{{Short description|Ibizan abolitionist}} {{Use British English|date=September 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Maria Flores | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing brackets --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | birth_name = Maria | birth_date = {{Birth year|1775}} | birth_place = Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain | death_date = 19th century | death_place = | other_names = Maria Meca | occupation = Slave | years_active = | known_for = Abolitionism | notable_works = }} '''Maria Flores''' ({{born in|1775}}) was an enslaved Ibizan woman who campaigned for her liberation from slavery during the Trienio Liberal.

==Biography== Maria was born in 1775, the daughter of the Muslim slave Roc Sentí Martí, and was baptised with only a mononymic first name.{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|2015}} Her parents had been captured in Oran and sold into slavery in Ibiza.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}}

In 1785, she was made the slave of the physician Joan Gota-redona Tur, who gave her the surname "Meca".{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|2015}} In 1792, Gota-redona died and Maria was made the property of Bernat Guasc Prats.{{Sfnm|1a1=Jurado|1y=2023|2a1=Planells Ripoll|2y=2015}} By 1801, she had changed her name to Maria Flores.{{Sfnm|1a1=Jurado|1y=2023|2a1=Planells Ripoll|2y=1991|1pp=9-10|3a1=Planells Ripoll|3y=2015}} While enslaved by Guasc, she had three children to an unknown father. Her two sons, Manuel ({{born in|1798}}) and Roc ({{born in|1807}}), died at a young age.{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|2015}} Her daughter, Rita ({{born in|1805}}), was also enslaved by Guasc.{{Sfnm|1a1=Jurado|1y=2023|2a1=Planells Ripoll|2y=2015}}

By the end of the 18th century, Maria was one of thirteen enslaved people (of which five were women) in Ibiza. At this time, slaves were seen as a status symbol by members of the Ibizan aristocracy. At the beginning of the Trienio Liberal in 1820, the enslaved Ibizan women began campaigning for their freedom, receiving attention from the Spanish press.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}} That year, Maria herself filed a lawsuit against Guasc.{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|1991|pp=9-10}} On 28 March 1821, the Cortes Generales opened a debate on Maria's case; during the session, she requested that her and her daughter be given police protection. Some in the Cortes argued for the complete abolition of slavery, while others cautioned that it should be done within the bounds of the constitution. Maria argued that Guasc could already consider himself "reimbursed" for her purchase and requested that she herself be reimbursed a salary for 32 years of forced labour.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}}

The liberal Cortes ultimately failed to resolve her case before the restoration of absolute monarchy in 1823.{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|1991|pp=9-10}} On 24 November 1824, Ferdinand VII of Spain decreed the release of Maria and her daughter from slavery.{{Sfnm|1a1=Jurado|1y=2023|2a1=Planells Ripoll|2y=2015}} The word "slave" was struck from her birth certificate by the church.{{Sfnm|1a1=Jurado|1y=2023|2a1=Planells Ripoll|2y=1991|1pp=9-10}} Maria Flores was one of the last people to be enslaved in Ibiza.{{Sfn|Planells Ripoll|2015}} Slavery in Spain was finally abolished in 1837.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}}

==Legacy== The story of Maria Flores was rediscovered by the magazine ''Estampa'' in 1928.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}} In the 21st century, the Ibiza City Council named a street after Maria Flores.{{Sfn|Jurado|2023}}

==References== {{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite web|last=Jurado|first=Laura|date=7 February 2023|url=https://www.eldiario.es/illes-balears/sociedad/esclava-puso-jaque-corona-espanola_1_9921113.html|title=La esclava que puso en jaque a la Corona española|work=elDiario|language=es}} *{{cite journal|last=Planells Ripoll|first=Joan|year=1991|title=Els darrers esclaus d'Eivissa|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7111494|journal=Eivissa|issn=1130-7803|issue=19–20|pages=6–10|language=ca}} *{{cite encyclopedia|last=Planells Ripoll|first=Joan|date=27 November 2015|title=Flores, Maria|url=https://www.eeif.es/veus/Flores-Maria/|encyclopedia=Enciclopèdia d'Eivissa i Formentera|language=ca}} {{refend}}

==Further reading== {{refbegin}} *{{cite thesis|last=Ferrer Abarzuza|first=Antoni|year=2011|title=Captius o ""esclaus"" a eivissa (Segles XIII al XVI)|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=182093|publisher=Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona|language=es}} {{refend}}

Category:1775 births Category:19th-century deaths Category:People from Ibiza Category:Spanish abolitionists Category:Slaves in Spain Category:Year of death unknown