{{Short description|South African politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox officeholder | party = African National Congress | office1 = Member of the National Assembly | term_start1 = 9 May 1994 | term_end1 = 14 December 2006 | citizenship = South Africa | term_end = 14 December 2006 | term_start = June 2004 | office = Chief Whip of the Majority Party | predecessor = Nathi Nhleko | successor = Isaac Mogase | president = Thabo Mbeki | constituency1 = Eastern Cape | relations = Matthew Goniwe (uncle) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|10|25|df=yes}} }}
'''Mbulelo Terence Goniwe''' (born 25 October 1958) is a South African politician, businessman and former anti-apartheid activist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2006. He was Chief Whip of the Majority Party from June 2004 until December 2006, when he was expelled from the ANC and therefore from the National Assembly.
Goniwe's expulsion was the result of an internal disciplinary process in which the ANC found him guilty of having sexually harassed his administrative assistant. The disciplinary process was re-run in 2007 and, though he was again found guilty, his ANC membership was reinstated. Afterwards he worked full-time as a businessman in the Eastern Cape.
== Early life and activism == Goniwe was born on 25 October 1958.<ref name=":02"/> He was an anti-apartheid activist and a member of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in Cradock in the former Cape Province.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1989-09-21 |title=The shadow of Goniwe in the era of De Klerk |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1989-09-22-00-the-shadow-of-goniwe-in-the-era-of-de-klerk/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He was also the nephew of UDF leader Matthew Goniwe,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-12 |title=Kak praat |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-10-13-kak-praat/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> one of the Cradock Four who were abducted and murdered by the Security Branch in 1985. It later transpired that the murder of the Cradock Four had followed a recommendation by the State Security Council that Goniwe, his uncle, and Fort Calata should "as a matter of urgency, be permanently removed from society".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael |date=1992-08-02 |title=Evidence of Government Assassinations Resurrects Painful Memories |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-02-mn-5650-story.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Tymon |date=2021-07-26 |title=Calata's last stand for the Cradock Four |url=https://www.newframe.com/calatas-last-stand-for-the-cradock-four/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=New Frame}}</ref> He was both detained and banned in the mid- and late 1980s.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=TRC Final Report Volume 3, Section 1 |url=https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume3/chapter2/subsection25.htm |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Truth Commission Special Report}}</ref>
== Post-apartheid political career == === Parliament: 1994–2004 === In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, Goniwe was elected to represent the African National Congress (ANC) in the new National Assembly, the lower house of the new South African Parliament.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 May 1994 |title=Minutes of proceedings of the Constitutional Assembly |url=https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/history/MINUTES/CA24054.PDF |access-date=2 April 2023 |publisher=Department of Justice and Constitutional Development}}</ref> He was re-elected to second and third terms in 1999 and 2004 and he served the Eastern Cape constituency.<ref name=":02">{{cite magazine |date=11 June 1999 |title=General Notice: Notice 1319 of 1999 – Electoral Commission: Representatives Elected to the Various Legislatures |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/za/1999/za-government-gazette-dated-1999-06-11-no-20203.pdf |magazine=Government Gazette of South Africa |location=Pretoria, South Africa |publisher=Government of South Africa |volume=408 |issue=20203 |pages= |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-15 |title=National Assembly Members |url=http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514071402/http://www.pmg.org.za/parlinfo/nalist#_ftnref87 |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> During his second term, he chaired Parliament's Portfolio Committee on Minerals and Energy, which under his leadership processed the controversial Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Bill.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-06-14 |title=An end to the 'Irish coffee' workforce |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2002-06-14-an-end-to-the-irish-coffee-workforce/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2004-06-25 |title=ANC reshuffles top party officials |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2004-06-25-anc-reshuffles-top-party-officials/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
=== Majority Chief Whip: 2004–2006 === At the outset of the Third Parliament in 2004, Goniwe was initially reappointed to his position as committee chair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-05-06 |title=ANC man to head key fiscal watchdog |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2004-05-06-anc-man-to-head-key-fiscal-watchdog/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> However, in June 2004, he was promoted to become Chief Whip of the Majority Party after the incumbent, Nathi Nhleko, resigned.