Margarya

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Margarya melanoides 001.jpg | image_caption = Shell of ''Margarya melanioides'', the type species of ''Margarya'' | taxon = Margarya | authority = Nevill, 1877<ref name="Nevil 1877">Nevill G. (1877). "List of the Mollusca brought back by Dr. Anderson from Yunnan and Upper Burma, with descriptions of new species". ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'' '''46'''(2): [https://archive.org/stream/journalasiatics03benggoog#page/n524/mode/1up 14]-41. [https://archive.org/stream/journalasiatics03benggoog#page/n541/mode/1up page 30].</ref> | diversity_link = | diversity = 8 species<ref name="Zhang 2015"/> | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Zhang 2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Zhang | first1 = L. J. | last2 = Chen | first2 = S. C. | last3 = Yang | first3 = L. T. | last4 = Jin | first4 = L. | last5 = Köhler | first5 = F. | year = 2015 | title = Systematic revision of the freshwater snail ''Margarya'' Nevill, 1877 (Mollusca: Viviparidae) endemic to the ancient lakes of Yunnan, China, with description of new taxa | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 174 | issue = 4| pages = 760–800 | doi = 10.1111/zoj.12260 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | synonyms = *''Margarya (Mabillemargarya)'' He, 2013 *''Margarya (Margarya)'' G. Nevill, 1877 }}

'''''Margarya''''' is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Viviparidae.<ref name="Zhang 2015"/><ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P. (2014). Margarya G. Nevill, 1877. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=758767 on 2014-12-10</ref>

==Taxonomy== The genus ''Margarya'' was described by Nevill (1877) based on shells of the type species collected by A.R. Margary from Lake Erhai, the type locality of ''Margarya melanioides''.<ref name="Nevil 1877"/> Based on shell and radular morphology, Tchang & Tsi (1949) revised this genus for the first time and recognized seven distinct species.<ref name="Tchang 1949">{{cite journal | last1 = Tchang | first1 = X. | last2 = Tsi | first2 = Z. Y. | year = 1949 | title = A revision of the genus ''Margarya'' of the family Viviparidae | journal = Contributions from the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Peiping | volume = 5 | pages = 1–26 }}</ref> He created two subgenera of ''Margarya'', viz ''Tchangmargarya'' and ''Mabillemargarya''.<ref name="He 2013">{{cite journal | last1 = He | first1 = J | year = 2013 | title = A conchological review of ''Margarya''-complex (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) | journal = Shell Discoveries | volume = 2 | pages = 2–15 }}</ref> The first molecular phylogeny showed that the genus ''Margarya'' is polyphyletic and divided into three distinct clades.<ref name="Du 2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Du | first1 = L. | last2 = Yang | first2 = J. | last3 = von Rintelen | first3 = T. | last4 = Chen | first4 = X. | last5 = Aldridge | first5 = D. | year = 2013 | title = Molecular phylogenetic evidence that the Chinese viviparid genus ''Margarya'' (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) is polyphyletic | journal = Chinese Science Bulletin | volume = 58 | issue = 18| pages = 2154–2162 | doi = 10.1007/s11434-012-5632-y | bibcode = 2013ChSBu..58.2154D | doi-access = free }}</ref> Combining study of comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny, Zhang ''et al''. revised the systematics of ''Margarya'' and recognized eight genuine extant species. However, only four species were found belonging to ''Margarya'' s. str., the rest species belonging to distinct genus ''Tchangmargarya'' or ''Anularya''.<ref name="Zhang 2015"/>

==Distribution== This genus appear to be endemic to Dian Lake, Erhai Lake, Cibi Lake, Jianhu Lake, Xihu Lake, and Lugu Lake in Yunnan Province in the China.<ref name="Zhang 2015"/>

