Mahmoud Darwish

{{Short description|Palestinian author and poet (1941–2008)}} {{protection padlock|small=yes}} {{AI-generated|certain=y|date=October 2025}} {{Use American English|date=July 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox writer  | name = Mahmoud Darwish | native_name = {{nobold|{{Script/Arabic|مَحمُود دَرْوِيْش}}}} | native_name_lang = ar | image = MahmoudDarwish.jpg | caption = Darwish at Bethlehem University (2006) | birth_date = {{birth date text|13 March 1941}} | birth_place = Al-Birwa, Acre Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine (now Israel) | death_date = {{death date and age|2008|8|9|1941|3|13|df=y}} | death_place = Houston, Texas, United States | occupation = {{hlist|Author|poet}} | period = | genre = | imagesize = 220px | resting_place = Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine | alma_mater = Moscow State University | spouse = {{marriage|Rana Kabbani|1976|1982|reason=div}}<br />{{marriage|Hayat Heeni|reason=sep}} | years_active = 1960–2008 | notable_works = Palestinian Declaration of Independence (1988) | citizenship = Mandate Palestinian (1941–1948)<br />Stateless (1948–1988)<br />Palestinian (1988–2008) | language = }}

'''Mahmoud Darwish''' ({{langx|ar|مَحمُود دَرْوِيْش|Maḥmūd Darwīsh}}; 13 March 1941 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian author and poet. He wrote the Palestinian Declaration of Independence, which formally established the State of Palestine in November 1988, and is widely regarded as the country's national poet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7551918.stm |title=Palestinian 'national poet' dies |website=BBC News |date=9 August 2008}}</ref> His poetry and other literature, for which he won numerous awards internationally, was published in Arabic, while he also spoke English, French, and Hebrew.

In his poetic works, Darwish explored Palestine as a metaphor for the loss of Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/22/books/a-poet-s-palestine-as-a-metaphor.html |first=Adam |last=Shatz |title=A Poet's Palestine as a Metaphor |work=New York Times |date=22 December 2001}}</ref><ref name="Gua">{{cite web |author-link=Maya Jaggi |first=Maya |last=Jaggi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4428829,00.html |title=Profile: Mahmoud Darwish – Poet of the Arab world |work=The Guardian |date=8 June 2002}}</ref> He has been described as incarnating and reflecting "the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry."<ref name="theamericanscholar">{{cite web |url=http://theamericanscholar.org/prince-of-poets/ |title=Prince of Poets |website=The American Scholar |first=David J. |last=Wasserstein |date=4 September 2012}}</ref> He served as an editor for several literary magazines in both Israel and the Palestinian territories. [[File:Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian National Poet.jpg|Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian National Poet, Pen and Ink Portrait by Amitabh Mitra |thumb|right]]

==Early and personal life== Darwish was born to a family of land-owning Arab Palestinians in al-Birwa, which was situated in the Western Galilee, on 13 March 1941.<ref name="SG1">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2008081014106 |title=Death defeats Darwish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211130233/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2008081014106 |archive-date=11 December 2008 |work=Saudi Gazette |date=10 August 2008}}</ref> He was the second child of Salim Darwish and Houreyyah. While his mother was illiterate, Darwish was educated and taught how to read by his grandfather.<ref name="Gua"/> During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, al-Birwa was captured and subsequently razed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), prompting Darwish's family to flee to Lebanon, where they settled first in Jezzine and then in Damour.<ref name="Gua2">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Peter |date=11 August 2008 |title=Mahmoud Darwish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/11/poetry.israelandthepalestinians |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name=Azar>{{cite book|last=Azar|first=George Baramki|title=Palestine: A photographic journey|year=1991|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-07544-3|page=125|quote=He was born in al-Birwa, a village east of Acre, in 1941. In 1948 his family fled to Lebanon to escape the fighting between the Arab and Israeli armies. When they returned to their village, they found it had been razed by Israeli troops.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mattar|first=Philip|title=Encyclopedia of the Palestinians|year=2005|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|isbn=0-8160-5764-8|page=115 |quote=al-Birwa...had been razed by the Israeli army}}</ref><ref name=taha>{{cite book|last=Taha|first=Ibrahim|title=The Palestinian Novel: a communication study|year=2002 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1271-7|page=6|quote=al-Birwa (the village where the well-known Mahmud Darwish was born), which was destroyed by the Israeli army in 1948.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jonathan|last=Cook|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/08/palestinian-darwish-israel|title=A poet for the people|work=New Statesman|date=21 August 2008|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825022210/https://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/08/palestinian-darwish-israel|archive-date=25 August 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jonathan |last=Cook |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/poet-s-village-lives-only-in-memory-1.504424|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114182148/http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/poets-village-lives-only-in-memory|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2013|website=The National|date=12 August 2008|access-date=20 August 2012|title=Poet's village lives only in memory}}</ref>

