Mator language

{{Short description|Extinct Samoyedic language}} {{for|the Turkic language also known by the name Karagas|Tofa language}} {{redir-dist|Mator|Matar (disambiguation){{!}}Matar|Mater (disambiguation){{!}}Mater|Mador (disambiguation){{!}}Mador|Mayor|Macor|Magor (disambiguation){{!}}Magor|Maior|Manor (disambiguation){{!}}Manor|Maror|Mavor (disambiguation){{!}}Mavor|Mazor|Motor|Meteor|Matador}} {{refimprove|date=June 2024}} {{use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox language | name = Mator | nativename = | states = Russia | region = northern Sayan Mountains | extinct = 1839 | familycolor = Uralic | fam2 = Samoyedic | dia1 = Mator | dia2 = Taygi | dia3 = Karagas | linglist = mtm | linglist2 = ymt | glotto = mato1250 | glottorefname = Mator-Taigi-Karagas | glotto2 = nucl1288 | glottorefname2 = Nuclear Mator | map = Kamas.png | mapalt = map of the Altay region in Siberia | mapcaption = Traditional distribution of the extinct Sayan Samoyedic languages including Mator{{zwj}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Vesakoski |first2=Outi |last3=Ylikoski |first3=Jussi |last4=Tolvanen |first4=Harri |year=2021 |title=Geographical database of the Uralic languages |version=v. 1.0 |type=Data set |website=Zenodo |doi=10.5281/zenodo.4784188 |url=https://zenodo.org/records/4784188 |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{zwj}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |editor-last=Wichmann |editor-first=Søren |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |article-number=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=9176854 |pmid=35675367 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R |bibcode-access=free}}</ref> | ethnicity = {{ill|Mator people|ru|Маторцы|lt=Mators}}, possibly also Soyots, Karagas | altname = Motor, Mator-Taigi-Karagas | iso3 = mtm | map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg | mapalt2 = diagram denoting language status as extinct | mapcaption2 = }} {{Expand language|topic=|langcode=hu|otherarticle=Mator nyelv|date=February 2025}}

'''Mator''' or '''Motor''' is an extinct Samoyedic language, extinct since around 1839. It was spoken in the northern region of the Sayan Mountains in Siberia, close to the Mongolian north border. The speakers of Mator, {{ill|Mator people|lt=Matorians or Mators|ru|Маторцы}}, lived in a wide area from the eastern parts of the {{langr|ru-Latn|Minusinsk}} District ({{thinsp|{{lang|ru-Latn|okrug}}}}) along the Yenisei River to the region of Lake{{nbsp}}Baikal. Three dialects of Mator were recorded: Mator proper as well as Taygi and Karagas (occasionally portrayed as separate languages, but their differences are few). Mator was influenced by Mongolic, Tungusic and Turkic languages before it went extinct, and may have even been possibly influenced by the Iranic languages.{{zwj}}{{sfn|Helimski|1997}}{{page needed|date=September 2024}} It went extinct as a result of the Mator people shifting linguistically to the related Kamas language or nearby Altaic-sprachbund languages, like Buryat, Soyot, Khakas, Evenki and Tatar.{{zwj}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-876766-4 |editor-last=Bakró-Nagy |editor-first=Marianne |location=New York |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198767664.001.0001 |editor-last2=Laakso |editor-first2=Johanna |editor-last3=Skribnik |editor-first3=Elena}}</ref>

thumb|alt=map of Siberia depicting ethnic distributions|A map of Siberian peoples in the 16th century with the Mators in {{Legend-inline|#f89b62|orange}}, near the bottom-center of the map. Today the term "Mator people" is simply a name of a seok of the Koibal, one of the five territorial sub-division groups of the Khakas. (Note that the name "Koibal" likewise derives from the related Samoyedic Koibal language).

