Malesherbia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Malesherbia linearifolia.jpg | image_caption = ''Malesherbia linearifolia'' | parent_authority = Burnett | taxon = Malesherbia | authority = Ruiz & Pav. | type_species = Malesherbia tubulosa | type_species_authority = Cav. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 25 species, see text | range_map = Malesherbia locator map.png | range_map_caption = Range of Malesherbia as of 2023 | synonyms = {{Species list|''Gynopleura'' |Cav.}} }}

'''''Malesherbia''''' is a genus of flowering plants consisting of 25 species in the family Passifloraceae. This is a xerophytic plant group native to the Peruvian and Chilean deserts and adjacent Argentina. The genus is currently recognized by the APG III system of classification in the family Passifloraceae, and is the sole member of the subfamily '''Malesherbioideae'''.<ref>Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=www.mobot.org}}</ref>

== Description == left|thumb|307x307px|''Malesherbia paniculata'' ''Malesherbia'' is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs.

=== Flower morphology === Members of ''Malesherbia'' have perfect hermaphroditic flowers that come in various shades of red, pink, pale yellow, white, and purple.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bull-Hereñu |first1=Kester |last2=Ronse De Craene |first2=Louis P. |date=2020 |title=Ontogenetic Base for the Shape Variation of Flowers in Malesherbia Ruiz & Pav. (Passifloraceae) |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=8 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2020.00202 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free }}</ref> These are tube or funnel shaped, with 10 nerves, 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamen and 3-4 styles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Reiche |first1=Karl Friedrich |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/611 |title=Flora de Chile |last2=Reiche |first2=Karl Friedrich |date=1896 |publisher=Impr. Cervantes |location=Santiago de Chile |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.611}}</ref> They have either solitary flowers opposite to leaves, or inflorescence that look like clusters.<ref name=":1" />

== Taxonomy == The genus was described in 1794 by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez''.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ruiz |first1=López |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/idurl/1/9556 |title=Florae peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus, sive novorum generum plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium descriptiones, et icones. |last2=Hipólito |first2=Pavón |last3=Jiménez-Villanueva |first3=José Antonio |publisher=Madrid: in Sancha's printing press |year=1794 |location=Madrid |pages=45 |language=la}}</ref> ''Malesherbia'' was distinguished from other genera due to its small five parted limbus, ovulate open jaciniis, five petals that are inserted at the interstices of the throat of the calyx, five oblong and bilocular anthers, three pistils, and several other traits.<ref name=":0" /> The genus is named after Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes.<ref name=":0" /> In the original description, the type species was not named.

In 1798, Antonio José Cavanilles would describe the genera under ''Gynopleura''. Cavanilles admitted that ''Malesherbia'' was described exactly as ''Gynopleura'', however, the seeds of ''Malesherbia'' were not described in the original text, and thus Cavanilles felt justified in publishing the genera under ''Gynopleura''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruiz |first=Hipólito |url=https://archive.org/details/floraeperuvianae03ruiz/page/n7/mode/1up?q=Malesherbia |title=Florae peruvianae, et chilensis, sive, Descriptiones, et icones plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium, secundum systema Linnaeanum digestae, cum characteribus plurium generum evulgatorum reformatis. |publisher=[Madrid] : Typis Gabrielis de Sancha. |year=1798 |volume=3 |pages=2, 30–31 |language=la}}</ref> Cacanilles would, however, establish ''M. tubulosa'' as the genera's type species.