<ref name=":2"/> During Goniwe's term, the ANC parliamentary caucus confronted the aftermath of the Travelgate scandal, which saw several ANC MPs face criminal charges for defrauding Parliament, while many others (including Goniwe)<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2006 |title=ANC whip's Travelgate link 'questionable' |work=IOL |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-whips-travelgate-link-questionable-279462 |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> were named as debtors in related liquidation inquiries. Goniwe denied allegations that he and the ANC attempted to manage the fallout from the scandal by "sacrificing" junior MPs, encouraging them to accept plea bargains while protecting more senior party figures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-06 |title=Travelgate: MPs to out ANC big fish |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-10-06-travelgate-mps-to-out-anc-big-fish/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2006-10-13 |title=Goniwe hides in Parliament |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-10-13-goniwe-hides-in-parliament/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Goniwe was also remembered for his defence of Tony Yengeni, a former Chief Whip himself, who had been convicted of fraud in connection with the Arms Deal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-13 |title=Tony Yengeni: Struggle veteran to flawed politician |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-08-13-tony-yengeni-struggle-veteran-to-flawed-politician/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> At a gathering before Yengeni was sent to prison in August 2008, Goniwe said, "We are not able to look at the merits or demerits of the case itself, but we can proudly proclaim that Tony Yengeni is one of us. Tony Yengeni is us and we are Tony Yengeni".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-24 |title=ANC bigwigs turn out at Yengeni's send-off |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-08-24-anc-bigwigs-turn-out-at-yengenis-sendoff/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-08-25 |title=Yengeni swaps jails after big lunch |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-08-25-yengeni-swaps-jails-after-big-lunch/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
==== Undisclosed interests: 2004 ==== In September 2004, the ''Mail & Guardian'' reported that Goniwe had failed to disclose his business interests to Parliament as required by law. He was the director of a fishing company and also had an interest in a construction company.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2004-09-03 |title=MPs who tried to cover their assets |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2004-09-03-mps-who-tried-to-cover-their-assets/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The ''Mail & Guardian'' quoted him as responding to the reports by saying, "So what? I'm not going to take this shit of yours any more. I may have special reasons that made me not declare. Maybe I wanted to take a different direction in my business."<ref name=":4"/> He later said that both companies were dormant.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2004-11-19 |title='Your business is our business' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2004-11-19-your-business-is-our/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In November, Parliament's ethics committee found him guilty of failing to disclose his interests and fined him R2,000.<ref name=":5"/>
==== Leave and expulsion: 2006 ==== On 16 November 2006, the ANC announced that Goniwe would be placed on leave pending the outcome of an internal party disciplinary process arising from a sexual harassment complaint against him {{See below|content=below|text=}}.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2006-11-16 |title=Goniwe placed on extended 'leave of absence' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-16-goniwe-placed-on-extended-leave-of-absence/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The outcome of the process was Goniwe's expulsion from the ANC, and therefore from his parliamentary seat and from the Chief Whip's office, on 14 December 2006.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2006-12-14 |title=ANC expels chief whip for sexual harassment |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-14-anc-expels-chief-whip-for-sexual-harassment/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> His seat in Parliament was filled by Henry Fazzie<ref name=":03"/> and he was succeeded as Chief Whip by Isaac Mogase.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-08-30 |title=Massive Parliament reshuffle |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-08-31-massive-parliament-reshuffle/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Nicholas Dawes of the ''Mail & Guardian'' suggested that Goniwe's junior colleagues in Parliament did not support him during the sexual harassment scandal – and even actively publicised the charges against him – because of their "animosity" towards him, arising from his role in enforcing the ANC's response to Travelgate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Nic |author-link=Nicholas Dawes |date=2008-10-02 |title=Why Mbete? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-03-why-mbete/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Goniwe said that "people have been actively mobilised in a vilification campaign against me" as part of a "conspiracy" linked to the ANC's upcoming provincial elective conference: Goniwe had been nominated by powerful regional branches to stand for election as ANC Provincial Secretary in the Eastern Cape.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-24 |title=ANC chief whip faces five-cow fine |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-24-anc-chief-whip-faces-fivecow-fine/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He ultimately withdrew his candidacy before the conference took place in December 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-03 |title=Stone Sizani named as Eastern Cape ANC leader |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-03-stone-sizani-named-as-eastern-cape-anc-leader/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== Sexual harassment charges == === Initial hearing: 2006 === In mid-November 2006, the ''Sunday Times'' reported that a 21-year-old administration assistant had accused Goniwe of sexual harassment after an incident at his house in Acacia Park during a dinner party on 25 October. She alleged that he had asked her to have sex with him and, when she refused, had told her, "I thought you were a real Xhosa girl. How can you say no to your chief whip as if I am an ordinary man?"<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2006-11-12 |title=ANC to discuss chief whip sex harassment claim |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-12-anc-to-discuss-chief-whip-sex-harassment-claim/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2006-12-14 |title=Sex pest Goniwe booted out of ANC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-12-15-sex-pest-goniwe-booted-out-of-anc/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The woman reported him to the Speaker of the National Assembly and to the chairperson of the ANC's parliamentary caucus, Vytjie Mentor.<ref name=":8"/> She told the press that she had received threatening phone calls, demanding that she drop her complaint, since she first reported the incident to an ANC official.<ref name=":8"/>