A year later, Darwish's family returned to Israel and settled in Deir al-Asad.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990823093225/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/2549/darwish.html |website=GeoCities |title=Mahmoud Darwish Biography |first=Sameh |last=Al-Natour |url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/2549/darwish.html |archive-date=23 August 1999}}</ref> Darwish attended high school in Kafr Yasif before eventually moving to Haifa. Although Israel's Citizenship Law of 1952 was conferred upon Arab Palestinians who remained within Israel's borders after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Darwish and his family were only granted residency status.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Even-Nur |first=Ayelet |date=28 April 2020 |title='The Poem Is What Lies Between A Between: Mahmoud Darwish and the Prosody of Displacement |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol22/iss1/9 |journal=CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture |volume=22 |issue=1 |doi=10.7771/1481-4374.3697 |issn=1481-4374|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Darwish was twice married and divorced. His first wife was the writer Rana Kabbani. After they divorced, in the mid-1980s, he married an Egyptian translator, Hayat Heeni. He had no children.<ref name="Gua" /> The "Rita" of Darwish's poems was a Jewish woman whom he loved when he was living in Haifa; he revealed in an interview with French journalist Laure Adler that her name is Tamar Ben-Ami.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:"ريتا" محمود درويش وشلومو ساند الحالم بزنابق بِيض(*) |url=https://www.almodon.com/culture/2017/2/4/ريتا-محمود-درويش-وشلومو-ساند-الحالم-بزنابق-بيض |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=almodon |language=ar |date=2017}}</ref> The relationship was the subject of the film ''Write Down, I Am an Arab'' by filmmaker Ibtisam Mara'ana.

Darwish had a history of heart disease, suffering a heart attack in 1984. He had two heart operations, in 1984 and 1998.<ref name="Gua" />

== Career ==

=== Literary === He published his first book of poetry, ''Asafir bila ajniha,'' or "Wingless Birds," at the age of 19. He initially published his poems in ''Al Jadid,'' the literary periodical of the Israeli Communist Party, eventually becoming its editor.<ref name="Ha1" /> Later, he was assistant editor of ''Al Fajr,'' a literary periodical published by the Israeli Workers' Party (Mapam).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tnuathaavoda.info/zope/home/5/press/1123065116/|title=Web Site of the Israeli Labor Party|publisher=Israeli Labor Party|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-date=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324154727/http://tnuathaavoda.info/zope/home/5/press/1123065116/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1970, Darwish left Israel to study in the Soviet Union,<ref name="haaretz.com">{{cite web |last=Masalha |first=Salman |date=September 2008 |title=He made a homeland of words |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1019886.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918015557/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1019886.html |archive-date=18 September 2008 |work=Haaretz}}</ref> where he attended Moscow State University for one year.<ref name="Gua" /> In 1971, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, where he worked for the daily newspaper al-Ahram.

Over his lifetime of 67 years Darwish published more than 30 volumes of poetry and eight books of prose. At one time or another, he was editor of the periodicals ''Al Jadid'', ''Al Fajr'', ''Shu'un Filastiniyya'', and ''Al Karmel''. He was also one of the contributors of ''Lotus'', a literary magazine financed by Egypt and the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite news |first=Firoze |last=Manji|title=The Rise and Significance of Lotus|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?article1976|access-date=24 October 2021 |work=CODESRIA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609082847/https://codesria.org/spip.php?article1976|archive-date=9 June 2021|date=3 March 2014}}</ref>

