Turnera

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Turnera ulmifolia 01.JPG |image_caption = ''Turnera ulmifolia'' |taxon = Turnera |authority = L.<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12496 |title=Genus: ''Turnera'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2010-01-27 |access-date=2011-10-12}}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text |type_species = Turnera ulmifolia |type_species_authority = L. 1753 }}

'''''Turnera''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC |title=The Names of Plants |first=D. |last=Gledhill |edition=4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86645-3 |year=2008 |page=391}}</ref> It was previously placed in the family Turneraceae.<ref name="GRIN"/>

==Species== The following species are currently recognized:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turnera Plum. ex L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002520-2 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref>

=== A === * ''Turnera acangatinga Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas'' * ''Turnera acaulis1Griseb.'' * ''Turnera acuta2 Willd.'' * ''Turnera amapaensis R.S.Cowan'' * ''Turnera amazonica1?Arbo'' * ''Turnera angelicae Arbo'' * ''Turnera annectens2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera arcuata2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera arenaria (Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo'' * ''Turnera argentea2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera aromatica2Arbo'' * ''Turnera asymmetrica2Arbo'' * ''Turnera aurantiaca2 Benth.'' * ''Turnera aurelioi1 Arbo''

=== B === * ''Turnera bahiensis Urb.'' ** var. ''bahiensis2'' ** var. ''truncata2 Arbo.'' * ''Turnera benthamiana2 M.R.Schomb.'' * ''Turnera blanchetiana Urb.'' ** var. ''blanchetiana2'' ** var. ''subsppicata Urb.'' * ''Turnera brasiliensis2Willd. ex Schult.'' * ''Turnera breviflora2Moura''

=== C === * ''Turnera caatingana2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera callosa2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera campaniflora1 Arbo, Shore & S.C.H.Barrett'' * ''Turnera candida1 Arbo'' * ''Turnera castilloi2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera cearensis2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera chamaedrifolia3 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera chrysocephala2Urb.'' * ''Turnera cicatricosa2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera cipoensis2Arbo'' * ''Turnera clauseniana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera coccinea2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera coerulea2 DC.'' ** var. ''coerulea2'' ** var. ''surinamensis2 (Urb.) Arbo & Av.Fernández'' * ''Turnera collotricha2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera concinna2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera confertiflora2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera coriacea Urb.'' ** var. ''solium2'' * ''Turnera crulsii2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera cuneiformis1 Juss. ex Poir.'' * ''Turnera curassavica2 Urb.''

=== D === * ''Turnera dasytricha Pilg.'' ** var. ''crinita Arbo'' ** var. ''dasytricha'' * ''Turnera diamantinae Arbo'' * ''Turnera dichotoma2 Gardner ex Hook.'' * ''Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult.'' ** var. ''diffusa2'' * ''Turnera discolor2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera discors Arbo'' * ''Turnera dolichostigma2Urb.''

=== E === * ''Turnera elliptica2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera emendata Arbo''

=== F === * ''Turnera fasciculifolia L.Rocha & Arbo'' * ''Turnera fernandezii2Arbo'' * ''Turnera fissifolia Arbo'' * ''Turnera foliosa2 Urb.''

=== G === * ''Turnera gardneriana1? Arbo'' * ''Turnera genistoides2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera glabrata Arbo'' * ''Turnera glaziovii2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera gouveiana Arbo'' * ''Turnera grandidentata2 (Urb.) Arbo'' * ''Turnera grandiflora2 (Urb.) Arbo'' * ''Turnera guianensis2 Aubl.''

=== H === * ''Turnera harleyi2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera hassleriana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera hermannioides2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera hilaireana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera hindsiana2 Benth.'' ** subspecies ''brachyantha2 Arbo'' ** subspecies ''hindsiana2'' * ''Turnera huberi2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera humilis Arbo''

=== I === * ''Turnera ibateguara Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas'' * ''Turnera ignota2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera incana2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera involucrata2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera iterata2 Arbo''

=== J === * ''Turnera jobertii Arbo'' * ''Turnera joelii2 Arbo''

=== K === * ''Turnera krapovickasii2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera kuhlmanniana2 Arbo''

=== L === * ''Turnera laciniata2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera lamiifolia2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera lanceolata2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera leptosperma2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera lineata2? Urb.'' * ''Turnera longiflora2 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera longipes2 Triana ex Urb.'' * ''Turnera lucida1 Urb.'' * ''Turnera luetzelburgii Sleumer'' ** var. ''dubia2 Arbo'' ** var. ''luetzelburgii2''

=== M === * ''Turnera macrophylla3 Urb.'' * ''Turnera macrosperma L.Rocha & Arbo'' * ''Turnera maigualidensis J.R.Grande & Arbo'' * ''Turnera melanorhiza2 Urb.'' ** var. ''arenaria2'' ** var. ''latifolia2'' ** var. ''melochioides2'' ** var. ''rugosa2'' * ''Turnera melochia Triana & Planch.'' ** var. ''melochia'' ** var. ''ramosissima (Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo'' * ''Turnera melochioides Cambess.'' ** var. ''latifolia Urb.'' ** var. ''melochioides 2'' ** var. ''rugosa Arbo''

=== N === * ''Turnera nervosa2 Urb.''

