025-10-07/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Juliana |date=2025-10-16 |title=Where has Trump suggested sending troops? In cities run by Democratic mayors |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/10/10/nx-s1-5567177/national-guard-map-chicago-california-oregon |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=NPR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyette |first=Hanna Park, Andy Rose, Chris |date=2025-10-02 |title=What to know about Trump's latest federal deployments in Memphis, Portland and other US cities |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/02/us/trump-national-guard-portland-memphis-wwk-hnk |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002132400/https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/02/us/trump-national-guard-portland-memphis-wwk-hnk |url-status=live }}</ref> The moves came amidst broader expansions of the military's domestic use during the second Trump administration,<ref name="Broadwater 06112025"/> and Trump's prior comments during his presidential campaign to use the military to end civil unrest and protests without consent from state governors and target "the enemy within".<ref name="Savage 07082025"/><ref name="Pilkington 06092025"/>
Deployments began in Los Angeles in June 2025 and expanded to Washington, D.C., in August 2025, before presidential authorizations were issued to expand to Memphis, Tennessee, and Portland, Oregon, in September 2025. Federal forces arrived in Memphis in October 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/local/2025/10/03/memphis-tn-safe-task-force-agencies/86412977007/|title=What federal agencies are in Memphis Safe Task Force? Here's all of them and what they do|first=Jack|last=Armstrong|publisher=The Commercial Appeal|date=October 3, 2025|archive-date=October 3, 2025|access-date=October 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003192849/https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/local/2025/10/03/memphis-tn-safe-task-force-agencies/86412977007/|url-status=live}}</ref> Plans were underway for Chicago and potentially other cities like New York, Baltimore, San Francisco, and Oakland, California.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seldon |first=Aja |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Trump threatens to send National Guard to San Francisco |url=https://www.ktvu.com/news/trump-threatens-send-troops-clean-up-san-francisco |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=KTVU FOX 2 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Joe |date=August 24, 2025 |title=Illinois officials blast Trump's threat to deploy National Guard in Chicago |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/08/24/nx-s1-5514470/illinois-officials-blast-trumps-threat-to-deploy-national-guard-in-chicago |access-date=August 24, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824181458/https://www.npr.org/2025/08/24/nx-s1-5514470/illinois-officials-blast-trumps-threat-to-deploy-national-guard-in-chicago |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Trump threatens to send federal troops into Chicago and New York City |url=https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/trump-chicago-new-york-troops-national-guard-washington-dc-rcna226683 |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=MSNBC.com |language=en |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823113331/https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/trump-chicago-new-york-troops-national-guard-washington-dc-rcna226683 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2025 |title=Trump threatens to send the military to Baltimore to 'clean up' crime |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-threatens-military-baltimore-crime-key-bridge-funding-chicago-rcna226846 |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824175358/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-threatens-military-baltimore-crime-key-bridge-funding-chicago-rcna226846 |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2025, Trump told military leaders to view the deployments as "training grounds for our military" and described America as under "invasion" and waging "a war from within".<ref name="Samuels 2025"/> In October 2025, Trump authorized federal troop deployments in Chicago as part of Operation Midway Blitz, a multi-agency surge aimed at "criminal illegal aliens" in Illinois and moved on to New Orleans in December.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/national-guard-troops-new-orleans-new-years-one-year-bourbon-street-attack/|title=National Guard troops patrol New Orleans on New Year's a year after Bourbon Street attack|first=Kati|last=Weis|publisher=CBS News|date=December 31, 2025|accessdate=December 31, 2025|archive-date=December 31, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231192135/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/national-guard-troops-new-orleans-new-years-one-year-bourbon-street-attack/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Cristal |title=Trump authorises deployment of 300 National Guard troops to Chicago |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2dnk0ee6pyo |website=BBC |date=6 October 2025 |quote=US President Donald Trump has authorised the deployment of 300 US troops to Chicago, to address what he said was out-of-control crime.}}</ref><ref name="AP 12-2-2025" />
On September 2, 2025, a federal judge ruled that the administration had illegally sent troops into Los Angeles in violation of the Posse Comitatus Act, a development described as potentially complicating Trump's threats for further military deployment.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=September 2, 2025|title=L.A. Ruling Complicates Trump's Threats to Send Troops to More Cities|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/02/us/trump-military-cities.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=September 6, 2025|archive-date=September 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905173555/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/02/us/trump-military-cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Further court cases and appeals questioned the legality of the deployments, with the U.S. Supreme Court rejecting an administration emergency appeal of a lower court ruling blocking the National Guard deployment to Chicago.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Totenberg|first1=Nina|last2=Lonsdorf|first2=Kat|date=December 23, 2025|title=Supreme Court rules against Trump in National Guard case |work=NPR News|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/12/23/nx-s1-5641959/supreme-court-chicago-national-guard|access-date=January 6, 2025}}</ref><ref name="AP 12-23-2025" /><ref name="Politico 12-23-2025" /> On December 31, Trump announced that the administration would be ending its efforts to deploy the National Guard to Los Angeles, Portland, and Chicago, while suggesting that future National Guard deployments in those cities were still possible.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Price|first1=Michelle L.|last2=Ding|first2=Jaimie|date=December 31, 2025|title=Trump says he's dropping push for National Guard in Chicago, LA and Portland, Oregon, for now|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-national-guard-withdrawal-cities-6b7b02b832b24e17e6db483eb6c74425|access-date=December 31, 2025|archive-date=December 31, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231213050/https://apnews.com/article/trump-national-guard-withdrawal-cities-6b7b02b832b24e17e6db483eb6c74425|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Judd|first=Donald|date=December 31, 2025|title=Trump says he's withdrawing National Guard from Chicago, Los Angeles and Portland|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/31/politics/trump-national-gaurd-withdrawl-chicago-los-angeles-portland|access-date=December 31, 2025}}</ref> In January 2026, all troops deployed to Chicago, Portland, and Los Angeles were withdrawn,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jester|first1=Julia|last2=Lim|first2=Clarissa-Jan|date=February 11, 2026|title=Trump administration withdraws National Guard from Chicago, LA, Portland|publisher=MS NOW|url=https://www.ms.now/news/trump-administration-withdraws-national-guard-from-chicago-l-a-portland|access-date=February 12, 2026}}</ref> while the National Guard deployment to the District of Columbia was extended to the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Toropin|first=Konstantin|date=January 16, 2026|title=National Guard troops to stay on Washington, DC, streets through 2026|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-washington-dc-trump-db4e232d38ae5978975191edd496b94c|access-date=February 11, 2026|archive-date=February 8, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208120813/https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-washington-dc-trump-db4e232d38ae5978975191edd496b94c|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the same month, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that the deployments to Los Angeles, Memphis, Portland, Chicago, and the District of Columbia cost $496 million from June through December 2025, and would cost $93 million per month if all five deployments and the deployment in New Orleans were continued in 2026 (which would amount to $1.1 billion in total if continued for the whole year).<ref>{{cite news|last=Timotija|first=Filip|date=January 28, 2026|title=Trump's deployment of National Guard costs taxpayers nearly $500 million, CBO says|work=The Hill|publisher=Nexstar Media Group|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/5711415-national-guard-troops-taxpayer-burden/|access-date=January 29, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fayaz|first=Aleena|date=January 29, 2026|title=Trump's National Guard deployments have cost taxpayers nearly $500 million|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/29/politics/national-guard-trump-deployment-cost-taxpayers|access-date=January 29, 2026|archive-date=January 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130145351/https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/29/politics/national-guard-trump-deployment-cost-taxpayers|url-status=live}}</ref> A minority staff report issued by the Senate Homeland Security Committee in February 2026 estimated that the deployment to the District of Columbia alone from August 2025 through the end of the month would cost $332 million (or $602 million on an annualized basis), which compared with a $599 million budget for the Metropolitan Police Department for fiscal year 2026.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thorp V|first1=Frank|last2=Guilfoil|first2=Kyla|date=February 5, 2026|title=Democrats criticize cost of National Guard deployment in D.C. and its results in new report|publisher=NBC News|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/democrats-criticize-cost-national-guard-deployment-dc-results-new-repo-rcna257470|access-date=February 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fields|first=Ashleigh|date=February 5, 2026|title=DC National Guard deployment costs more than $1M per day, has no public safety impact: Democrats|work=The Hill|publisher=Nexstar Media Group|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5725168-dc-national-guard-cost/|access-date=February 7, 2026|archive-date=February 10, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210024043/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5725168-dc-national-guard-cost/|url-status=live}}</ref> As noted by local elected and law enforcement officials,<ref name="NPR 8-19-2025" /><ref name="AP 9-26-2025" /><ref name="AP 9-30-2025" /> crime statistics from before the National Guard deployments showed falling violent crime and property crime rates in Portland,<ref>{{cite news|last=Shaikh|first=Zaeem|date=September 19, 2025|title=Portland crime data contradicts Trump's 'living in hell' claim|work=The Oregonian|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2025/09/portland-crime-data-contradicts-trumps-living-in-hell-claim.html|access-date=February 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Portland has one of the highest property crime rates in the U.S.|date=October 21, 2025|publisher=KOIN|agency=The Hill|url=https://www.koin.com/news/portland/portland-has-one-of-the-highest-property-crime-rates-in-the-u-s/|access-date=February 7, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref name="KOIN 11-11-2025">{{cite news|last=Rhoades|first=Amanda|date=November 11, 2025|title=Report shows violent crime was already going down in Portland and other cities|publisher=KOIN|url=https://www.koin.com/news/portland/report-shows-violent-crime-was-already-going-down-in-portland-and-other-cities/|access-date=February 7, 2026}}</ref> Los Angeles,<ref name="States Newsroom 10-17-2025">{{cite news|last=Watford|first=Amanda|date=October 17, 2025|title=Trump isn't sending troops to cities with highest crime rates, data shows|publisher=States Newsroom|url=https://stateline.org/2025/10/17/trump-isnt-sending-troops-to-cities-with-highest-crime-rates-data-shows/|access-date=February 7, 2026|archive-date=February 15, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215173813/https://stateline.org/2025/10/17/trump-isnt-sending-troops-to-cities-with-highest-crime-rates-data-shows/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KOIN 11-11-2025" /> Chicago,<ref>{{cite news|last=Tenenbaum|first=Sara|date=September 3, 2025|title=Is Chicago crime out of control, as Trump claims? The data says no|publisher=WBBM|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/chicago-crime-data-trump-national-guard/|access-date=February 7, 2026|archive-date=February 15, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215164810/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/chicago-crime-data-trump-national-guard/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kaufmann|first=Justin|date=November 10, 2025|title=Chicago's crime decline weakens Trump's argument for federal takeover|website=Axios|publisher=Cox Enterprises|url=https://www.axios.com/local/chicago/2025/11/10/crime-decline-homicides-october-trump-national-guard-scotus-johnson|access-date=February 7, 2026|archive-date=February 9, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209203359/https://www.axios.com/local/chicago/2025/11/10/crime-decline-homicides-october-trump-national-guard-scotus-johnson|url-status=live}}</ref> Memphis,<ref name="States Newsroom 10-17-2025" /><ref name="KOIN 11-11-2025" /> New Orleans,<ref name="AP 9-30-2025" /><ref name="KOIN 11-11-2025" /> and the District of Columbia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Webb|first=Susie|date=September 10, 2025|title=Here's the latest on Washington, D.C.'s crime numbers 30 days after National Guard deployment|publisher=WBAL|url=https://www.wbaltv.com/article/washington-dc-crime-national-guard-numbers/66041799|access-date=February 7, 2026|archive-date=February 13, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213140306/https://www.wbaltv.com/article/washington-dc-crime-national-guard-numbers/66041799|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="States Newsroom 10-17-2025" /><ref name="KOIN 11-11-2025" />