By the age of 17, Darwish was writing poetry about the suffering of Palestinian refugees in the Nakba and the inevitability of their return, and had begun reciting his poems at poetry festivals.<ref>{{cite book |first=Maha |last=Nassar |date=2017 |title=Brothers Apart: Palestinian Citizens of Israel and the Arab World |location=Stanford |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=93}}</ref> Seven years later, on 1 May 1965, when Darwish read his poem "Bitaqat huwiyya" ["Identity Card"] to a crowd in a Nazareth movie house, there was a tumultuous reaction. Within days the poem had spread throughout the country and the Arab world.<ref>{{cite web |author=Snir, Reuven |title='Other Barbarians Will Come': Intertextuality, Meta-Poetry, and Meta-Myth in Mahmud Darwish's Poetry |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305083220 |ref=refSnir}}; {{citation |title=Conclusion: 'The Poet Cannot Be But a Poet'}}. In {{cite book |editor-first1=Hala |editor-last1=Khamis Nassar |editor-first2=Najat |editor-last2=Rahman |title=Mahmoud Darwish, Exile's Poet: Critical Essays |location=Northampton, MA |publisher= Interlink Books |date=2008 |pages=123–66}}</ref> Published in his second volume "Leaves of Olives" (Haifa, 1964), the six stanzas of the poem repeat the cry "Write down: I am an Arab."<ref>Wedde, Ian and Tuqan, Fawwaz (introduction and translation), ''Selected Poems: Mahmoud Darwish''. Cheshire: Carcanet Press, 1973, p. 24.</ref> His 1966 "To My Mother" became an unofficial Palestinian anthem,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mattawa |first=Khaled |title=Mahmoud Darwish: the poet's art and his nation |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8156-5273-1|edition=1st|location=Syracuse, New York|publisher=Syracuse University Press|oclc=881430503}}</ref> and his 1967 poem "A Soldier Dreams Of White Lilies"{{Efn|Also translated as "A Soldier Dreams of White Tulips".|group=lower-alpha}} about a conversation with a young Shlomo Sand as an Israeli soldier stirred debate due to its portrayal of the Israeli soldier.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khoury |first=Elias |author-link=Elias Khoury |script-title=ar: الزنابق البيضاء... |url=https://www.masarat.ps/article/1559/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1|access-date=2023-03-12|website=www.masarat.ps|language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2 February 2020 |script-title= ar:مَنْ يحلم بالزنابق البيضاء؟ {{!}} صبحي حديدي |url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/مَنْ-يحلم-بالزنابق-البيضاء؟/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=al-Quds |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":1" />{{Rp|pages=55–61}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last1=Sand |first1=Shlomo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enIMAQAAMAAJ |script-title=he:מתי ואיך הומצא העם היהודי? |year=2008 |publisher=רסלינג |language=he}}</ref>{{Rp|page=19}} Darwish's poems were translated into Danish and published in various publications, including ''Politisk Revy''.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Sune Haugbolle|issue=1|author2=Pelle Valentin Olsen|title=Emergence of Palestine as a Global Cause|journal=Middle East Critique|volume=32|year=2023|page=139|doi=10.1080/19436149.2023.2168379|s2cid=256654768|doi-access=free|hdl=10852/109792|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Darwish's early writings are in the classical Arabic style. He wrote monorhymed poems adhering to the metrics of traditional Arabic poetry. In the 1970s, he began to stray from these precepts and adopted a "free-verse" technique that did not abide strictly by classical poetic norms. The quasi-Romantic diction of his early works gave way to a more personal, flexible language, and the slogans and declarative language that characterized his early poetry were replaced by indirect and ostensibly apolitical statements, although politics was never far away.{{Tone inline|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Passing in passing words |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011855.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191107/http://www.haaretz.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 September 2015 |work=Haaretz}}</ref>

In the 1970s, "Darwish, as a Palestinian poet of the Resistance committed himself to the ... objective of nurturing the vision of defeat and disaster (after the June War of 1967), so much so that it would 'gnaw at the hearts' of the forthcoming generations."<ref>{{cite book |author=Butt, Aviva |chapter=Mahmud Darwish, Mysticism and Qasidat al-Raml [The Poem of the Sand] |title=Poets from a War Torn World |publisher=Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co. |date=2012 |pages=8–15}}</ref> Darwish addressed the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon in ''Ward aqall'' [Fewer Roses] (1986) and ''"Sa-ya'ti barabira akharun"'' ("Other Barbarians Will Come").<ref>Snir, p.124-5.</ref>

According to the Israeli author Haim Gouri, who knew him personally, Darwish's Hebrew was excellent.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |last=Gouri |first=Haim |date=15 August 2008 |title=Fleeting words |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011812.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818143255/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011812.html |archive-date=18 August 2008 |work=Haaretz}}</ref> Four volumes of his poetry were translated into Hebrew by Muhammad Hamza Ghaneim:{{Who|date=April 2026}} ''Bed of a Stranger'' (2000), ''Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone?'' (2000), ''State of Siege'' (2003), and ''Mural'' (2006).<ref name="haaretz.com" /> Israeli poet Salman Masalha, who wrote in both Arabic and Hebrew, translated Darwish's poem ''Memory for Forgetfulness'' into Hebrew.<ref name="haaretz.com" />