=== O === * ''Turnera oblongifolia2 Cambess.'' ** var. ''goyanzensis2'' (Urb.) Arbo ** var. ''oblongifolia2'' * ''Turnera occidentalis1 Arbo & Shore'' * ''Turnera oculata Story'' ** var. ''oculata1'' ** var. ''paucipilosa'' (Oberm.) * ''Turnera odorata2 Rich.'' * ''Turnera opifera2 Mart.'' * ''Turnera orientalis1 (Urb.) Arbo''

=== P === * ''Turnera panamensis2Urb'' * ''Turnera paradoxa Arbo'' * ''Turnera paruana2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera patens Arbo'' * ''Turnera pinifolia1 Cambess.'' * ''Turnera pohliana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera prancei2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera pumilea L.'' ** var. ''piauhyensis2 Urb.'' ** var. ''pumilea1'' * ''Turnera purpurascens2 Arbo''

=== R === * ''Turnera reginae2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera revoluta2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera riedeliana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera rosulata2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera rupestris Aubl.'' ** var. ''frutescemces (Aubl.) Urb.'' ** var. ''rupestris2''

=== S === * ''Turnera sancta2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera scabra2 Millsp.'' * ''Turnera serrata Vell.'' ** var. ''brevifolia2 Urb.'' ** var. ''latifolia Urb.'' ** var. ''serrata 2'' * ''Turnera sidoides L.'' ** subsp. ''carnea3 (Cambess.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''holosericea3 (Urb.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''integrifolia2 (Griseb.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''pinnatifida2 (Juss. ex Poir.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''sidoides3'' * ''Turnera simulans2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera stachydifolia Urb. & Rolfe'' ** var. ''flexuosa Urb.'' ** var. ''stachydifolia2'' * ''Turnera stenophylla2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera steyermarkii2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera stipularis2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera subnuda2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera subulata2 Sm.''

=== T === * ''Turnera tapajoensis1?Moura'' * ''Turnera tenuicaulis2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera thomasii1 (Urb.) Story'' * ''Turnera triglandulosa Millsp.'' * ''Turnera trigona2 Urb.''

=== U === * ''Turnera uleana2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera ulmifolia1 L.'' ** var. ''acuta1 (Mill.) Willd.'' ** var. ''ulmifolia1'' * ''Turnera urbanii1 Arbo''

=== V === * ''Turnera vallisii Arbo'' * ''Turnera velutina1 C.Presl'' * ''Turnera venezuelana Arbo'' * ''Turnera venosa2 Urb.'' * ''Turnera vicaria2 Arbo'' * ''Turnera violacea Brandegee''

=== W === * ''Turnera weddelliana2 Urb. & Rolfe''

=== Z === * ''Turnera zeasperma C.D.Adams & V.Bean''

==== Notes on the number of floral morphs ==== ''1,2,3'' denote the number of floral morphs (1 = homostylous, 2 = distylous, 3 = distylous with intermediate morph)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rocha |first1=Lamarck |last2=Ribeiro |first2=Patrícia Luz |last3=Endress |first3=Peter K. |last4=Rapini |first4=Alessandro |date=2019 |title=A brainstorm on the systematics of Turnera (Turneraceae, Malpighiales) caused by insights from molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=137 |pages=44–63 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.015|pmid=30999036 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019MolPE.137...44R }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shore |first1=Joel S. |last2=Arbo |first2=Maria M. |last3=Fernández |first3=Aveliano |date=2006 |title=Breeding system variation, genetics and evolution in the Turneraceae |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=171 |issue=3 |pages=539–551 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01807.x |pmid=16866957 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free |hdl=11336/41821 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ''?'' Denotes uncertain annotations. Those unannotated are missing data.

=== Formerly placed in the genus === *''Piriqueta cistoides'' (L.) Griseb. (as ''T. cistoides'' L. or ''T. tomentosa'' Willd.) *''Piriqueta racemosa'' (Jacq.) Sweet (as ''T. ovata'' Bello or ''T. racemosa'' Jacq.)<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12496 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Turnera'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-01-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075538/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12496 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} *[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TURNE USDA PLANTS Profile]

Category:Turnera Category:Passifloraceae genera Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Long stubs with short prose