Mator has been frequently grouped together with Selkup and Kamassian as "South Samoyedic". This is however a grouping by geographical area, and not considered to constitute an actual sub-branch of the Samoyedic languages.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mator consonants{{sfn|Helimski|1997|p=70}} ! colspan="2" | !Bilabial !Dental/ Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" |Plosive !voiceless |({{IPAlink|p}}) |{{IPAlink|t}} |{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}} |{{IPAlink|k}} |{{IPAlink|ʔ}} |- align="center" !voiced |{{IPAlink|b}} |({{IPAlink|d}}) |({{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}) |({{IPAlink|ɡ}}) | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !voiceless | |{{IPAlink|s}} |({{IPA link|ʃ}}) |{{IPAlink|h}} | |- align="center" !voiced | |({{IPAlink|z}}) |({{IPAlink|ʒ}}) | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Nasal |{{IPAlink|m}} |{{IPAlink|n}} |{{IPAlink|ɲ}} |{{IPAlink|ŋ}} | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Rhotic | |{{IPAlink|r}} | | | |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" |Approximant !central | | |{{IPAlink|j}} | | |- align="center" !lateral | |{{IPAlink|l}} | | | |}

=== Vowels === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mator vowels{{sfn|Helimski|1997|p=70}} ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Front ! rowspan="2" |Central ! rowspan="2" |Back |- !unrounded !rounded |- ! rowspan="2" |Close !short |{{IPAlink|i}} |{{IPAlink|y}} |({{IPAlink|ɨ}}) |{{IPAlink|u}} |- !long |{{IPAlink|iː}} |{{IPAlink|yː}} |({{IPAlink|ɨː}})? |{{IPAlink|uː}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Mid !short |{{IPAlink|e}} |{{IPA link|ø}} |{{IPAlink|ə}} |{{IPAlink|o}} |- !long |{{IPAlink|eː}} |{{IPA link|øː}}? |{{IPAlink|əː}} |{{IPAlink|oː}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Open !short |{{IPA|æ}} | |{{IPAlink|a}} | |- !long |{{IPA|æː}} | |{{IPAlink|aː}} | |- ! colspan="2" |Reduced | colspan="4" |{{IPA link|e̽}} |}

== Lexicon == Below are some Mator words from Helimski 1997.{{zwj}}{{sfn|Helimski|1997}}{{page needed|date=September 2024}} {{glossary}} {{term|1=kälä|content={{lang|mtm|kälä}}}} {{defn|fish}} {{term|1=mondoh|content={{lang|mtm|mondoh}}}} {{defn|root}} {{term|1=sörüh|content={{lang|mtm|sörüh}}}} {{defn|rain}} {{term|1=kaduh|content={{lang|mtm|kaduh}}}} {{defn|storm}} {{term|1=baada|content={{lang|mtm|baada}}}} {{defn|word}} {{term|1=kaasa|content={{lang|mtm|kaasa}}}} {{defn|human}} {{term|1=ämdä|content={{lang|mtm|ämdä}}}} {{defn|horn}} {{term|1=täjbä|content={{lang|mtm|täjbä}}}} {{defn|nail}} {{term|1=täär|content={{lang|mtm|täär}}}} {{defn|divide, share}} {{term|1=köhö|content={{lang|mtm|köhö}}}} {{defn|winter}} {{term|1=öröh|content={{lang|mtm|öröh}}}} {{defn|autumn}} {{term|1=teite|content={{lang|mtm|teite}}}} {{defn|four}} {{term|1=mən|content={{lang|mtm|mən}}}} {{defn|me, I}} {{term|1=tən|content={{lang|mtm|tən}}}} {{defn|you}} {{term|1=ter|content={{lang|mtm|ter}}}} {{defn|hair}} {{term|1=ajba|content={{lang|mtm|ajba}}}} {{defn|head}} {{term|1=siime|content={{lang|mtm|siime}}}} {{defn|eye}} {{glossary end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== Bibliography == * {{cite book |first=Eugen |last=Helimski |author-link=Eugene Helimski |year=1997 |url=http://digit.bibl.u-szeged.hu/00000/00094/00041/altaica_041_000-475.pdf |title=Die Matorische Sprache: Wörterbuch – Grundzüge der Grammatik – Sprachgeschichte |trans-title=The Mator Language: Dictionary – Principles of Grammar – Language History |series=Studia Uralo-Altaica [Uralic-Altaic Studies] |volume=41 |publisher=University of Szeged |isbn=((9630481-881-1)) |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129093846/http://digit.bibl.u-szeged.hu/00000/00094/00041/altaica_041_000-475.pdf |archive-date=29 January 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=24 January 2021 }}

==External links== * {{link with archives | https://www.reocities.com/Vienna/3259/mator-eng.html | Mator–English glossary | 20160304042939}}

Category:Southern Samoyedic languages Category:Extinct languages of Asia Category:Languages extinct in the 19th century Category:Indigenous languages of Siberia Category:Extinct languages of Russia