Darwish was impressed by the Iraqi poets Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab.<ref name="Gua2" /> He cited French poet Arthur Rimbaud and American poet Allen Ginsberg as literary influences.<ref name="Gua" /> Darwish admired the Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai, but described his poetry as a "challenge to me, because we write about the same place. He wants to use the landscape and history for his own benefit, based on my destroyed identity. So we have a competition: who is the owner of the language of this land? Who loves it more? Who writes it better?"<ref name="Gua" />

=== Political === In 1973, Darwish joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and was consequently banned from entering Israel.<ref name="Gua" /> In Beirut, Lebanon, in 1973, he edited the monthly ''Shu'un Filistiniyya'' (''Palestinian Affairs'') and worked as a director in the Palestinian Research Centre of the PLO. In the wake of the 1982 Lebanon War, Darwish wrote the political poems ''Qasidat Beirut'' (1982) and ''Madih al-zill al'ali'' (1983). Darwish was elected to the PLO Executive Committee in 1987.

In 1993, Darwish resigned from the PLO Executive Committee due to his opposition to the Oslo Accords.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Shatz |first=Adam |date=22 December 2001 |title=A Poet's Palestine as a Metaphor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/22/books/a-poet-s-palestine-as-a-metaphor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628161550/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/22/books/a-poet-s-palestine-as-a-metaphor.html |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Saber |first=Indlieb Farazi |title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> He later recounted: "All I saw in the agreement was an Israeli solution to Israeli problems and that the PLO had to perform its role in solving Israel’s security problems."<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Antoon |first=Sinan |year=2002 |title=Mahmud Darwish's Allegorical Critique of Oslo. |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=66–77 |doi=10.1525/jps.2002.31.2.66 }}</ref>

In 1996, he returned to Israel to attend the funeral of his colleague Emile Habibi, having received a permit to remain in Haifa for four days.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite web |first=Joel |last=Greenberg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/10/world/ramallah-journal-suitcase-no-longer-his-homeland-a-poet-returns.html |title=Ramallah Journal; Suitcase No Longer His Homeland, a Poet Returns |work=New York Times |date=10 May 1996}}</ref> Due to leaving the PLO, he was allowed to live in the West Bank and moved to Ramallah.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NYT" />

His final visit to Israel was on 15 July 2007, to attend a poetry recital at Mt. Carmel Auditorium in Haifa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Yoav |last=Stern |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/877733.html |title=Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish to attend event in Haifa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628111801/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/877733.html |archive-date=28 June 2009 |work=Ha'aretz}}</ref> There, he criticized the factional violence between Fatah and Hamas as a "suicide attempt in the streets."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6900624.stm |title=Palestinian poet derides factions |work=BBC News |date=16 July 2007}}</ref>

== Death == [[File:PS-Mahmoud Darwish memorial, Ramallah (6).JPG|thumb|right|Darwish's grave and memorial in Ramallah]]

Darwish died on 9 August 2008 at the age of 67, three days after heart surgery at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas. Before surgery, Darwish had signed a document asking not to be resuscitated in the event of brain death.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 August 2008 |title=Palestinian poet Darwish dies |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/08/200889171240520492.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810005254/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/08/200889171240520492.html |archive-date=10 August 2008 |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=10 August 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Ibrahim Muhawi, the poet, though suffering from serious heart problems, did not require urgent surgery, and the day set for the operation bore a symbolic resonance. In his ''Memory for Forgetfulness,'' Darwish centred the narrative of Israel's invasion of Lebanon and 88-day siege of Beirut on 6 August 1982, which was the anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima during World War II. A new bomb had been deployed, which could collapse and level a 12-storey building by creating a vacuum. Darwish wrote: "On this day, on the anniversary of the Hiroshima bomb, they are trying out the vacuum bomb on our flesh and the experiment is successful." By his choice of that day for surgery, Muwahi suggests, Darwish was documenting: "the nothingness he saw lying ahead for the Palestinian people."<ref>{{cite web |last=Muhawi |first=Ibrahim |author-link=Ibrahim Muhawi |date=2009 |title=Contexts of Language in Mahmoud Darwish |url=http://ccas.georgetown.edu/document/1242772109538/CCAS_Occasional%2BPaper_7.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016235830/http://ccas.georgetown.edu/document/1242772109538/CCAS_Occasional%2BPaper_7.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Center for Contemporary Arabic Studies, Georgetown University}}</ref>