==Background== {{Quote box | quote = "I have the right to do anything I want to do. I'm the president of the United States. If I think our country is in danger, and it is in danger in these cities, I can do it." | source = — Trump's explanation of his power to send the military into American cities during a cabinet meeting on August 26, 2025.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=John T.|date=August 27, 2025|title=The US system always had loopholes. Trump 2.0 exploits what others resisted |work=Roll Call|url=https://rollcall.com/2025/08/27/the-u-s-system-always-had-loopholes-trump-2-0-exploits-what-others-resisted/|url-access=subscription|access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref> | width = 300px }}
During his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump said he would use the military to end protests without consent from state governors, actions which his aides had talked him out of during his first term.<ref name="Savage 07082025">{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |date=June 8, 2025 |title=Key Legal Questions in Trump's Order of National Guard to LA Protests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/08/us/politics/trump-los-angeles-national-guard-explainer.html |access-date=June 10, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930173453/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/08/us/politics/trump-los-angeles-national-guard-explainer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also stated he would use the military against "the enemy within",<ref name="Pilkington 06092025">{{Cite news|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=June 9, 2025|title=Trump LA protest response risks turning US military into political force, veterans warn|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/09/veterans-trump-national-guard-la-protests|url-access=subscription|access-date=June 10, 2025}}</ref> which Trump described as "radical left lunatics", Democratic politicians, and those opposed to his candidacy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stracqualursi|first1=Veronica|title=Trump suggests using military against 'enemy from within' on Election Day|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/13/politics/trump-military-enemy-from-within-election-day/index.html|website=CNN|date=October 14, 2024|archive-date=October 24, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241024050412/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/13/politics/trump-military-enemy-from-within-election-day/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lerer 10152024">{{cite news|last1=Lerer|first1=Lisa|last2=Gold|first2=Michael|title=Trump Escalates Threats to Political Opponents He Deems the 'Enemy'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/15/us/politics/trump-opponents-enemy-within.html|work=The New York Times|date=October 15, 2024|archive-date=October 16, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241016160155/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/15/us/politics/trump-opponents-enemy-within.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following his election, the Trump administration launched successive purges of top military and intelligence leadership whose views were seen as being at odds with Trump.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Idrees|last2=Landay|first2=Jonathan|date=August 22, 2025|title=In latest purge, Hegseth removes head of Pentagon intelligence agency, other senior officials|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/latest-purge-hegseth-removes-head-pentagon-intelligence-agency-other-senior-2025-08-22/|access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref> As early as February 2025, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth fired multiple military lawyers, saying that "we want lawyers who give sound constitutional advice and don't exist to attempt to be roadblocks to anything".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fortinsky|first=Sarah|date=February 24, 2025|title=Hegseth: Fired military lawyers were potential 'roadblocks' to Trump orders|work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/5162069-pentagon-officers-fired/|url-access=subscription|access-date=September 6, 2025|archive-date=August 29, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829024343/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/5162069-pentagon-officers-fired/|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump expanded the domestic use of the military, which former military officials and experts on civil–military relations described as an attempt to get Americans used to seeing troops in major American cities and allow Trump to more aggressively quell unrest and dissent.<ref name="Broadwater 06112025">{{Cite news|last=Broadwater|first=Luke|date=June 11, 2025|title=Suggesting More Troops in More Cities, Trump Bends Military's Role|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/11/us/politics/trump-domestic-military-expansion.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=September 6, 2025|archive-date=June 11, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611234318/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/11/us/politics/trump-domestic-military-expansion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August, Trump signed an executive order directing the National Guard to create specialized military units to quell civil disturbances in American states to be deployed at his command.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ismay|first1=John|last2=Cooper|first2=Helene|last3=Schmitt|first3=Eric|date=August 25, 2025|title=Trump Orders Major Expansion of National Guard's Role in Law Enforcement|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/25/us/politics/trump-national-guard.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=September 6, 2025|archive-date=September 4, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904003816/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/25/us/politics/trump-national-guard.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In September 2025, Pentagon leadership unveiled a draft of the National Defense Strategy, which in a dramatic shift from prior plans, prioritized domestic and regional missions rather than combating Russia and China.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=McLeary|first1=Paul|last2=Lippman|first2=Daniel|date=September 5, 2025|title=Pentagon plan prioritizes homeland over China threat|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/09/05/pentagon-national-defense-strategy-china-homeland-western-hemisphere-00546310|access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref> During a September 30 meeting with over 800 generals and admirals, Trump stated that the deployments should be used as "training grounds for our military" and described America as waging "a war from within"; saying that "America is under invasion from within" and that it was "No different than a foreign enemy, but more difficult in many ways because they don’t wear uniforms."<ref name="Samuels 2025">{{Cite news|last1=Samuels|first1=Brett|date=September 30, 2025|title=Trump suggests using 'dangerous' US cities as 'training grounds' for military|work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5528730-trump-military-training-cities-crime-crackdown/|access-date=September 30, 2025|archive-date=September 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930150622/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5528730-trump-military-training-cities-crime-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Deployments == === Los Angeles === {{Further|June 2025 Los Angeles protests}} {{See also|Joint Task Force 51}}
[[File:Los Angeles riots - June 2025 - 20250613.jpg|thumb|California National Guard soldiers deployed in Los Angeles on June 12, 2025]] thumb|Hollywood and Vermont protest
In June 2025, Trump ordered 700 Marines and 4,000 National Guard troops to Los Angeles amid protests against immigration raids, overriding California governor Gavin Newsom's objections.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zinshteyn |first=Mikhail |date=August 11, 2025 |title=5 things to know as Newsom and Trump go back to court over the National Guard in LA |url=https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/newsom-vs-trump-national-guard/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |work=CalMatters |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824051520/https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/newsom-vs-trump-national-guard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 2, U.S. district judge Charles Breyer ruled that the Trump administration had violated the Posse Comitatus Act in its deployment of military forces, and that the rationale for deployment was contrived, writing that there "was no rebellion, nor was civilian law enforcement unable to respond to the protests and enforce the law".<ref name="Cheney 05022025"/>
''The New York Times'' described the federalization and deployment of the California National Guard as Trump "pushing the boundaries of presidential authority and stoking criticism that he is inflaming the situation for political gain" by portraying the events as an "existential threat to the country,"<ref name="Pager 07082025">{{Cite news |last=Pager |first=Tyler |date=June 8, 2025 |title=Trump Jumps at the Chance for a Confrontation in California Over Immigration |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/08/us/politics/trump-california-immigration.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 9, 2025 |work=The New York Times |quote=They have shared images and videos of the most violent episodes — focusing particularly on examples of protesters lashing out at federal agents — even as many remained peaceful. |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610090414/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/08/us/politics/trump-california-immigration.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and embracing the rhetoric of a nation under siege with Trump saying he needed to "liberate Los Angeles" from a "migrant invasion."<ref name="Liptak 06102025">{{Cite news|last=Liptak|first=Alan|date=June 10, 2025|title=Trump Declares Dubious Emergencies to Amass Power, Scholars Say|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/us/politics/trump-emergency-powers-invasion.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=June 10, 2025|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610163018/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/us/politics/trump-emergency-powers-invasion.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Communications experts described the language as militaristic, hyperbolic, inflammatory, and designed to discourage dissent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collinson |first=Stephen |date=June 11, 2025 |title=Trump is hyping a case to use American troops on domestic soil |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/11/politics/trump-military-los-angeles-protests-fort-bragg |access-date=June 12, 2025 |work=CNN |quote=This is more than typical Trumpian hyperbole. There's a long tradition of autocratic-style leaders creating or exaggerating public-order incidents to justify the use of the military. |archive-date=June 12, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612015559/https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/11/politics/trump-military-los-angeles-protests-fort-bragg |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kanno-Youngs|first1=Zolan|last2=Aleaziz|first2=Hamed|last3=Lajka|first3=Arijeta|date=June 12, 2025|title=Trump's Immigration P.R. Campaign Enters a New Militarized Phase|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/12/us/politics/trump-immigration-pr-campaign.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=June 12, 2025|quote=Now, a visual communications strategy meant to encourage immigrants without legal status to leave the United States has melded into a militarized pressure campaign that also appears devised to discourage dissent, experts said.|archive-date=June 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612215624/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/12/us/politics/trump-immigration-pr-campaign.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
