{{Short description|Superfamily of crustaceans}} {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Glypheoidea | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Permian|Recent|Permo-Triassic–Recent}} | image = Neoglyphea inopinata cropped.JPG | image_caption = ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' | taxon = Glypheoidea | authority = Winkler, 1883 }} The '''Glypheoidea''' (containing the '''glypheoid''' lobsters), is a group of lobster-like decapod crustaceans which forms an important part of fossil faunas, such as the Solnhofen limestone. These fossils included taxa such as ''Glyphea'' (from which the group takes its name), and ''Mecochirus'', mostly with elongated (often semichelate) chelipeds. This group of decapods is a good example of a living fossil, or a lazarus taxon, since until their discovery in the 1970s, the group was considered to have become extinct in the Eocene. The superfamily Glypheoidea comprises five families. The two extant species, ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' and ''Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica'', are both in the family Glypheidae.
==Prehistoric abundance== The first animals attributable to the Glypheoidea appeared in the Permo-Triassic. They were abundant in the Jurassic, but declined from the Cretaceous to the Eocene.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jacques Forest |year=2006 |title=Les glyphéides actuels et leur relation avec les formes fossiles (Decapoda, Reptantia) |language=French |trans-title=The Recent glypheids and their relationship with their fossil relatives (Decapoda, Reptantia) |journal=Crustaceana |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=769–793 |doi=10.1163/156854006778008212 |url=http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/15941/15941.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Jacques Forest |year=2006 |title=The Recent glypheids and their relationship with their fossil relatives (Decapoda, Reptantia) |journal=Crustaceana |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=795–820 |doi=10.1163/156854006778008221}}</ref>
==Extant taxa== The Glypheoidea was originally considered to be a purely fossil group. That opinion had to be altered when a single male specimen was discovered in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution in 1975. It had been caught off the Philippines in 1908 and preserved, without its full significance being realised. Over sixty years later, the specimen was rediscovered, and described by two French scientists as a new genus and species, ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' in 1975,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=J. Forest |author2=M. de Saint Laurent |year=1975 |title=Présence dans la faune actuelle d'un représentant du groupe mésozoïque des Glyphéides: ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' gen. nov., sp. nov. (Crustacea Decapoda Glypheidae) |journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série D |volume=281 |pages=155–158}}</ref> meaning "unexpected new ''Glyphea''". More individuals were caught on subsequent expeditions in 1976, 1980 and 1985, allowing for a complete description.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=J. Forest |author2=M. de Saint Laurent |title=La morphologie externe de ''Neoglyphea inopinata'', espèce actuelle de Crustacé Décapode Glyphéide |journal=Rés. Camp. MUSORSTOM, I.Philippines (18-28 mars 1976), 1 (2); Mémoires de l'Office de la Recherche scientifique et technique Outre-Mer |volume=91 |pages=51–84, figs. 1–28 |year=1981}}</ref> A second species was discovered in the Coral Sea, near New Caledonia, in 2005. First described as ''Neoglyphea neocaledonica'', in 2006,<ref>{{cite journal |author=B. Richer de Forges |year=2006 |title=Découverte en mer du Corail d'une deuxième espèce de glyphéide (Crustacea, Decapoda, Glypheoidea) |journal=Zoosystema |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=17–28}}</ref> it has been transferred to a new genus ''Laurentaeglyphea'', much closer to fossil forms.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2006.08.003 |author=J. Forest |title=''Laurentaeglyphea'', un nouveau genre pour la seconde espèce de Glyphéide récemment découverte (Crustacea Decapoda Glypheidae) |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=329 |issue=10 |year=2006 |pages=841–846 |pmid=17027644|url=https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/articles/10.1016/j.crvi.2006.08.003/ |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Classification== [[File:Naturkundemuseum Berlin - Mecochirus longimanatus - Solnhofen.jpg|thumb|upright=0.86|Fossil ''Mecochirus longimanatus'']] {{Portal|Crustaceans}} Five families are recognised, containing a total of 21 genera, all but two of which are extinct (extant taxa marked in boldface):<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal|journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Christopher P. A. |last2=Charbonnier |first2=Sylvain |last3=Jenks |first3=James F. |last4=Bylund |first4=Kevin G. |last5=Escarguel |first5=Gilles |last6=Olivier |first6=Nicolas |last7=Fara |first7=Emmanuel |last8=Brayard |first8=Arnaud |date=2022-06-06 |title=The Paris Biota decapod (Arthropoda) fauna and the diversity of Triassic decapods |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.34 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=96 |issue=6 |pages=1235–1263 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2022.34 |issn=0022-3360}}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=auto}} {{col-break}} *† Chimaerastacidae :*† ''Chimaerastacus'' *'''Glypheidae''' :*† ''Cedrillosa'' :*† ''Glyphea'' :*'''''Laurentaeglyphea''''' :*'''''Neoglyphea''''' :*† ''Squamosoglyphea'' :*† ''Trachysoma'' {{col break}} *† Litogastridae :*† ''Lissocardia'' :*† ''Litogaster'' :*† ''Paralitogaster'' :*† ''Pseudoglyphea'' :*† ''Pseudopemphix'' :*† ''Tridactylastacus'' {{col-break}} *† Mecochiridae :*† ''Huhatanka'' :*† ''Jabaloya'' :*† ''Mecochirus'' :*† ''Meyeria'' :*† ''Preatya'' :*† ''Selenisca'' {{col-break}} *† Platychelidae :*† ''Platychela'' :*† ''Platypleon'' {{col-end}} {{Clear}}
==References== {{Reflist|32em}}
{{Decapoda}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q141550}}
Category:Glypheidea Category:Lopingian first appearances Category:Extant Permian first appearances Category:Crustacean superfamilies