Early reports of his death in the Arabic press indicated that Darwish had asked in his will to be buried in Palestine. Three locations were originally suggested; his home village of al-Birwa, the neighboring village Jadeida, where some of Darwish's family still resides, or in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Ramallah Mayor Janet Mikhail announced later that Darwish would be buried next to Ramallah's Palace of Culture, at the summit of a hill overlooking Jerusalem on the southwestern outskirts of Ramallah, and a shrine would be erected in his honor.<ref name="Ha1">{{cite web |last=Bar'el |first=Zvi |date=10 August 2008 |title=Palestinian Poet Mahmoud Darwish to Be Laid to Rest in Ramallah |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2008-08-10/ty-article/palestinian-poet-mahmoud-darwish-to-be-laid-to-rest-in-ramallah/0000017f-def7-d856-a37f-fff7d0d00000 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Ha'aretz}}</ref> Ahmed Darwish said "Mahmoud doesn't just belong to a family or a town, but to all the Palestinians, and he should be buried in a place, where all Palestinians can come and visit him."<ref name="Jpo">{{cite web |date=10 August 2008 |title=Darwish to be buried in Ramallah Tuesday |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218104248417&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112001551/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218104248417&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=12 January 2012 |work=Jerusalem Post |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared three days of mourning to honor Darwish and he was accorded the equivalent of a State funeral.<ref name="Ha1" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Assadi |first=Mohammed |date=10 August 2008 |title=Palestinians plan big funeral for poet Darwish |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/10/AR2008081000679.html?sub=new |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> A set of four postage stamps commemorating Darwish was issued in August 2008 by the PA.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tobias Zywietz |date=15 March 2009 |title=The Stamps of Palestine 2008 |url=http://www.zobbel.de/stamp/pna_2008.htm |access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2008 |title=Mahmoud Darwish postal stamp released |url=http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=30901 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216202819/http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=30901 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 February 2012 |access-date=13 June 2009 |work=Ma'an News Agency}}</ref>

Arrangements for flying the body in from Texas delayed the funeral for a day.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 August 2008 |title=Mahmoud Darwish funeral postponed till Wednesday |url=http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Middle_East/10236279.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815001254/http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Middle_East/10236279.html |archive-date=15 August 2008 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> Darwish's body was then flown from Amman, Jordan for the burial in Ramallah. The first eulogy was delivered by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to an orderly gathering of thousands. Several left-wing Knesset members attended the official ceremony; Mohammed Barakeh (Hadash) and Ahmed Tibi (United Arab List-Ta'al) stood with the family, and Dov Khenin (Hadash) and Jamal Zahalka (Balad) were in the hall at the Mukataa. Also present was the former French prime minister and poet Dominique de Villepin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Issacharoff |first1=Avi |last2=Khoury |first2=Jack |date=14 August 2008 |title=Mahmoud Darwish – The death of a Palestinian cultural symbol |url=https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011400.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814121249/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011400.html |archive-date=14 August 2008 |work=Ha'aretz |access-date=14 August 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the ceremony, Darwish's coffin was taken in a cortege at walking pace from the Mukataa to the Palace of Culture, gathering thousands of followers along the way.

On 5 October 2008, the International Literature Festival Berlin held a worldwide reading in memory of Mahmoud Darwish.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2008 |title=Worldwide Reading in Memory of Mahmoud Darwish |url=http://www.worldwide-reading.com/archiv-en/weltweite-lesung-in-memoriam-mahmud-darwisch-am-5.-oktober-2008?set_language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419183115/http://www.worldwide-reading.com/archiv-en/weltweite-lesung-in-memoriam-mahmud-darwisch-am-5.-oktober-2008?set_language=en |archive-date=19 April 2016 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Worldwide Reading}}</ref>

==Views== [[File:Arafat Darwish Habash.jpg|thumb|Yasser Arafat, Mahmoud Darwish & George Habash (pictured in 1980)]]

===On the Israeli–Palestinian peace process=== Darwish opposed the Oslo Accords.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Palattella |first=John |date=1 February 2007 |title=Lines of Resistance |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/lines-resistance/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The Nation |language=en-US |issn=0027-8378}}</ref>

Despite his criticism of both Israel and the Palestinian leadership, Darwish believed that peace was attainable. "I do not despair," he told the Israeli newspaper ''Haaretz''. "I am patient and am waiting for a profound revolution in the consciousness of the Israelis. The Arabs are ready to accept a strong Israel with nuclear arms – all it has to do is open the gates of its fortress and make peace."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karpel |first=Dalia |date=9 July 2024 |title=Return of the 'Modest Poet' |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-12/ty-article/return-of-the-modest-poet/0000017f-e82b-d62c-a1ff-fc7b4e110000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240709230159/https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-12/ty-article/return-of-the-modest-poet/0000017f-e82b-d62c-a1ff-fc7b4e110000 |archive-date=2024-07-09 |access-date= |website=Haaretz}}</ref>