''The Economist'' described the response as only barely concerned with restoring order,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 8, 2025 |title=Sending the National Guard to LA is not about stopping rioting |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2025/06/08/sending-the-national-guard-to-la-is-not-about-stopping-rioting |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 9, 2025 |newspaper=The Economist |archive-date=June 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608212404/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2025/06/08/sending-the-national-guard-to-la-is-not-about-stopping-rioting |url-status=live }}</ref> and stated its purpose was to "create confrontation" and fuel a "cycle of protest, violence and repression" to the administration's benefit.<ref name="Economist 07092025">{{Cite news |date=June 9, 2025 |title=What's happening in LA could be a template for the Trump administration |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/06/09/whats-happening-in-la-could-be-a-template-for-the-trump-administration |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 9, 2025 |newspaper=The Economist |quote=the cycle of protest, violence and repression often benefits the political right, even when the unrest is fanned by the government itself. In Los Angeles neither the local police department, nor the mayor or the governor thought the presence of the National Guard would help restore order. But to point that out is to misunderstand why Mr Trump ordered troops in. That was to create confrontation. |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610075502/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/06/09/whats-happening-in-la-could-be-a-template-for-the-trump-administration |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Politico'' described Trump's response as motivated by attempting to avoid a repeat of the George Floyd protests when he was advised against deploying the military, as acting in his belief of a governing mandate by voters that fueled his 2024 election victory, and serving as a warning to other city and state leaders.<ref name="Ward 06102025">{{Cite news|last=Ward|first=Myah|date=June 10, 2025|title=George Floyd unrest informs Trump's response to Los Angeles protests|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/10/george-floyd-unrest-informs-trumps-response-to-los-angeles-protests-00398528|access-date=June 10, 2025|archive-date=June 11, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611134146/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/10/george-floyd-unrest-informs-trumps-response-to-los-angeles-protests-00398528|url-status=live}}</ref> Internal military communications expressed concerns of "far-reaching social, political and operational" impacts of the deployment, and that use of military forces posed "extremely high" risk to civilians, troops, and the military's reputation.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hals|first=Tom|date=August 29, 2025|title=Exclusive: Military feared mistakes in LA deployment could have 'far-reaching' implications, records show|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/military-feared-mistakes-la-deployment-could-have-far-reaching-implications-2025-08-29/|access-date=September 5, 2025}}</ref>
On December 15, National Guard troops left the city following a court order for the deployment to end.<ref name="LA Times 12-15-2025" />
=== Washington, D.C. === {{Main|Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia}}
[[File:W.Va. National Guardsmen Patrol U Street Metro Station in Washington D.C.jpg|thumb|West Virginia guardsmen patrolling U Street station in Washington, D.C., October 20, 2025]]
Approximately 2,000 National Guard troops, including about 800 from the District of Columbia National Guard, were deployed in August 2025 under a presidential memorandum and Executive Order 14339.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 23, 2025 |title=Trump mobilizing up to 1,700 National Guard troops in 19 states in crime crackdown |url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-national-guard-military-states-cities-b2812837.html |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823223237/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-national-guard-military-states-cities-b2812837.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Memorandum on Restoring Law and Order in the District of Columbia|date=August 11, 2025|journal=Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents|publisher=Office of the Federal Register|volume=2025|number=00845|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-202500845/pdf/DCPD-202500845.pdf|access-date=January 31, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Additional Measures To Address the Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia|date=August 28, 2025|journal=Federal Register|publisher=Office of the Federal Register|volume=90|number=165|pages=42121–42123|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-08-28/pdf/2025-16614.pdf|access-date=January 31, 2026|archive-date=November 14, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114113320/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-08-28/pdf/2025-16614.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Executive Order 14333, the administration federalized the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department (MPDC) for 30 days and armed the troops for patrols in tourist areas rather than high-crime zones.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reid |first=Tim |date=August 24, 2025 |title=Trump crime crackdown deploys troops in Washington's safest sites |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-crime-crackdown-deploys-troops-washingtons-safest-sites-2025-08-23/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia|date=August 14, 2025|journal=Federal Register|publisher=Office of the Federal Register|volume=90|number=155|pages=39301–39303|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-08-14/pdf/2025-15550.pdf|access-date=February 1, 2026}}</ref> Trump claimed this had brought "total safety" and a "miracle" reduction in crime, citing a week without murders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pangambam |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Transcript: President Trump Remarks on FIFA World Cup, Putin, DC Crime |url=https://singjupost.com/transcript-president-trump-remarks-on-fifa-world-cup-putin-dc-crime/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=The Singju Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Daniel |date=August 12, 2025 |title=Fact check: Violent crime in DC has fallen in 2024 and 2025 after a 2023 spike {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/11/politics/violent-crime-dc-fact-check-vis |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823145136/https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/11/politics/violent-crime-dc-fact-check-vis |url-status=live }}</ref> Before the military intervention, crime statistics showed D.C. being in a 30-year low in crime, although there was a small spike in lethality in 2023 that since came down.<ref name="NPR 8-19-2025">{{Cite news|last=Kim|first=Julianna|date=August 19, 2025|title=D.C.'s crime numbers are all the buzz. But how do we interpret them accurately?|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/08/19/nx-s1-5506208/dc-crime-trump-explained|access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref> However, a Washington, D.C., police commissioner was placed on leave for allegedly falsifying crime data in mid-May, and the city police union has claimed that underreporting of crime is a systemic problem.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wagner |first1=Paul |date=July 18, 2025 |title=DC police commander suspended, accused of changing crime statistics |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/dc-police-commander-suspended-crime-statistics/3959566/ |access-date=October 22, 2025 |website=NBC Washington}}</ref> Over 700 arrests and 91 illegal firearms seizures were reported by August 24.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2025 |title=719 arrests, 91 illegal guns seized in DC since beginning of Trump's federal takeover: Bondi |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/719-arrests-91-illegal-guns-113755324.html |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US |archive-date=August 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825015844/https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/719-arrests-91-illegal-guns-113755324.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A CNN poll conducted showed that nearly 80% of D.C. residents opposed the deployment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards-Levy |first=Ariel |date=August 20, 2025 |title=DC residents feel less safe after Trump takeover: poll {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/20/politics/washington-dc-police-national-guard-poll |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824071836/https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/20/politics/washington-dc-police-national-guard-poll |url-status=live }}</ref> Troops were mobilized from Republican-led states which had 10 cities with higher crime rates than D.C.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Marshall|date=August 22, 2025|title=GOP governors are sending troops to DC. Their states have 10 cities with higher crime rates|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/22/politics/gop-governors-troops-dc-10-cities-crime-rates|url-access=subscription|access-date=|archive-date=September 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901144938/https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/22/politics/gop-governors-troops-dc-10-cities-crime-rates|issn=|quote=|url-status=live}}</ref>
The federalization of the MPDC ended on September 10,<ref>{{cite news|last=Fields|first=Gary|date=September 9, 2025|title=Takeaways from Trump's federal law enforcement surge in DC as his emergency order is set to expire|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-washington-dc-guard-police-crime-cd2bc19a0c6b7e4bf3a2e1da6c57ce6e|access-date=November 21, 2025|archive-date=November 17, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117212217/https://apnews.com/article/trump-washington-dc-guard-police-crime-cd2bc19a0c6b7e4bf3a2e1da6c57ce6e|url-status=live}}</ref> but the National Guard deployment was initially extended to November 30 and subsequently to February 2026.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flaherty|first1=Anne|last2=Boccia|first2=Chris|date=September 4, 2025|title=Army extends orders for DC National Guard through Nov. 30: Officials|publisher=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/army-extends-orders-dc-national-guard-nov-30/story?id=125266247|access-date=November 21, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Toropin|first=Konstantin|date=November 5, 2025|title=DC National Guard deployment in the nation's capital ordered by Trump is extended to Feb. 28|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-trump-deployment-washington-cbae3a840cec29b0d361413fbe162e14|access-date=November 21, 2025|archive-date=November 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123060350/https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-trump-deployment-washington-cbae3a840cec29b0d361413fbe162e14|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 26, a shooting took place outside of Farragut West station, leaving one soldier from the West Virginia National Guard dead and another injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyx4y6007lo|title=One National Guard member dies after shooting in Washington DC|work=BBC News|access-date=November 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Campbell |last2=Troianovski |first2=Anton |last3=Demirjia |first3=Karoun |date=2025-11-26 |title=D.C. Shooting Live Updates: Two National Guard Members Shot Near White House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/11/26/us/national-guard-shooting-dc |access-date=2025-11-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref> In response, Trump ordered the deployment of 500 additional National Guard troops.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Richer|first1=Alanna Durkin|last2=Fields|first2=Gary|date=November 26, 2025|title=2 National Guard members shot in an ambush attack just blocks from the White House|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-shooting-dc-c5785dd8920d2d1ac7d71fab769faf5f|access-date=November 26, 2025}}</ref>
=== Memphis ===
On September 12, 2025, Trump announced the deployment of National Guardsmen to Memphis, Tennessee, saying that "Memphis is deeply troubled" and that he would have preferred deploying the troops to Chicago. He did not specify when the troops would be deployed to the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9v7ydn7dv1o.amp|title=Memphis next US city to see National Guard troops, Trump says|first=Ava|last=Faguy|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC|date=September 12, 2025|access-date=September 12, 2025|archive-date=September 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912173649/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9v7ydn7dv1o.amp|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2025, FBI statistics indicated that Memphis was among the cities with the highest rates of violent crime. Compared to previous years, Memphis' crime was at a 25-year low according to the Memphis Police Department.<ref name="AP 9-26-2025">{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-memphis-trump-what-to-know-e8c579cd024d36d3ae2a61e1517269fd|title=What to know about the National Guard and federal agencies coming to Memphis|first=Jonathan|last=Mattise|publisher=Associated Press|date=September 26, 2025|accessdate=October 4, 2025|archive-date=October 4, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004035759/https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-memphis-trump-what-to-know-e8c579cd024d36d3ae2a61e1517269fd|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.memphispolice.org/news/memphis-crime-drops-to-historic-25-year-low-across-major-categories/|title=Memphis Crime Drops to Historic 25-Year Low Across Major Categories|publisher=Memphis Police Department|date=September 9, 2025|accessdate=October 4, 2025}}</ref> Trump did not indicate under what authority the troops would be deployed in Memphis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-deploy-national-guard-memphis-trump-says-2025-09-12/|title=US to deploy National Guard to Memphis, Trump says|first1=Jarrett|last1=Renshaw|first2=Andy|last2=Sullivan|date=September 12, 2025|access-date=September 12, 2025|website=reuters.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