After the allegations were published, the ANC Women's League called publicly for Goniwe's immediate suspension, pending an investigation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-13 |title=ANC Women's League calls for Goniwe's suspension |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-13-anc-womens-league-calls-for-goniwes-suspension/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He took sick leave and then was placed on extended special leave on 16 November 2006, after the ANC's internal National Disciplinary Committee (NDC) announced that there was ''prima facie'' evidence against him and that an internal disciplinary hearing was therefore warranted.<ref name=":6"/> The hearing was conducted by the NDC, which was chaired by Kader Asmal and also included Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, Susan Shabangu, and Luwellyn Landers.<ref name=":9"/>
On 14 December 2006, the NDC concluded that Goniwe's evidence was unreliable and that, though he had not made physical contact with the complainant, he had made "overtures, inducements concerning sexual gratification".<ref name=":7"/> The NDC therefore found him guilty of abusing his office to obtain sexual advantage and of bringing the ANC into disrepute through unbecoming behaviour. He was acquitted of a third charge of provoking serious divisions in the ANC.<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":9"/> As punishment, he was expelled from the party and forbidden to represent the ANC publicly for three years.<ref name=":7"/>
=== Disciplinary review: 2007 === On 19 May 2007, the ANC's National Executive Committee said that it had reviewed the disciplinary process and had found it to be "procedurally flawed".<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2007-05-19 |title=Goniwe to get new ANC hearing |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-05-19-goniwe-to-get-new-anc-hearing/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Goniwe's membership would therefore be reinstated until the hearing was re-run,<ref name=":10"/> though he was not restored to his parliamentary seat.<ref name=":03"/> The second disciplinary process was chaired by Laloo Chiba and Mosiuoa Lekota.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2007-10-17 |title=Sex pest is Mbeki ally |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-10-18-sex-pest-is-mbeki-ally/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Goniwe was perceived as among the "strongest allies" of President Thabo Mbeki,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2007-11-24 |title=ANC sex pest found guilty — again |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-11-24-anc-sex-pest-found-guilty-again/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> and Mbeki's critics claimed that the President had intervened to obtain, and then to prolong, the disciplinary review, aiming to ensure that Goniwe would remain a party member long enough to support Mbeki at the ANC's 52nd National Conference in December 2007.<ref name=":11"/>
However, the disciplinary process was concluded shortly before the party conference, on 23 November, and Goniwe's conviction on both charges was upheld.<ref name=":12"/> His membership of the ANC was suspended for three years, but that sentence was itself suspended for three years, meaning that Goniwe's membership was conditionally reinstated; however, he would not be allowed to hold public office or represent the ANC publicly for three years.<ref name=":12"/> He was also sentenced to provide one year of service to the ANC Women's League, performing "such useful tasks as determined and assigned to him" by the league.<ref name=":12"/>
=== Aftermath === In November 2011, Goniwe told the press that he had served his disciplinary sentence in full and was a businessman and ordinary ANC member in Cradock.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2011-11-25 |title=Malema could learn from ex-chief whip's rebound tactics |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-25-malema-could-learn-from-exchief-whips-rebound-tactics/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> His lawyers also said that he had won a lawsuit against the ANC in a default judgement, receiving damages of R1.2 million to compensate for his loss of income after his dismissal on what he perceived as "prejudiced and unfair" grounds.<ref name=":13"/> The amount had apparently been increased to R1.7 million after the ANC failed to pay it on time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-13 |title=ANC paid sex pest Goniwe R1.7m, says report |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-13-anc-pays-sex-pest-goniwe-r17m-say-reports/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== Personal life == In October 2006, it was reported that Goniwe was being sued for unpaid child maintenance in respect of two children he had fathered with a teacher in Queenstown, Eastern Cape.<ref name=":3"/> That court action continued while Goniwe was facing the sexual harassment charge,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-21 |title=ANC's year of shame |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2006-11-21-ancs-year-of-shame/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> and in July 2007 a warrant of arrest was issued after he failed to appear at a maintenance hearing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-07-22 |title=Goniwe fails to appear at maintenance hearing |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-07-22-goniwe-fails-to-appear-at-maintenance-hearing/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goniwe, Mbulelo}} Category:Living people Category:1958 births Category:Politicians from the Eastern Cape Category:South African anti-apartheid activists Category:21st-century South African politicians Category:African National Congress politicians Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1994–1999