=== On antisemitism === Darwish rejected accusations of antisemitism: "The accusation is that I hate Jews. It's not comfortable that they show me as a devil and an enemy of Israel. I am not a lover of Israel, of course. I have no reason to be. But I don't hate Jews."<ref>{{cite web |last=Sachs |first=Susan |date=7 March 2000 |title=Ramallah Journal; Poetry of Arab Pain: Are Israeli Students Ready? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/07/world/ramallah-journal-poetry-of-arab-pain-are-israeli-students-ready.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> Darwish described Hebrew as a "language of love."<ref name="theamericanscholar" /> He considered himself to be part of the Jewish civilization that existed in Palestine and hoped for a reconciliation between the Palestinians and the Jews. When this happens, "the Jew will not be ashamed to find an Arab element in himself, and the Arab will not be ashamed to declare that he incorporates Jewish elements."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Behar |first=Almog |year=2011 |title=Mahmoud Darwish: Poetry's State of Siege |url=http://www.levantine-journal.org/Mahmoud+Darwish_h_hd_8_4.aspx |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Levantine Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107131508/http://www.levantine-journal.org/Mahmoud+Darwish_h_hd_8_4.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2014 }}</ref>

===On the Fatah–Hamas conflict=== In 2005, outdoor music and dance performances in Qalqiliya were suddenly banned by the Hamas-led municipality, with authorities saying that such events were forbidden by Islam. The municipality also prohibited the playing of music in the Qalqiliya zoo.<ref name="freemuse" /><ref name="barel">{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/afghanistan-in-palestine-1.165006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102131343/http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/afghanistan-in-palestine-1.165006 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2012 |first=Zvi |last=Bar'el |title=Afghanistan in Palestine |work=Haaretz |date=26 July 2005}}</ref> In response, Darwish warned that ''"''There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign''.''"<ref name="freemuse">{{cite web|url=http://www.freemuse.org/sw10095.asp|title=Palestine: Taliban-like attempts to censor music|work=The World Forum on Music and Censorship|date=17 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807211707/http://www.freemuse.org/sw10095.asp|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="barel" /><ref name="darwish">"Palestinians Debate Whether Future State Will be Theocracy or Democracy," ''Associated Press'', 13 July 2005.</ref><ref name="newhumanist">{{cite journal|url=http://newhumanist.org.uk/937/gaza-taliban |title=Gaza Taliban? |journal=The New Humanist |volume=121 |issue=1 |date=2006}}</ref>

In July 2007, Darwish visited Israel for the first time in over 35 years{{citation needed|reason=Above in the article it is stated that he visited Haifa in 1996 for the funeral of Emile Habibi|date=December 2024}} and spoke at an event sponsored by the Hadash coalition.<ref name=":2" /> In his speech, he expressed his dismay because Hamas had recently defeated Fatah in the Gaza civil war and taken complete control of the Gaza Strip: "We woke up from a coma to see a monocolored flag (of Hamas) do away with the four-color flag (of Palestine)''.''"<ref name="AFP">{{cite web |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5igYFPqJ-3jDYRqxlRY1rIVvtHvvg |title=Famed Palestinian poet Mahmud Darwish dies: hospital |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813080018/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5igYFPqJ-3jDYRqxlRY1rIVvtHvvg |archive-date=13 August 2008 |work=AFP |date=9 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Peter |date=10 August 2008 |title=Mahmoud Darwish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/11/poetry.israelandthepalestinians |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Additionally, he criticized the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Fatah as "a public attempt at suicide" and a barrier to Palestinian statehood: "Gaza won its independence from the West Bank. One people now have two states, two prisons."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saber |first=Indlieb Farazi |title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last1=Eyadat |first1=Fadi |last2=Stern |first2=Yoav |date=16 July 2007 |title=Darwish: Palestinian Infighting Is Public Attempt at Suicide' |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-16/ty-article/darwish-palestinian-infighting-is-public-attempt-at-suicide/0000017f-ded7-df62-a9ff-ded7f5190000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240709223730/https://www.haaretz.com/2007-07-16/ty-article/darwish-palestinian-infighting-is-public-attempt-at-suicide/0000017f-ded7-df62-a9ff-ded7f5190000 |archive-date=2024-07-09 |work=Haaretz}}</ref>