On September 15, 2025, Trump signed a presidential memorandum directing the Secretary of Defense to request that the Governor of Tennessee deploy the Tennessee National Guard to Memphis and coordinate with other state governors to mobilize other state National Guards for deployment to Memphis, and ordering the deployment of federal law enforcement as part of a task force to coordinate operations with the National Guard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-memphis-tennessee-national-guard-chicago/|title=Trump signs memo sending federal law enforcement to join Tennessee National Guard in Memphis|first=Kathryn|last=Wilson|publisher=CBS News|date=September 15, 2025|accessdate=September 15, 2025|archive-date=September 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915215441/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-memphis-tennessee-national-guard-chicago/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Memorandum on Restoring Law and Order in Memphis|date=September 15, 2025|journal=Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents|publisher=Office of the Federal Register|volume=2025|number=00916|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-202500916/pdf/DCPD-202500916.pdf|access-date=February 1, 2026}}</ref> Members of the Memphis municipal government, including Memphis mayor Paul Young and Memphis city council members, spoke against the planned deployment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/13/politics/video/memphis-mayor-national-guard-trump-digvid|title=Memphis mayor is 'not happy' about Trump saying he'll deploy National Guard to his city|publisher=CNN|date=September 13, 2025|access-date=September 19, 2025|archive-date=September 16, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916134223/https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/13/politics/video/memphis-mayor-national-guard-trump-digvid|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/09/19/we-say-no-memphis-city-council-introduces-resolution-stop-national-guard-republicans-fire-back/|title='We say no:' Memphis City Council introduces resolution to stop National Guard, Republicans fire back|first1=Jacob|last1=Gallant|first2=Michaela|last2=Redmond|publisher=Action New 5 Memphis|date=September 18, 2025|access-date=September 19, 2025}}</ref> The Shelby County Board of Commissioners voted on a pair of resolutions to either support a ninety-day deployment or call on Tennessee Governor Bill Lee to oppose the deployment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/shelby-county-commissioners-to-discuss-national-guards-arrival-in-memphis/article_97d0a877-98be-457b-94a7-d36b019ea42e.html|title=Shelby County Commissioners to discuss National Guard's arrival in Memphis|first=Shelia|last=O'Connor|publisher=Fox 13 Memphis|date=September 22, 2025|accessdate=September 22, 2025}}</ref> Both resolutions were rejected by the Shelby County Board of Commissioners.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/shelby-county-commission-rejects-resolutions-over-national-guard/article_8c3ba794-2160-42a5-bcaf-388275dfdf41.html|title=Shelby County Commission rejects resolutions over National Guard|publisher=Fox 13 Memphis|date=September 23, 2025|accessdate=September 23, 2025|archive-date=September 23, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923135004/https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/shelby-county-commission-rejects-resolutions-over-national-guard/article_8c3ba794-2160-42a5-bcaf-388275dfdf41.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shelby County mayor Lee Harris was less willing to compromise than Young in his opposition to the planned deployment of federal forces to Memphis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/politics/2025/09/22/how-both-mayors-representing-memphis-tn-responded-to-national-guard-news/85989746007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z11xx59p119650c119650e005100v11xx59b0056xxd005665&gca-ft=156&gca-ds=sophi|title=How National Guard responses from the Shelby County and Memphis mayors compare|first=Brooke|last=Muckerman|publisher=The Commercial Appeal|date=September 22, 2025|accessdate=September 22, 2025}}</ref>
On October 1, 2025, an increased presence of federal law enforcement was visible in Memphis. The same day, Homeland Security Advisor Stephen Miller told officers of the '''Memphis Safe Task Force''' that they were "unleashed".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Birsel |first=Robert |date=2025-10-02 |title=Stephen Miller's Message to Cops Met With Shock, Praise |url=https://www.newsweek.com/stephen-miller-unleashed-message-memphis-police-10815421 |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Turman |first=Lauren |date=2025-10-24 |title=Viral traffic stop costs TSA employee her job and raises questions for federal workers |url=https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/nation-world/viral-traffic-stop-tsa-employee-federal-workers-memphis-task-force/507-72ede52f-1cfc-48f3-bca0-8e0977102bd3 |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=WFAA News |language=en-US}}</ref> The task force incorporated at least 219 federally deputized officers at the beginning of October. Governor Lee indicated that he believed that any deployment of National Guard troops would include no more than 150 unarmed personnel who would not make arrests unless requested to do so by local authorities.<ref name=ToKnow>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/02/us/trump-national-guard-portland-memphis-wwk-hnk|title=What to know about Trump's latest federal deployments in Memphis, Portland and other US cities|first=Hanna|last=Park|date=October 2, 2025|access-date=October 2, 2025|publisher=CNN|archive-date=October 2, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002132400/https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/02/us/trump-national-guard-portland-memphis-wwk-hnk|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Chicago === {{main|Operation Midway Blitz}}
[[File:No More Deportations Shut Down the Broadview ICE Facility 9 27 2025 20250927 3443 (54816991375).jpg|thumb|right|ICE agents on top of the Broadview ICE Detention Center on September 9, 2025]] {{Immigration policy of the second Trump administration sidebar|expanded=related}}
The Pentagon was planning a military deployment in Chicago, Illinois, for weeks ahead of August 2025, with reports at the time stating that thousands of National Guard troops could be mobilized by September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2025 |title=Pentagon reportedly planning military deployment in Chicago; Pritzker accuses Trump of "attempting to manufacture a crisis" - CBS Chicago |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/brandon-johnson-donald-trump-threat-national-guard-crime-chicago/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823232823/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/brandon-johnson-donald-trump-threat-national-guard-crime-chicago/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, by October 11, no such deployment had occurred. Trump has repeatedly singled out Chicago as "next," calling it a "mess" and claiming residents are "screaming" for federal intervention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2025 |title='Stay out of our city': Chicago officials react to Trump's plan to target city next in crackdown |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-08-24/stay-out-of-our-city-chicago-officials-slam-trumps-threat-to-target-city-in-next-crime-crackdown |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824185132/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-08-24/stay-out-of-our-city-chicago-officials-slam-trumps-threat-to-target-city-in-next-crime-crackdown |url-status=live }}</ref> No formal request has been made to Illinois officials, and crime data shows significant declines (homicides down 30%, shootings down 40% in the past year).<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2025 |title=Gov. Pritzker says state of Illinois is seeing major drop in violent crime alongside Chicago - CBS Chicago |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/gov-pritzker-state-of-illinois-drop-in-violent-crime/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=September 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926182309/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/gov-pritzker-state-of-illinois-drop-in-violent-crime/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On September 6, Trump threatened "''Apocalypse Now''"-style action against Chicago, writing "I love the smell of deportations in the morning" amid an AI-generated picture of himself as Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore in front of a burning Chicago skyline with helicopters and that "Chicago [is] about to find out why it's called the Department of WAR". The post was criticized by local elected leaders, with Governor of Illinois JB Pritzker writing, "The President of the United States is threatening to go to war with an American city. This is not a joke. This is not normal." Trump's threat came amidst large citywide celebrations and parades.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Juliana|last2=Wise|first2=Alana|last3=Lonsdorf|first3=Kat|date=September 6, 2025|title=Trump threatens 'Apocalypse Now'-style action against Chicago to boost deportations|work=NPR News|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/09/06/nx-s1-5532148/national-guard-chicago-baltimore-new-orleans|access-date=September 6, 2025}}</ref>
On September 28, Customs and Border Protection and Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents with automatic weapons and full combat gear patrolled high-visibility tourist areas in downtown Chicago. An investigation was launched by Broadview police into an "unprovoked attack" by ICE who allegedly shot a chemical munition at a WBBM-TV Chicago news van.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sainz|first1=Adrian|last2=Tareen|first2=Sophia|date=September 28, 2025|title=Things to know about federal law enforcement activity in Chicago, Portland, Memphis|work=AP News|url=https://apnews.com/article/portland-chicago-memphis-federal-crackdowns-trump-7a45dcf0e7e2bd7debb38603e5b4f660|access-date=September 29, 2025|archive-date=October 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005215603/https://apnews.com/article/portland-chicago-memphis-federal-crackdowns-trump-7a45dcf0e7e2bd7debb38603e5b4f660|url-status=live}}</ref>
In early October, Trump officially authorized the National Guard to be deployed to Chicago.<ref name=":4" /> On November 15, a Department of Defense official stated that hundreds of National Guard troops that were dispatched to Chicago and Portland, Oregon, but not deployed due to legal challenges would be returning to Texas and California.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-11-16 |title=Hundreds of National Guard members to leave Portland, Chicago, source says|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hundreds-of-national-guard-members-to-leave-portland-chicago-source-says/|work=CBS News}}</ref>
=== New Orleans === On December 2, 2025, Trump announced plans to send the National Guard to New Orleans.<ref name="AP 12-2-2025">{{cite news |last1=Cline |first1=Sara |last2=Brook |first2=Jack |title=Trump says National Guard will be sent to New Orleans |url=https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-national-guard-deployment-ce69c94912719c4146998667831e4fbf |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=December 2, 2025 |date=December 2, 2025 |archive-date=December 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202213956/https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-national-guard-deployment-ce69c94912719c4146998667831e4fbf |url-status=live }}</ref> The previous September, Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry requested 1,000 troops in September citing elevated levels of crime in New Orleans, Shreveport, and Baton Rouge.<ref>{{cite news|title=Louisiana's governor asks for National Guard deployment to New Orleans and other cities|date=September 30, 2025|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-governor-national-guard-troops-crime-d6cde1b872bfd4d4cbe0a676f6f3bf14|access-date=December 3, 2025}}</ref> Landry said the troops would likely arrive before Christmas and would not be deployed only to New Orleans.<ref name="AP 12-2-2025" /> The announcement came a day before a separate deployment of 250 Border Patrol agents by the Department of Homeland Security (called the "Swamp Sweep") began.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brook|first1=Jack|last2=Cline|first2=Sara|date=December 3, 2025|title=Federal agents launch immigration crackdown in New Orleans|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-louisiana-immigration-d0e4de8cd5bf9c7ca59ae38d803f93f2|access-date=December 3, 2025|archive-date=December 3, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203142107/https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-louisiana-immigration-d0e4de8cd5bf9c7ca59ae38d803f93f2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Brook|first1=Jack|last2=Cline|first2=Sara|date=November 18, 2025|title=DHS plans to deploy 250 border agents to Louisiana in major immigration sweep, AP sources say|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-border-patrol-swamp-sweep-1d30a524e80fa25912a38c3aea79832b|access-date=December 3, 2025}}</ref>
Outgoing New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell said before Trump's announcement that she was open to working with the administration to improve public safety in the city,<ref name="AP 12-2-2025" /> while the assistant superintendent of the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) said in September that crime rates in the city were falling.<ref name="AP 9-30-2025">{{cite news|last1=Brook|first1=Jack|last2=Murphy|first2=Sean|date=September 30, 2025|title=New Orleans police official says crime is down after governor requests National Guard troops|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/federal-crackdowns-louisiana-troops-deployment-1970bdb2ce131ab18e353ccdfa25c3ca|access-date=December 3, 2025|archive-date=November 22, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122143827/https://apnews.com/article/federal-crackdowns-louisiana-troops-deployment-1970bdb2ce131ab18e353ccdfa25c3ca|url-status=live}}</ref> Incoming Mayor Helena Moreno opposes the National Guard deployment and has expressed concerns about potential due process violations with the Border Patrol deployment, but stated that NOPD policy is that immigration law is outside of its jurisdiction to enforce.<ref name="AP 12-2-2025" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Brook|first1=Jack|last2=Cline|first2=Sara|date=November 20, 2025|title=Multicultural New Orleans awaits arrival of 'Swamp Sweep' immigration crackdown|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/federal-immigration-crackdown-new-orleans-55119a4cf4e6da418e38287cb20c0ef4|access-date=December 3, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127033605/https://apnews.com/article/federal-immigration-crackdown-new-orleans-55119a4cf4e6da418e38287cb20c0ef4|url-status=live}}</ref> Baton Rouge Mayor Sid Edwards expressed support for the National Guard deployment to his city after Trump's announcement due to a police shortage,<ref name="AP 12-2-2025" /> while the Baton Rouge City Council issued a press release in September expressing opposition to Landry's request.<ref>{{cite web |title=Councilmembers Oppose Governor Landry's Request for National Guard Deployment in Baton Rouge |url=https://www.brla.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/1594 |website=City of Baton Rouge |access-date=October 23, 2025 |date=September 30, 2025 |archive-date=November 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251118130632/https://www.brla.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/1594 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October, Shreveport Mayor Tom Arceneaux said that while crime was already falling in his city and that he would prefer greater deployments of Louisiana State Police officers, he was willing to receive the National Guard deployment.<ref name="AP 12-2-2025" />