=== Accepted species === Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malesherbia Ruiz & Pav. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327130-2 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> {{Div col}} * ''Malesherbia angustisecta'' {{small|Harms}} * ''Malesherbia ardens'' {{small|J.F.Macbr.}} * ''Malesherbia arequipensis'' {{small|Ricardi}} * ''Malesherbia auristipulata'' {{small|Ricardi}} * ''Malesherbia bracteata'' {{small|Phil.}} * ''Malesherbia corallina'' {{small|Muñoz-Schick & R.Pinto}} * ''Malesherbia densiflora'' {{small|Phil.}} * ''Malesherbia deserticola'' {{small|Phil.}} * ''Malesherbia fasciculata'' {{small|D.Don}} * ''Malesherbia fatimae'' {{small|Weigend & H.Beltrán}} * ''Malesherbia haemantha'' {{small|Harms}} * ''Malesherbia humilis'' {{small|Poepp.}} * ''Malesherbia lactea'' {{small|Phil.}} * ''Malesherbia laraosensis'' {{small|H.Beltrán & Weigend}} * ''Malesherbia linearifolia'' {{small|(Cav.) Poir.}} * ''Malesherbia lirana'' {{small|Gay}} * ''Malesherbia paniculata'' {{small|D.Don}} * ''Malesherbia scarlatiflora'' {{small|Gilg}} * ''Malesherbia solanoides'' {{small|Meyen}} * ''Malesherbia splendens'' {{small|Ricardi}} * ''Malesherbia tenuifolia'' {{small|D.Don}} * ''Malesherbia tocopillana'' {{small|Ricardi}} * ''Malesherbia tubulosa'' {{small|(Cav.) J.St.-Hil.}} * ''Malesherbia turbinea'' {{small|J.F.Macbr.}} * ''Malesherbia weberbaueri'' {{small|Gilg}} {{Div col end}} === Phylogeny === Source:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gengler-Nowak |first=Karla M. |date=April 1, 2003 |title=Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Malesherbiaceae |url=https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-botany/volume-28/issue-2/0363-6445-28.2.333/Molecular-Phylogeny-and-Taxonomy-of-Malesherbiaceae/10.1043/0363-6445-28.2.333.short |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=333–44 |doi=10.1043/0363-6445-28.2.333 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |jstor=3094002}}</ref> {{clade |1={{clade | style=font-size:80%;line-height:85%;width:350px; height:350px |sublabel1= Outgroup |1=Turnera |2={{clade |1=M.lactea |2={{clade |1= M.fasciculata |2={{clade

|label1=Section Cyanpetal

|1={{clade |1=M.linearifloria |2=M.paniculata}} |2={{clade |label1=Section Parvistella

|1=M.humilis |2={{clade |label1=Section Xeromontana

|1={{clade |1={{clade |1=M.densiflora |2=M.deserticola}} |2={{clade |1=M.solanoides v. solanoides |2=M.lirana v. lirana |3=M.lirana v. subglab. |4=M.solanoides v. rugosa |5={{clade |1=M.bracteata v. campanulata |2=M.bracteata v. bracteata}}}}}}

|label2=Section Malesherbia

|2={{clade |1={{clade |1=M.tubulosa |2={{clade |1=M.scarlatiflora |2=M.splendens |3=M.weberbaueri}}}} |2={{clade |1=M.haemantha |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=M.auristipulata |2=M.turbinea}} |2={{clade |1=M.tocopillana |2=M.ardens}} }} |3={{clade |1=M.arequipensis |2=M.angustisecta |3=M.tenuifolia}}

}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Please note, this phylogeny does not include ''Malesherbia laraosensis''. As of 2022, a phylogenetic analysis including ''M. laraosensis'' has not been published.

== Uses ==

=== Medicinal === In Peru'', Malesherbia ardens'' is used in traditional medicine to treat colds, coughs, bronchitis, and asthma.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Bussmann |first1=Rainer W |last2=Sharon |first2=Douglas |date=2006 |title=Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=47 |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-2-47 |doi-access=free |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=1637095 |pmid=17090303}}</ref> The entire plant along with others known as Contilo, Arabisca, and Huamanripa are brewed into a tea, which is consumed three times a day.<ref name=":2" />

== Distribution == Members of ''Malesherbia'' are native to South America, specifically the arid and Andean regions of Perú, Chile and Argentina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gengler-Nowak |first=Karla |date=2002-01-01 |title=Reconstruction of the biogeographical history of Malesherbiaceae |url=https://doi.org/10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0171:ROTBHO]2.0.CO;2 |journal=The Botanical Review |language=en |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=171–188 |doi=10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0171:ROTBHO]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=2664205 |issn=1874-9372|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guerrero |first1=Pablo C. |last2=Rosas |first2=Marcelo |last3=Arroyo |first3=Mary T. K. |last4=Wiens |first4=John J. |date=2013-07-09 |title=Evolutionary lag times and recent origin of the biota of an ancient desert (Atacama–Sechura) |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=110 |issue=28 |pages=11469–11474 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1308721110 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3710863 |pmid=23798420 |bibcode=2013PNAS..11011469G |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Malesherbia Category:Passifloraceae genera Category:Taxa named by José Antonio Pavón Jiménez Category:Taxa named by Hipólito Ruiz López