== Legacy ==

=== In Palestinian society === Darwish is widely perceived as a Palestinian symbol<ref name="haaretz.com" /> and a spokesman for Palestinians.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mattawa |first=Khaled |title=Mahmoud Darwish: the poet's art and his nation |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8156-3361-7 |location=Syracuse, New York |pages=3, 5, 10, 35}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Voskeritchian |first=Taline |date=24 January 2002 |title=Lines Beyond the Nakba |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/lines-beyond-nakba/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=The Nation |language=en-US |issn=0027-8378}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salmi |first=Charlotta |date=24 April 2012 |title='A Necessary Forgetfulness of the Memory of Peace': Mahmoud Darwish's Poetry of No Return |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369801X.2012.656936 |journal=Interventions |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=55–68 |doi=10.1080/1369801X.2012.656936 |issn=1369-801X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Darwish's work has won numerous awards and been published in 20 languages.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Mahmoud Darwish |url=http://www.fencemag.com/v5n1/text/darwish.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021001094516/http%3A//www.fencemag.com/v5n1/text/darwish.html |archive-date=1 October 2002 |magazine=Fence |volume=5 |issue=1 }}</ref> A central theme in Darwish's poetry is the concept of ''watan'' or homeland. The poet Naomi Shihab Nye wrote that Darwish "is the essential breath of the Palestinian people, the eloquent witness of exile and belonging..."<ref>{{cite web |title=About Mahmoud Darwish |url=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/1062 |website=Academy of American Poets}}</ref> He has inspired the work of Libyan textile artist Nour Jaouda.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=Biennale Arte 2024 {{!}} Nour Jaouda |url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/art/2024/nucleo-contemporaneo/nour-jaouda |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=La Biennale |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318111346/https://www.labiennale.org/en/art/2024/nucleo-contemporaneo/nour-jaouda |archive-date=18 March 2025 }}</ref>

[[File:Kbxxus, Carduelis (Goldfinch), Street art in Silwan, Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|Part of the ''I Witness Silwan'' art installation includes the text "My homeland is not a suitcase and I am no traveler".<ref name=Hasson>{{cite news |last=Hasson |first=Nir |title=Palestinians Paint Murals in Jerusalem, Looking Israeli Occupation in the Eye |url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2020-01-22/ty-article-magazine/.premium/palestinians-paint-murals-in-jerusalem-looking-israeli-occupation-in-the-eye/0000017f-db2f-d3a5-af7f-fbaf87530000 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=22 January 2020}}</ref>]]

A line from Darwish's poem ''Diary of a Palestinian wound'' was incorporated into an art installation in Silwan in East Jerusalem. The installation, ''I Witness Silwan'', was a collaboration between Art Forces, the Madaa-Silwan Creative Center, and the Wadi Hilwa Information Centre.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stokes |first=Joel |title="Silence," Heritage, and Sumud in Silwan, East Jerusalem |journal=Jerusalem Quarterly |date=Autumn 2022 |issue=91 |page=112 |doi=10.70190/jq.I91.p105 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

==== Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity (2008) ==== The Mahmoud Darwish Foundation was established on 4 October 2008 as a Palestinian non-profit foundation that "seeks to safeguard Mahmoud Darwish's cultural, literary and intellectual legacy."<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahmoud Darwish Foundation. |url=http://www.darwishfoundation.org/etemplate.php?id=49 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824191808/http://www.darwishfoundation.org/etemplate.php?id=49 |archive-date=24 August 2013 |access-date=25 July 2013 }}</ref> The foundation administers the annual Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity granted to intellectuals from Palestine and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity |url=http://www.darwishfoundation.org/etemplate.php?id=9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822111426/http://www.darwishfoundation.org/etemplate.php?id=9 |archive-date=22 August 2013 |access-date=25 July 2013 }}</ref>

South African poet and writer Breyten Breytenbach won the prize in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Breyten Breytenbach |website=Helgaard Steyn-Pryse |date=18 October 2020 |url=https://www.helgaardsteynpryse.co.za/eng/breyten-breytenbach/ |access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/africas-breyten-breytenbach-writer-anti-181151924.html|title=S.Africa's Breyten Breytenbach, writer and anti-apartheid activist|author=AFP|publisher=Yahoo News|date=24 November 2024|accessdate=24 November 2024|archive-date=25 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125055436/https://www.yahoo.com/news/africas-breyten-breytenbach-writer-anti-181151924.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2017, Palestinian historian Maher Charif, Egyptian novelist and critic Salwa Bakr, and Indian novelist and activist Arundhati Roy were co-winners of the prize.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/89185| title= Three winners of Mahmoud Darwish prize announced| date= 13 March 2017|quote= ...the winners who included Maher Sharif, a leftist Palestinian historian, Salwa Baker, an Egyptian novelist and critic, and Suzanna Arundhati Roy, an Indian writer and activist.}}</ref>