On December 23, Trump approved the deployment of an additional 350 National Guard troops to New Orleans.<ref>{{cite news|last=Madhani|first=Aamer|date=December 23, 2025|title=Trump approves deployment of 350 National Guard members to New Orleans|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-new-orleans-national-guard-landry-bc56e4651a043ab1cf64754be78fdf5a|access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref> On December 29, NOPD officials announced that the National Guard would be patrolling New Orleans during the upcoming New Year's celebrations, but would not be assisting with immigration law enforcement, would be confined to the French Quarter, and would be conducting operations similar to those after the 2025 New Orleans truck attack.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cline|first1=Sara|last2=Brook|first2=Jack|date=December 29, 2025|title=National Guard to patrol New Orleans for New Year's a year after deadly attack|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-new-years-national-guard-e4037cedc7eddad6891ae30a4df2c740|access-date=December 29, 2025|archive-date=December 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230002122/https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-new-years-national-guard-e4037cedc7eddad6891ae30a4df2c740|url-status=live}}</ref> 350 Louisiana National Guard troops arrived in New Orleans on December 30.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cline|first1=Sara|last2=Brook|first2=Jack|date=December 30, 2025|title=National Guard arrives in New Orleans for 1st New Year's since Bourbon Street attack|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-bourbon-attack-security-1298ae460051ab9d80e04f41ed7b6802|access-date=December 31, 2025|archive-date=December 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230232518/https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-bourbon-attack-security-1298ae460051ab9d80e04f41ed7b6802|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-national-guard-arrives-new-orleans/69894051|title=Louisiana National Guard arrives in New Orleans, driving Humvees down Bourbon Street|first=Erin|last=Lowrey|publisher=WDSU|date=December 31, 2025|accessdate=December 31, 2025|archive-date=December 31, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231172219/https://www.wdsu.com/article/louisiana-national-guard-arrives-new-orleans/69894051|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Potential deployments ==
=== Portland === {{Main|2025–2026 Portland, Oregon protests}}
thumb|Inflatable costumes made available by Operation Inflation
On September 27, Trump announced on Truth Social that he had ordered the U.S. Department of Defense to deploy troops to Portland to counter what he called "domestic terrorists" in "war-ravaged Portland".<ref name=portlanddeploymentplans>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/trump-portland-troops-hegseth-ice-defense-secretary-rcna234082|title=Trump directs defense secretary to deploy troops to Portland|first1=Alexandra|last1=Marquez|first2=Lindsey|last2=Pipia|first3=Gordon|last3=Lubold|first4=Courtney|last4=Kube|publisher=NBC News|date=September 27, 2025|accessdate=September 27, 2025|archive-date=September 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250927153723/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/trump-portland-troops-hegseth-ice-defense-secretary-rcna234082|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trump Orders U.S. Troops to Portland Citing Anti-ICE Protests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-09-27/trump-orders-us-troops-to-portland-authorizes-full-force |website=Bloomberg News |access-date=September 27, 2025 |date=September 27, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rush |first1=Claire |last2=Megerian |first2=Chris |title=Trump says he will send troops to Portland, Oregon, in latest deployment to US cities |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-federal-troops-portland-oregon-f8659de72f28289ef22bd924d149a52f |website=The Associated Press |access-date=September 27, 2025 |date=September 27, 2025 |archive-date=September 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250927150923/https://apnews.com/article/trump-federal-troops-portland-oregon-f8659de72f28289ef22bd924d149a52f |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump stated that he was authorizing the use of "full force," if necessary, in order to protect Portland-based ICE facilities.<ref name=portlanddeploymentplans /> On September 28, it was revealed that Oregon state leaders received a memo from Trump where he noted that he had ordered the deployment of 200 National Guard members to Portland, and that they were authorized to "perform federal functions for 60 days."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2025/09/28/oregon-portland-sue-trump-deployment/|title=Trump administration authorizes 200 National Guard members for Portland deployment|first=Conrad|last=Wilson|publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting|date=September 28, 2025|accessdate=September 28, 2025}}</ref>
Ongoing riots occurred around an ICE facility in the city for several months with few incidents. The movement peaked in June 2025,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2025 |title=National Guard troops temporarily blocked from deploying to Portland, judge rules |url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/federal-judge-ruling-oregon-lawsuit-troops-deployed-portland/283-feae45b3-24bc-49f3-aad8-185e8c7e1b79 |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=KGW News |publisher=Tegna Inc. |language=en-US |archive-date=October 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005024951/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/federal-judge-ruling-oregon-lawsuit-troops-deployed-portland/283-feae45b3-24bc-49f3-aad8-185e8c7e1b79 |url-status=live }}</ref> and by September, the Portland Police Bureau estimated that activity was limited to 100s demonstrators per night, and booths placed by religious organizations during the daytime hours to provide spiritual support to those attending appointments at the facility.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2025 |title=Judge grants restraining order halting Trump's deployment of Oregon National Guard |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/04/portland-national-guard-deployment-judge-decision/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Oregon Public Broadcasting |language=en |archive-date=October 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005040019/https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/04/portland-national-guard-deployment-judge-decision/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2025 |title=24 hours outside Portland's ICE facility: Is this what 'lawless mayhem' looks like? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2025/10/24-hours-outside-portlands-ice-facility-is-this-what-lawless-mayhem-looks-like.html |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=The Oregonian |language=en}}</ref>
Portland mayor Keith Wilson suspected that Trump's decision to send troops to Portland was based on his viewing of file footage of past unrest in the city; on September 26, Fox News aired interviews with Newt Gingrich and DHS assistant secretary Tricia McLaughlin to discuss Trump's recent declaration of "Antifa" as a domestic terrorist group, both of which containing B-roll of unrest during Portland's George Floyd protests in 2020. In a phone interview with NBC News correspondent Yamiche Alcindor on September 28, Trump seemingly questioned his decision to deploy troops, stating "I spoke to the governor [<nowiki/>Tina Kotek], she was very nice. But I said, 'Well wait a minute, am I watching things on television that are different from what's happening? My people tell me different.' They are literally attacking and there are fires all over the place ... it looks like terrible."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tesfaye |first=Sophia |date=September 29, 2025 |title=Did Donald Trump get duped by Fox News? |url=https://www.salon.com/2025/09/29/did-donald-trump-get-duped-by-fox-news/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ogshare&utm_content=og |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=Salon.com |language=en-US |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930195225/https://www.salon.com/2025/09/29/did-donald-trump-get-duped-by-fox-news/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=ogshare&utm_content=og |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masnick |first=Mike |date=September 30, 2025 |title=So Donald Trump Is Declaring War On US Cities Based On Fake Fox News Footage And Nonsense His 'People' Tell Him |url=https://www.techdirt.com/2025/09/30/so-donald-trump-is-declaring-war-on-us-cities-based-on-fake-fox-news-footage-and-nonsense-his-people-tell-him/ |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=Techdirt |language=en-US |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930235250/https://www.techdirt.com/2025/09/30/so-donald-trump-is-declaring-war-on-us-cities-based-on-fake-fox-news-footage-and-nonsense-his-people-tell-him/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2025 |title=Trump questioned perception of Portland before approving military plan: 'Am I watching things on television that are different from what's happening?' |url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/trump-seems-to-back-off-portland-military-plan/283-e9c6bdfb-92d6-4881-bb74-09bb325a5270 |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=KGW News |publisher=Tegna Inc. |language=en-US |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930081923/https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/trump-seems-to-back-off-portland-military-plan/283-e9c6bdfb-92d6-4881-bb74-09bb325a5270 |url-status=live }}</ref> Residents on social media called out the claims that Portland was "war-ravaged", with some posting photos of everyday scenes of the city to disprove and comment upon it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2025 |title=Social media reacts to Trump's 'war ravaged' description of Portland |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/trending/2025/09/social-media-reacts-to-trumps-war-ravaged-description-of-portland.html |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=oregonlive |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930064353/https://www.oregonlive.com/trending/2025/09/social-media-reacts-to-trumps-war-ravaged-description-of-portland.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gebel |first=Meira |date=September 29, 2025 |title=Trump called Portland "war ravaged." Locals responded by keeping it weird |url=https://www.axios.com/local/portland/2025/09/29/portland-trump-war-zone-response |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=Axios |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930172415/https://www.axios.com/local/portland/2025/09/29/portland-trump-war-zone-response |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2025 |title=Portlanders mock Trump by posting pics of peaceful weekend in 'War ravaged' city |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/portland-oregon-war-ravaged-trump-mocked-b2835092.html |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930201226/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/portland-oregon-war-ravaged-trump-mocked-b2835092.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Protesters responded with tactical frivolity, wearing inflatable animal costumes and dancing to "deflate" the narrative of a war zone of violent antifa protesters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Julia |title=Why Portland protests are drawing frogs, sharks and unicorns |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/10/17/portland-protests-costumes-operation-inflation/86743675007/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=USA Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-11 |title=Costumed protesters in Portland defy description of the city as a 'war zone' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dancing-frogs-unicorns-protest-portland-war-zone-rcna236887 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012015709/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/dancing-frogs-unicorns-protest-portland-war-zone-rcna236887 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Inflation |url=https://www.operationinflation.com/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Operation Inflation |language=en-US |archive-date=October 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017115031/https://www.operationinflation.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
As of October 23, 2025, 200 federalized Oregon National Guard troops were on standby near Portland, though they had not been deployed to the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/straight-talk/oregon-guard-chief-describes-portland-deployed-national-troops-friends-neighbors/283-9f3226ac-82de-4b23-b801-050c6f1bcb46|title='Friends and neighbors': Oregon Guard chief describes who Portland's deployed troops really are|first1=Stephanie|last1=Domurat|first2=Alex|last2=Jensen|publisher=KGW|date=October 23, 2025|accessdate=October 25, 2025}}</ref> On January 15, 2026, about 100 National Guard members returned from Portland to Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=KATU |date=2026-01-16 |title=100 National Guard troops return home after deployment amid Portland ICE facility protests |url=https://katu.com/news/local/100-national-guard-troops-return-home-after-deployment-amid-portland-ice-facility-protests |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=KATU |language=en}}</ref>