==Species== There are 4 extant species and 4 fossil species of ''Margarya'' s. str.<ref name="Zhang 2015"/> ''Margarya bicostata'' and ''Margarya mansuyi'' are transferred to ''Anularya''. ''Margarya yangtsunghaiensis'' is transferred to ''Tchangmargarya''. Species within the genus ''Margarya'' include 8 species:<ref name="Zhang 2015"/> *(extant) ''Margarya francheti'' (Mabille, 1886)<ref name="Mabille 1886">{{cite journal | last1 = Mabille | first1 = J | year = 1886 | title = Déscription de vivipares nouvelles du Lac Ta-li | journal = Bulletins de la Société malacologique de France | volume = 3 | pages = 65–76 }}</ref> *(extant) ''Margarya melanioides'' Nevill, 1877 - type species<ref name="Nevil 1877"/> *(extant) ''Margarya monodi'' (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905)<ref name="Dautzenberg 1905">{{cite journal | last1 = Dautzenberg | last2 = Fischer | year = 1905 | title = Liste de mollusques récoltés par M. H. Mansuy en Indo-Chine et au Yunnan et description d′espèces nouvelles | journal = Journal de Conchyliologie | volume = 53 | pages = 343–471 }}</ref> *(extant) ''Margarya oxytropoides'' (Heude, 1889)<ref name="Heude 1889">Heude P. M. (1882–1890). Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la Vallée du Fleuve Bleu. ''Mémoires concernant l′histoire naturelle de l′Empire chinois'' '''1''': 1–188.</ref> *(fossil) ''Margarya spinicostata'' Li, 1987<ref name="Li 1987">{{cite journal | last1 = Li | year = 1987 | title = ''Margarya'' and ''Paraprosothenia'' (Gastropoda) from the Sheshan formation in Lijiang Basin Western Yunnan | journal = Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology | volume = 22 | pages = 159–166 }}</ref> *(fossil) ''Margarya angulata'' Li, 1987<ref name="Li 1987"/> *(fossil) ''Margarya nana'' Huang, 1986<ref name="Huang 1986">{{cite journal | last1 = Huang | first1 = B.Y. | last2 = Wang | first2 = H. J. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = L. | year = 1986 | title = On the mollusk of late Tertiary to Quaternary from Can-I in Kunming, Yunnan | journal = Transactions of the Chinese Society of Malacology | volume = 2 | pages = 128–135 }}</ref> *(fossil) ''Margarya nanningensis'' Tian, Fuersich & Schneider 2013<ref name="Tian 2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Tian | first1 = Y. | last2 = Fürsich | first2 = F. T. | last3 = Schneider | year = 2013 | title = Giant Viviparidae(Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa) from the early Oligocene of the Nanning basin (Guangxi, SE China) | journal = Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen | volume = 267 | pages = 75–87 | doi = 10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0298 }}</ref> Species brought into synonymy:<ref name="Zhang 2015"/> *''Margarya carinata'' (Neumayr, 1887): synonym of ''Margarya melanioides'' Nevill, 1877 *''Vivipara delavayi'' (Mabille, 1886): synonym of ''Margarya melanioides'' Nevill, 1877 *''Margarya tropidophora'' (Mabille, 1886): synonym of ''Margarya francheti'' (Mabille, 1886) *''Cipangopaludina dianchiensis'' Zhang, 1990: synonym of ''Margarya oxytropoides'' (Heude, 1889) *''Margarya melanioides dianchiensis'' Huang, 2007: synonym of ''Margarya oxytropoides'' (Heude, 1889) *''Margarya elongata'' Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of ''Margarya monodi'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905) *''Margarya tchangsii'' Xia, 1982: synonym of ''Margarya monodi'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905) *''Margarya yangtsunghaiensis'' Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of ''Tchangmargarya yangtsunghaiensis'' (Tchang & Tsi, 1949) *''Margarya yini'' (Tchang & Tsi, 1982): synonym of ''Margarya monodi'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905)

==Cladogram== The cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI), and nuclear ITS2 genes showing the phylogenic relationships of the genus ''Margarya'' indicates that ''Margarya'' is polyphyletic.<ref name="Zhang 2015"/><ref name="Du 2013"/> Margarya as traditionally delimited decayed into three distinct clades. The sister lineages of two of these clades are representatives from different viviparid genera, which are widely distributed in East and Southeast Asian rivers and lakes. These predominantly riparian viviparids also differ markedly in their shell morphology. Herein only genus-level phylogenic relationship is given, whereas relationship between lower taxonomic units deserve further study.

{{clade |label1=''Margarya'' and related Viviparidae |1={{clade |1=''Tchangmargarya yangtsunghaiensis'' and ''Tchangmargarya multilabiata'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Anularya bicostata'' and ''Anularya mansuyi'' |2={{clade |1=''Mekongia'' sp. and ''Sinotaia'' spp. }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Cipangopaludina'' spp. |2={{clade |1=''Margarya melanioides'', ''Margarya monodi'', ''Margarya francheti'', ''Margarya oxytropoides'' }} }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Margarya}} *[https://www.flickr.com/photos/30427999@N07/3678658503/ Photo of ''Margarya melanoides'' with background of the lake] *{{in lang|de}} Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung ''Paludina'' Lam. (''Vivipara'' Montfort) (Neue Folge). In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen". ''Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz'', Nürnberg, 1(21a): pp. [https://archive.org/stream/systematischesco121mart#page/n107/mode/2up 97]-430, plates 15–77., [https://archive.org/stream/systematischesco121mart#page/186/mode/2up page 187]-193, [https://archive.org/stream/systematischesco121mart#page/n520/mode/1up table 37]-39. *{{cite journal | last1 = Tchang | first1 = X. | last2 = Tsi | first2 = Z. Y. | year = 1949 | title = A revision of the genus ''Margarya'' of the family Viviparidae | journal = Contributions from the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Peiping | volume = 5 | pages = 1–26 }} *Yen T. C. (1943). "A preliminary revision of the Recent species of Chinese Viviparidae". ''The Nautilus'' '''56''': [https://archive.org/stream/nautilus56amer#page/124/mode/2up 124]-130.

Category:Viviparidae Category:Gastropod genera Category:Taxa named by Geoffrey Nevill