=== Minneapolis === {{Main|Operation Metro Surge}}
On January 15, 2026, Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act of 1807 in response to the Renée Good protests in Minneapolis against ICE operations in the city, which Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison has said he will challenge in court if Trump does so.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Karnowski|first1=Steve|last2=Golden|first2=Hallie|last3=Madhani|first3=Aamer|date=January 15, 2026|title=Trump threatens to use the Insurrection Act to end protests in Minneapolis|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/immigration-crackdown-minnesota-shootings-renee-good-a0c368079c106b599245996fded8c1b9|access-date=January 15, 2026|archive-date=January 15, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115060618/https://apnews.com/article/immigration-crackdown-minnesota-shootings-renee-good-a0c368079c106b599245996fded8c1b9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Svirnovskiy|first1=Gregory|last2=Cheney|first2=Kyle|last3=Ward|first3=Myah|date=January 15, 2026|title=Trump threatens to invoke the Insurrection Act in Minnesota after protests|website=Politico|publisher=Axel Springer SE|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/15/trump-insurrection-act-minnesota-00730664|access-date=January 15, 2026}}</ref> Legal scholars dispute that the conditions that permit invocation of the Insurrection Act have occurred in Minneapolis based on historical precedent despite the law's facially broad language.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Juliana|last2=Wise|first2=Alana|date=January 15, 2026|title=Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act (again). What is it?|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/01/15/nx-s1-5678612/minneapolis-insurrection-act-trump-threats|access-date=January 15, 2026|archive-date=January 23, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123151350/https://www.npr.org/2026/01/15/nx-s1-5678612/minneapolis-insurrection-act-trump-threats|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Barrow|first=Bill|date=January 15, 2026|title=Insurrection Act: How it's been used and what Trump wants to do with it|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-insurrection-act-history-fdr-minneapolis-901631b98c96a425dc0c9b10a041bdac|access-date=January 15, 2026|archive-date=January 16, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116000701/https://apnews.com/article/trump-insurrection-act-history-fdr-minneapolis-901631b98c96a425dc0c9b10a041bdac|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump backtracked from the threat the next day, saying there was not a "reason right now" to do so but reiterated that "It's been used a lot, and if I needed it, I'd use it".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ward|first=Myah|date=January 16, 2026|title=Trump doesn't 'think there's any reason right now' to invoke Insurrection Act|website=Politico|publisher=Axel Springer SE|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/16/i-dont-think-theres-any-reason-right-now-to-invoke-insurrection-act-00734191|access-date=January 16, 2026}}</ref>
On January 18, the United States Department of Defense reportedly ordered 1,500 active-duty soldiers to prepare for a possible deployment to Minnesota, including two battalions from the 11th Airborne Division of the United States Army based in Alaska.<ref name="CNN 1-18-2026">{{cite news|last1=Park|first1=Hanna|last2=Tapper|first2=Jake|last3=Britzky|first3=Haley|last4=Bertrand|first4=Natasha|last5=Mascarenhas|first5=Lauren|date=January 18, 2026|title=1,500 soldiers on standby for possible Minnesota deployment, source says, as state mobilizes National Guard|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/18/us/minnesota-protests-national-guard-immigration-hnk|access-date=January 18, 2026|archive-date=January 18, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118132741/https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/18/us/minnesota-protests-national-guard-immigration-hnk|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ali|first1=Idrees|last2=Stewart|first2=Phil|last3=Shah|first3=Chandni|date=January 18, 2026|title=Pentagon readies 1,500 troops for potential Minnesota deployment, US officials say|website=Reuters|publisher=Thomson Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pentagon-readies-1500-soldiers-possibly-deploy-minnesota-washington-post-reports-2026-01-18/|access-date=January 18, 2026}}</ref> In an emailed press statement, department spokesperson Sean Parnell stated: "The Department of War is always prepared to execute the orders of the Commander-in-Chief if called upon",<ref>{{cite news|last=Hernandez|first=Joe|date=January 18, 2026|title=U.S. military troops on standby for possible deployment to Minnesota|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/01/18/nx-s1-5681372/u-s-military-troops-on-standby-for-possible-deployment-to-minnesota|access-date=January 18, 2026|archive-date=January 18, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118154849/https://www.npr.org/2026/01/18/nx-s1-5681372/u-s-military-troops-on-standby-for-possible-deployment-to-minnesota|url-status=live}}</ref> but unnamed Trump administration sources have said that the standby order does not guarantee a deployment will occur or is imminent.<ref name="CNN 1-18-2026" /> An unnamed Defense Department source has confirmed that the standby order was issued in response to Trump's threats to invoke the Insurrection Act.<ref>{{cite news|last=Toropin|first=Konstantin|date=January 18, 2026|title=Army puts 1,500 soldiers on standby for possible Minnesota deployment, AP sources say|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/army-deployment-minnesota-immigration-insurrection-act-31a28c23045bfdb31b27f68507a68ca8|access-date=January 18, 2026|archive-date=January 18, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118192233/https://apnews.com/article/army-deployment-minnesota-immigration-insurrection-act-31a28c23045bfdb31b27f68507a68ca8|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 20, the Defense Department reportedly issued a second standby order to a brigade of the Military Police Corps stationed at Fort Bragg in North Carolina to prepare for potential deployment to Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barrón-López|first1=Laura|last2=Rohde|first2=David|date=January 21, 2026|title=Pentagon orders more active-duty soldiers to ready for possible Minneapolis deployment|publisher=MS NOW|url=https://www.ms.now/news/pentagon-soldiers-military-police-ft-bragg-minneapolis|access-date=January 21, 2026|archive-date=January 21, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121204738/https://www.ms.now/news/pentagon-soldiers-military-police-ft-bragg-minneapolis|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Schladebeck|first=Jessica|date=January 21, 2026|title=North Carolina soldiers on standby for Minneapolis deployment, report says|website=Yahoo News|publisher=Yahoo! Inc.|agency=New York Daily News|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/north-carolina-soldiers-standby-minneapolis-211300147.html|access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bornhoft|first=William|date=January 21, 2026|title=Pentagon Prepares Hundreds More Active-Duty Soldiers For Possible Minneapolis Deployment: Report|publisher=Patch Media|url=https://patch.com/minnesota/southwestminneapolis/pentagon-prepares-hundreds-more-active-duty-soldiers-possible|access-date=January 21, 2026|archive-date=February 4, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204035214/https://patch.com/minnesota/southwestminneapolis/pentagon-prepares-hundreds-more-active-duty-soldiers-possible|url-status=live}}</ref>
On February 3, ABC News reported that the United States Northern Command had issued a stand down order the previous weekend to the service members that had been mobilized by the standby orders.<ref>{{cite news|last=Beynon|first=Steven|date=February 3, 2026|title=Military stands down troops ordered to prep to deploy to Minneapolis|publisher=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/military-stands-troops-ordered-prep-deploy-minneapolis/story?id=129797524|access-date=February 3, 2026|archive-date=February 4, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204035123/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/military-stands-troops-ordered-prep-deploy-minneapolis/story?id=129797524|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Other cities === President Trump has mentioned expanding to other cities, including New York City; Baltimore, Maryland; and Oakland, California.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katz |first=Eric |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Federal law enforcement deployments are coming to other cities, Trump says |url=https://www.govexec.com/management/2025/08/federal-law-enforcement-deployments-are-coming-other-cities-trump-says/407642/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Government Executive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2025 |title=President Trump's Recent Actions in Washington, D.C., Are an Abuse of Power and Threaten Public Safety for All |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/article/president-trumps-recent-actions-in-washington-d-c-are-an-abuse-of-power-and-threaten-public-safety-for-all/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Center for American Progress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Trump says he may send National Guard to Chicago, New York |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/22/trump-national-guard-chicago-new-york-00519849 |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Politico}}</ref> Up to 1,700 National Guard troops are mobilizing across 19 states (e.g., Texas with the most) to support ICE on immigration enforcement, though the White House claims this is separate from the crime crackdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Austin |date=August 23, 2025 |title=Up to 1,700 National Guard troops mobilizing across 19 states in immigration crackdown |url=https://www.livenowfox.com/news/national-guard-immigration-crackdown-19-states |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=FOX Local |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824005034/https://www.livenowfox.com/news/national-guard-immigration-crackdown-19-states |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael Dorgan |first=Jacqui Heinrich |date=August 23, 2025 |title=National Guard rollout in 19 states not linked to Trump's crime crackdown, WH says |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/national-guard-roll-out-19-states-not-linked-trumps-crime-crackdown-wh-says |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=Fox News |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824002323/https://www.foxnews.com/us/national-guard-roll-out-19-states-not-linked-trumps-crime-crackdown-wh-says |url-status=live }}</ref> These could serve as a "reaction force" for rapid deployments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2025 |title=Pentagon plan would create military 'reaction force' for civil unrest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/08/12/national-guard-civil-unrest/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823221126/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/08/12/national-guard-civil-unrest/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
State and local leaders in several cities, including Boston,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Riley |first1=Neal |title=President Trump "absolutely shouldn't" send National Guard to Massachusetts, Gov. Healey says |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/national-guard-boston-massachusetts-trump-healey/ |website=CBS News |access-date=October 23, 2025 |date=October 8, 2025 |archive-date=October 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025111742/https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/national-guard-boston-massachusetts-trump-healey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Detroit,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hermani |first1=Jordyn |title=Gretchen Whitmer: National Guard deployment in Detroit 'unwarranted' |url=https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/gretchen-whitmer-national-guard-deployment-in-detroit-unwarranted/ |website=Bridge Michigan |access-date=October 23, 2025 |date=September 22, 2025 |archive-date=October 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251024203825/https://bridgemi.com/michigan-government/gretchen-whitmer-national-guard-deployment-in-detroit-unwarranted/ |url-status=live }}</ref> New Haven,<ref>{{cite web |last1=House |first1=Dennis |title=New Haven mayor says 'no' to National Guard troops from President Trump {{!}} This Week in Connecticut |url=https://www.wtnh.com/on-air/thisweekinconnecticut/new-haven-mayor-says-no-to-national-guard-troops-from-president-trump-this-week-in-connecticut/ |website=WTNH 8 |access-date=October 23, 2025 |date=September 29, 2025 |archive-date=November 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113055754/https://www.wtnh.com/on-air/thisweekinconnecticut/new-haven-mayor-says-no-to-national-guard-troops-from-president-trump-this-week-in-connecticut/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Seattle<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sagrero Álvarez |first1=Gustavo |last2=Howie |first2=Stephen |title=Is Seattle next? Mayor Harrell signs orders to protect city amid Trump's National Guard escalations |url=https://www.kuow.org/stories/seattle-takes-steps-to-protect-residents-against-federal-troop-deployment |website=KUOW |access-date=October 23, 2025 |date=October 23, 2025 |archive-date=October 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018020552/https://www.kuow.org/stories/seattle-takes-steps-to-protect-residents-against-federal-troop-deployment |url-status=live }}</ref>, have rejected the possibility of the National Guard being sent to their cities.
== Response ==
=== Political leaders ===
Local leaders denounced the moves. Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson warned it could "inflame tensions between residents and law enforcement".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-22 |title=Trump's plan to send troops to Chicago is abuse of power, Illinois governor says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd7yperjxneo |access-date=2026-01-24 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=October 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018235722/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd7yperjxneo |url-status=live }}</ref> Pritzker calls it an "authoritarian power grab" with no emergency justification.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2025 |title=Johnson and Pritzker call Trump's threat to send National Guard to Chicago illegal - CBS Chicago |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/mayor-brandon-johnson-president-trump-chicago-federal-law-enforcement-crime-national-guard/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824040923/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/mayor-brandon-johnson-president-trump-chicago-federal-law-enforcement-crime-national-guard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries accuses Trump of manufacturing a crisis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luscombe |first=Richard |date=August 24, 2025 |title=Trump 'manufactured crisis' to justify plan to send national guard to Chicago, leading Democrat says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/24/trump-national-guard-chicago-hakeem-jeffries |access-date=August 24, 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> D.C. mayor Muriel Bowser and others highlight pre-existing crime drops and argue troops lack proper training for policing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gelman |first=Scott |date=August 22, 2025 |title=DC mayor responds to criticism that city crime data is inaccurate |url=https://wtop.com/dc/2025/08/dc-mayor-responds-to-criticism-that-city-crime-data-is-inaccurate/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=WTOP News |language=en |archive-date=August 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823203845/https://wtop.com/dc/2025/08/dc-mayor-responds-to-criticism-that-city-crime-data-is-inaccurate/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Six Democratic lawmakers urged members of the U.S. military to disobey illegal orders in a video posted on social media. Later, they said that the FBI had opened an investigation into them. Senator Elissa Slotkin of Michigan, one of the six, called the move a "scare tactic" by Trump.<ref>{{cite news |title=FBI probes Democrats who urged US troops to defy illegal orders |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/26/fbi-probes-democrats-who-urged-us-troops-to-defy-illegal-orders |archive-date=November 26, 2025 |access-date=November 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126063630/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/26/fbi-probes-democrats-who-urged-us-troops-to-defy-illegal-orders |url-status=live }}</ref>
On December 11, the Senate Armed Services Committee held a hearing where USNORTHCOM Commander Gregory Guillot and Defense Department officials were questioned about the National Guard deployments and service members being given orders that violate the enlistment oath.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Klepper|first1=David|last2=Finley|first2=Ben|last3=Groves|first3=Stephen|date=December 11, 2025|title=Senators clash over Trump's National Guard deployments as military leaders face questioning|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-deployments-trump-senate-hearing-d860259d291af4bcf49569d384421cf9|access-date=December 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Senate Panel Examines Trump's National Guard Deployment Across U.S.|date=December 11, 2025|publisher=C-SPAN|url=https://www.c-span.org/program/senate-committee/senate-panel-examines-trumps-national-guard-deployment-across-us/670106|access-date=December 11, 2025}}</ref>
=== Legal challenges === {{See also|Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency#Federalism}}
Some legal commentators have suggested that the deployments in the District of Columbia leverage unique federal control over the capital, but expansions elsewhere may require invoking the Insurrection Act or declaring emergencies to federalize state National Guards, potentially bypassing governors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 20, 2025 |title=Explainer: Can Trump send the National Guard to cities around the US? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/can-trump-send-national-guard-cities-around-us-2025-08-20/ |access-date=August 24, 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Critics argue these are politically motivated, targeting Democratic cities for "theater and intimidation."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Brownstein |first=Ronald |date=August 17, 2025 |title=Analysis: The common thread in Trump's latest moves: squeezing big blue cities {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/17/politics/trump-washington-dc-los-angeles-military-redistricting-analysis |access-date=August 24, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=August 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821230007/https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/17/politics/trump-washington-dc-los-angeles-military-redistricting-analysis |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== California ==== {{Main|Newsom v. Trump}}
On June 9, 2025, California Attorney General Rob Bonta filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration to block the California National Guard deployment with an emergency restraining order, which was denied by Northern California U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer the next day.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cheney|first1=Kyle|last2=Gerstein|first2=Josh|last3=Holden|first3=Lindsey|last4=Mason|first4=Melanie|date=June 9, 2025|title=California says Trump's deployment of National Guard violates state sovereignty|website=Politico|publisher=Axel Springer SE|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/09/california-national-guard-lawsuit-gavin-newsom-00394609|access-date=December 13, 2025|archive-date=August 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828203717/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/09/california-national-guard-lawsuit-gavin-newsom-00394609|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=June 10, 2025|title=California asks judge to quickly block Trump troop deployments to LA|publisher=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/10/trump-marines-newsom-lawsuit-california.html|access-date=December 13, 2025|archive-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610184452/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/10/trump-marines-newsom-lawsuit-california.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 12, Breyer ruled that the federalization of the California National Guard violated the Tenth Amendment and the deployment was not authorized in accordance with Title 10 of the United States Code, but Breyer's ruling was appealed by the Trump administration and was stayed on the same day by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rodriguez|first=Olga R.|date=June 13, 2025|title=Appeals court temporarily blocks judge's ruling to return control of National Guard to California|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/california-immigration-national-guard-newsom-trump-lawsuit-aedf8cdd95ee899c9559d5e54a2e4833|access-date=December 12, 2025|archive-date=June 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620201750/https://apnews.com/article/california-immigration-national-guard-newsom-trump-lawsuit-aedf8cdd95ee899c9559d5e54a2e4833|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ninth Circuit extended the stay on June 19,<ref>{{cite news|title=Appeals court lets Trump keep control of National Guard troops deployed to Los Angeles|date=June 20, 2025|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-protests-national-guard-lawsuit-ae2433fca9a2834634efefc9a545745b|access-date=December 13, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127084007/https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-protests-national-guard-lawsuit-ae2433fca9a2834634efefc9a545745b|url-status=live}}</ref> and denied rehearing of the stay on October 22.<ref>{{cite news|last=Anderson|first=Craig|date=October 23, 2025|title=9th Circuit upholds stay of TRO blocking Trump's federalization of California Guard|publisher=Daily Journal Corporation|url=https://www.dailyjournal.com/articles/388230-9th-circuit-upholds-stay-of-tro-blocking-trump-s-federalization-of-california-guard|access-date=December 13, 2025|archive-date=October 24, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251024033432/https://www.dailyjournal.com/articles/388230-9th-circuit-upholds-stay-of-tro-blocking-trump-s-federalization-of-california-guard|url-status=live}}</ref>
On September 2, Breyer ruled that the Trump administration had violated the Posse Comitatus Act and ordered the administration not to use National Guard or military troops for civilian law enforcement in California with that prohibition to take effect on September 12. Breyer described the administration's actions and rhetoric of further domestic military deployments as an apparent attempt at "creating a national police force with the President as its chief" and described the rationale for deployment as contrived, writing that "There was no rebellion, nor was civilian law enforcement unable to respond to the protests and enforce the law".<ref name="Cheney 05022025">{{Cite news|last1=Cheney|first1=Kyle|last2=Gerstein|first2=Josh|date=September 2, 2025|title=Judge rules Trump can't act as national police chief|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/09/02/trump-los-angeles-national-guard-ruling-00539393|access-date=September 5, 2025|archive-date=September 4, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904170019/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/09/02/trump-los-angeles-national-guard-ruling-00539393|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Breyer |first=Charles |date=September 2, 2025 |title=Newsom v. Trump (U.S. District Court, Northern District of California) |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.450934/gov.uscourts.cand.450934.176.0_1.pdf |access-date=September 2, 2025 |website=storage.courtlistener.com}}</ref> He said the Trump administration, if it wished to argue, would have to "satisfy the requirements of a valid constitutional or statutory exception, as defined herein, to the Posse Comitatus Act."<ref name="auto"/> On September 4, the Ninth Circuit stayed the decision after the administration appealed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Knauth|first=Dietrich|date=September 4, 2025|title=US appeals court pauses restrictions on Trump's use of troops in Los Angeles|website=Reuters|publisher=Thomson Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-appeals-court-pauses-restrictions-trumps-use-troops-los-angeles-2025-09-04/|access-date=December 13, 2025}}</ref>
On December 10, Breyer ordered the Trump administration to end the deployment of the California National Guard to Los Angeles and return control of its units to the state government, but stayed his ruling for 5 days to allow for an appeal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thanawala|first=Sudhin|date=December 10, 2025|title=Judge orders Trump to end California National Guard troop deployment in Los Angeles|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/california-national-guard-trump-los-angeles-a8a201d234d655a7e65fb4c3dd320116|access-date=December 10, 2025|archive-date=December 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210170810/https://apnews.com/article/california-national-guard-trump-los-angeles-a8a201d234d655a7e65fb4c3dd320116|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 12, the Ninth Circuit upheld Breyer's December 10 ruling for the federalized troops to leave the city by noon on December 15 while allowing the federalization to continue.<ref name="LA Times 12-15-2025">{{cite news|last=Sharp|first=Sonja|date=December 15, 2025|title=National Guard troops under Trump's command leave L.A before court's deadline|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-12-15/national-guard-los-angeles-deadline|access-date=December 15, 2025|archive-date=December 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215232326/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-12-15/national-guard-los-angeles-deadline|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== District of Columbia ==== {{Main|Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia#Reactions}}
On September 4, 2025, the Attorney General for the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit against the administration to block the National Guard deployment in the District.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Whitehurst|first1=Lindsay|last2=Fields|first2=Gary|date=September 4, 2025|title=DC lawsuit challenges Trump's National Guard deployment as a forced 'military occupation'|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/washington-dc-trump-federal-takeover-national-guard-lawsuit-f2f76ef685676ee0d3bbd81496c74f2e|access-date=November 26, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127182003/https://apnews.com/article/washington-dc-trump-federal-takeover-national-guard-lawsuit-f2f76ef685676ee0d3bbd81496c74f2e|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 20, a District of Columbia U.S. District Court Judge Jia Cobb ruled that the deployment was not lawful and ordered the administration to end the deployment, but stayed the decision for 21 days to allow for an appeal.<ref name="AP 11-20-2025">{{cite news|last1=Fields|first1=Gary|last2=Whitehurst|first2=Lindsay|date=November 20, 2025|title=Judge orders Trump administration to end National Guard deployment in DC|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-dc-deployment-c1c2b13a7102632632267bf1262506ff|access-date=November 20, 2025|archive-date=November 21, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121060436/https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-dc-deployment-c1c2b13a7102632632267bf1262506ff|url-status=live}}</ref> The Trump administration filed an appeal on November 26.<ref>{{cite news|last=Collinson|first=Stephen|date=November 27, 2025|title=Trump vows immigration crackdown after shootings of National Guard members in DC|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/27/politics/dc-shooting-national-guard-trump-analysis|access-date=November 27, 2025}}</ref> On December 4, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued an administrative stay of the D.C. District Court ruling.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fields|first=Gary|date=December 4, 2025|title=Court decision calling for end to National Guard deployment in DC paused by appeals court|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-trump-dc-4a0268d1185017c042d425c3133f0322|access-date=December 4, 2025|archive-date=December 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205005331/https://apnews.com/article/national-guard-trump-dc-4a0268d1185017c042d425c3133f0322|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 17, a panel of D.C. Circuit judges issued a further stay of the lower court ruling.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lonsdorf|first=Kat|date=December 17, 2025|title=Federal court says troops can stay in D.C., and hints at prolonged deployment|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/12/17/nx-s1-5647680/federal-court-says-troops-can-stay-in-d-c-and-hints-at-prolonged-deployment|access-date=January 8, 2026|archive-date=January 5, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105203732/https://www.npr.org/2025/12/17/nx-s1-5647680/federal-court-says-troops-can-stay-in-d-c-and-hints-at-prolonged-deployment|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Ella|date=December 17, 2025|title=Appeals panel pauses order blocking Trump's DC National Guard deployment|work=The Hill|publisher=Nexstar Media Group|url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/5652833-trump-national-guard-dc/|access-date=January 8, 2026|archive-date=January 7, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107173124/https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/5652833-trump-national-guard-dc/|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Illinois ==== {{Main|Operation Midway Blitz#Legality}}
On October 4, 2025, the state of Illinois and city of Chicago filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration against the deployment of the National Guard, stating it was unlawful and asking for it to be halted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andone |first=Dakin |date=October 6, 2025 |title=Illinois and Chicago sue Trump administration over deployment of National Guard |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/06/us/illinois-national-guard-trump-lawsuit |access-date=October 6, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> On October 9, District Judge April Perry blocked the federalization and deployment in Illinois through October 23.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Mitch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Blocks National Guard Deployment in Illinois |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/us/judge-national-guard-chicago-illinois.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251010032129/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/us/judge-national-guard-chicago-illinois.html |archive-date=October 10, 2025}}</ref><ref name="CBS, judge temporarily blocks, Oct 9, 2025">{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Chicago federal judge temporarily blocks National Guard deployment in Illinois |work=CBS |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/judge-ruling-on-national-guard-lawsuit-illinois-chicago/ |archive-date=October 10, 2025 |access-date=October 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010174800/https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/judge-ruling-on-national-guard-lawsuit-illinois-chicago/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 11, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit temporarily stayed the district court ruling "to the extent it enjoined the federalization of the National Guard of the United States within Illinois" but upheld the lower order denying the deployment of the National Guard.<ref>{{cite web |title=ORDER |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca7.54985/gov.uscourts.ca7.54985.8.0_1.pdf |website=CourtListener |language=en |date=October 11, 2025 |quote=It is ordered that appellants’ request for an administrative stay is granted as to the federalization of the National Guard and denied as to the deployment of the National Guard. Pending a decision on the request for a stay pending appeal, the district court’s October 9, 2025, order is temporarily stayed only to the extent it enjoined the federalization of the National Guard of the United States within Illinois. Members of the National Guard do not need to return to their home states unless further ordered by a court to do so. |access-date=October 15, 2025 |archive-date=October 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011231924/https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca7.54985/gov.uscourts.ca7.54985.8.0_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Londoño |first1=Ernesto |last2=Schwartz |first2=Mattathias |title=Appeals Court Allows Federalized National Guard, But Leaves Block on Chicago Deployment in Place |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/11/us/national-guard-chicago.html |work=The New York Times |date=October 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251011225429/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/11/us/national-guard-chicago.html |archive-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref> On October 16, the 7th Circuit issued a ruling upholding the federalization of the National Guard but blocking the deployment after finding the administration's claims of rebellion and lawlessness were exaggerated, stating that "we emphasize that the critical analysis of a 'rebellion' centers on the nature of the resistance to governmental authority", and that lacking violence, "Political opposition is not rebellion."<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kanu|first1=Hassan Ali|date=October 16, 2025|title='Political opposition is not rebellion': Appeals court rejects Trump's rationale for Chicago troop deployment |work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/16/trump-national-guard-chicago-ruling-00612918 |access-date=October 16, 2025}}</ref> On October 17, the Trump administration petitioned the Supreme Court seeking to overturn the ruling.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sherman|first=Mark|date=October 17, 2025|title=Trump administration asks Supreme Court to allow deployment of National Guard in Chicago area|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-national-guard-trump-913ecce44b6bcc5d0cba1b252dfd34ce|access-date=October 17, 2025|archive-date=October 19, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019100129/https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-national-guard-trump-913ecce44b6bcc5d0cba1b252dfd34ce|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CBS News, Trump asks Supreme Court to allow deployment, Oct 17, 2025">{{Cite news|date=October 17, 2025|title=Trump asks Supreme Court to allow deployment of National Guard in Illinois|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-supreme-court-national-guard-illinois-chicago/?intcid=CNM-00-10abd1h|archive-date=October 25, 2025|access-date=October 19, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025185238/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-supreme-court-national-guard-illinois-chicago/?intcid=CNM-00-10abd1h|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 23, the Supreme Court rejected the administration's request for an emergency stay.<ref name="AP 12-23-2025">{{cite news|last=Sherman|first=Mark|date=December 23, 2025|title=Supreme Court keeps Trump's National Guard deployment blocked in the Chicago area, for now|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-trump-national-guard-97192a48f01dd4954f1ba505628b5f21|access-date=December 23, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Politico 12-23-2025">{{cite news|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|last2=Cheney|first2=Kyle|date=December 23, 2025|title=Supreme Court blocks Trump effort to deploy National Guard troops to Illinois|website=Politico|publisher=Axel Springer SE|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/23/supreme-court-national-guard-ruling-00704962|access-date=December 25, 2025|archive-date=December 24, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224192641/https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/23/supreme-court-national-guard-ruling-00704962|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== Oregon ==== {{Main|2025 Portland, Oregon, protests#Legal}}
On October 4, 2025, U.S. district judge Karin Immergut—who was appointed by Trump in 2019—granted a motion for a temporary restraining order on the deployment in Portland pending further hearings, ruling that the protest activity did not constitute a "rebellion" under the Posse Comitatus Act, and that Trump had exceeded his statutory authority under Title 10 of the United States Code.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2025 |title=Judge temporarily blocks use of National Guard in Portland |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/judge-temporarily-blocks-use-national-guard-portland-rcna235664 |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=October 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005000433/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-administration/judge-temporarily-blocks-use-national-guard-portland-rcna235664 |url-status=live }}</ref> Immergut wrote that Trump's narrative of Portland as a "war-ravaged" city was "untethered to facts", the incidents which did occur were "nowhere near the type of incidents that cannot be handled by regular law enforcement forces", and that "this country has a longstanding and foundational tradition of resistance to government overreach, especially in the form of military intrusion into civil affairs. This historical tradition boils down to a simple proposition: this is a nation of Constitutional law, not martial law."<ref name=":3" />
The next day, amid reports that the administration was preparing to deploy the California and Texas National Guard in an attempt to sidestep the restraining order, California governor Gavin Newsom joined Kotek in the suit and jointly requested emergency relief.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mascarenhas |first=Lauren |date=October 5, 2025 |title=California National Guard members arrive in Oregon after judge pauses plan to deploy state troops, Oregon governor says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/05/us/oregon-trump-california-national-guard |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2025 |title=Newsom to sue over Trump sending California National Guard to Oregon |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/05/newsom-sue-trump-california-national-guard-oregon-00594527 |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2025 |title=Trump now moving to send Texas National Guard troops to Portland and Chicago |url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/trump-portland-texas-national-guard-ice-protest-order-memo/283-caea76af-1180-4171-8bd2-a7f5357f0b53 |access-date=October 6, 2025 |website=kgw.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Judge Immergut issued an emergency ruling and second restraining order, prohibiting any National Guard deployments to Portland regardless of origin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2025 |title=Judge blocks Trump's National Guard deployment in Portland for second time |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/05/national-guard-oregon-california-rurling-00594606 |access-date=October 6, 2025 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref> On October 15, Immergut issued a procedural ruling to extend the restraining orders by 14 additional days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal judge in Oregon extends temporary block on National Guard deployment to Portland |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/15/portland-national-guard-restraining-order-status/ |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=opb |language=en}}</ref>
On October 20, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the first restraining order in a 2-1 decision. Judges Ryan D. Nelson and Bridget S. Bade wrote that "even if the President may exaggerate the extent of the problem on social media, this does not change that other facts provide a colorable basis to support the statutory requirement." This ruling only affects the first restraining order; the second restraining order issued on October 5 was not part of the challenge and remains in effect, and a spokesperson for United States Northern Command told Oregon Public Broadcasting that federalized troops "are not conducting any operational activities at this time".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Conrad |date=2025-10-20 |title=9th Circuit rules that National Guard can deploy to Portland |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/10/20/nx-s1-5564797/ninth-circuit-decision-portland-national-guard-tro-president-trump |access-date=2025-10-20 |work=NPR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-20 |title=Appeals Court Ruling Allows Trump to Deploy National Guard Troops to Portland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/20/us/appeals-court-national-guard-troops-portland-trump.html |work=New York Times |access-date=2025-10-20 |language=en |archive-date=October 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251020204233/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/20/us/appeals-court-national-guard-troops-portland-trump.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-20 |title=Appeals court backs Trump's National Guard deployment in Portland |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/20/national-guard-deployment-oregon-ruling-00615660 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9th Circuit rules that National Guard can deploy to Portland |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/20/ninth-circuit-national-guard-troops-can-deploy-portland/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=opb |language=en |archive-date=October 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251024025316/https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/20/ninth-circuit-national-guard-troops-can-deploy-portland/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-20 |title=Appeals court allows Trump's deployment of National Guard in Portland |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/appeals-court-allows-trumps-deployment-national-guard-portland-rcna236877 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> On October 28, the Ninth Circuit vacated the ruling and approved a request for an ''en banc'' review.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Anastasia |title=Appeals judges will rehear Trump administration's appeal of National Guard deployment |url=https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2025/10/28/ninth-circuit-decision-deployment-of-oregon-guard/86885514007/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Statesman Journal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title=Ninth Circuit Restores Block on Trump's Portland Guard Deployment |url=https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/ninth-circuit-restores-block-on-trumps-portland-guard-deployment-will-rehear-case-before-full-court/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Democracy Docket |language=en-US |archive-date=October 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251029202115/https://www.democracydocket.com/news-alerts/ninth-circuit-restores-block-on-trumps-portland-guard-deployment-will-rehear-case-before-full-court/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''en banc'' order included a 64-page statement by Judge Jay Bybee urging the court to account for the Constitution's Domestic Violence Clause. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-08 |title=UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT |url=https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2025/12/08/25-6268.pdf |access-date=December 10, 2025 |archive-date=December 13, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213231153/https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2025/12/08/25-6268.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The order also includes a response by Judge Eric Tung, who was confirmed on November 7, 2025.<ref name=":5" />
==== Tennessee ==== On November 17, 2025, a Tennessee Chancery Court judge for Davidson County issued a ruling blocking the deployment of the Tennessee National Guard by Governor Bill Lee to Memphis.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sainz|first1=Adrian|last2=Mattise|first2=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2025|title=Tennessee judge blocks Trump's use of National Guard in Memphis but gives time for government appeal|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/memphis-national-guard-trump-88524219125b811fe6f558cdbc870dee|access-date=November 21, 2025|archive-date=November 19, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119123450/https://apnews.com/article/memphis-national-guard-trump-88524219125b811fe6f558cdbc870dee|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the judge stayed the ruling to allow the state government to appeal, which Lee's office and the Tennessee Attorney General's office stated they would the day after the ruling.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sainz|first=Adrian|date=November 18, 2025|title=Tennessee governor to keep National Guard in Memphis while state appeals ruling|publisher=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/memphis-national-guard-trump-6cd1a6887b318d2889b7d1225022f868|access-date=January 8, 2026|archive-date=December 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251230052428/https://apnews.com/article/memphis-national-guard-trump-6cd1a6887b318d2889b7d1225022f868|url-status=live}}</ref> The appeal was filed on November 21.<ref>{{cite news|last=Redmond|first=Michaela|date=November 21, 2025|title=A look at motions filed from both sides following ruling to halt National Guard deployment in Memphis|publisher=WMC|url=https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/11/21/look-motions-filed-both-sides-following-ruling-halt-national-guard-deployment-memphis/|access-date=January 8, 2026|archive-date=December 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205204307/https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/11/21/look-motions-filed-both-sides-following-ruling-halt-national-guard-deployment-memphis/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== See also == *2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States *Civil–military relations *Democratic backsliding in the United States *Martial law (United States) *Militarization of police *Military aid to the civil power (United States) *Military dictatorship *Military operations other than war (United States) *Military response to protest *Police power (United States constitutional law) *Police state *Separation of military and police roles
== References == {{reflist}}
===Further reading=== * {{cite report |last1=Elsea |first1=Jennifer K. |last2=Doyle |first2=Charles |date=November 6, 2018 |title=The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: The Use of the Military to Execute Civilian Law |publisher=Congressional Research Service |publication-date= |edition=2018 |url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R42659 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004143525/https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R42659 |archive-date=2025-10-04}}
{{Second presidency of Donald Trump}} {{American conflicts}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Domestic military deployments in the United States, 2025}} Category:2025 controversies in the United States Category:August 2025 in the United States Category:Democratic backsliding in the United States Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States Category:Military deployment Category:National Guard (United States) Category:Political repression in the United States Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump Category:Second Trump administration controversies Category:Terrorism in the United States Category:21st-century military history of the United States