=== In Israeli society ===

==== "Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words" controversy (1988) ==== In 1988, one of his poems, "Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words", was angrily cited in the Knesset by Yitzhak Shamir. Written during the First Intifada, the poem includes the text: "Live anywhere but do not live among us... and do not die among us".<ref name="Gua" /> It was interpreted by many Jewish Israelis as demanding that they leave the 1948 territories, although Darwish said that he meant the West Bank and Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 April 1988 |title=Palestinian's Poem Unnerves Israelis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/05/world/palestinian-s-poem-unnerves-israelis.html |work=New York Times}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Adel Usta, a specialist on Darwish's poetry, said the poem had been misunderstood and mistranslated.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 August 2008 |title=Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish dies |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/palestinian-poet-mahmoud-darwish-dies-1.709760 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818235529/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/books/story/2008/08/09/darwish-poet-obit.html |archive-date=18 August 2008 |url-status=live |work=CBC |access-date=3 September 2024 }}</ref> Poet and translator Ammiel Alcalay wrote that "the hysterical overreaction to the poem simply serves as a remarkably accurate litmus test of the Israeli psyche ... (the poem) is an adamant refusal to accept the language of the occupation and the terms under which the land is defined."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alcalay |first=Ammiel |date=7 August 1988 |title=Who's Afraid of Mahmoud Darwish? |journal=News from within |volume=IV |issue=8 |pages=14–16}}</ref>

==== On integration into Israel's school curriculum (2000) ==== In March 2000, Yossi Sarid, the Israeli education minister, proposed that two of Darwish's poems be included in the Israeli high school curriculum. Prime Minister Ehud Barak rejected the proposal on the grounds that the time "is not ripe" to teach Darwish in schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2000 |title=Poetry sends Israel into political storm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/668702.stm |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref> It has been suggested that the incident had more to do with internal Israeli politics in trying to damage Prime Minister Ehud Barak's government than with poetry.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sontag |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Sontag |date=14 March 2000 |title=Barak Survives 2 No-Confidence Motions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/14/world/barak-survives-2-no-confidence-motions.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> With the death of Darwish, the debate about including his poetry in the Israeli school curriculum was re-opened in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zion Waldoks |first=Ehud |date=10 August 2008 |title=Should Darwish's poetry be taught in schools? |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218104259194&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204003602/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218104259194&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=4 February 2012 |work=Jerusalem Post}}</ref>

"Although it is now technically possible for Jewish students to study Darwish, his writing is still banned from Arab schools. The curriculum used in Arab education is one agreed in 1981 by a committee whose sole Jewish member vetoed any works he thought might 'create an ill spirit'."<ref>{{cite book |last=Nathan |first=Susan |title=The Other Side of Israel: My Journey Across the Jewish/Arab Divide |date=2005 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday}}</ref>

==== "Identity Card" contrversy (2016) ==== In July 2016 a controversy erupted over the broadcasting of Darwish's poem "Bitaqat hawiyya" ("Identity Card")<ref>{{cite news |last=Eden |first=Vivian |date=21 July 2016 |title=The Mahmoud Darwish Poem That Enraged Lieberman and Regev |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/poem-of-the-week/1.732421 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721092202/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/poem-of-the-week/1.732421 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2016 |work=Haaretz}}</ref> on Israeli radio station Galei Tzahal. Written in 1964, it includes the lines: “Write down on the top of the first page: / I do not hate people / And I do not steal from anyone / But if I starve / I will eat my oppressor’s flesh / Beware, beware of my starving / And my rage."<ref name=":5" />

Israeli defence minister Avigdor Lieberman condemned the broadcast in a statement, stating that "according to this same logic," the radio station could "glorify during a broadcast the literary marvels of ''Mein Kampf".''<ref>{{cite news |last=Booth |first=William |date=22 July 2016 |title=Israel's defense minister compares Palestinian's poetry to Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/07/22/israels-defense-minister-compares-palestinians-poetry-to-hitlers-mein-kampf/ |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |date=23 July 2016 |title=Palestinian poet at heart of row on Israeli army radio broadcast |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/23/israel-palestine-poetry-mahmoud-darwish |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

=== In the Arab world and Europe === thumb|Mahmoud Darwish Portrait.

==== Poetry and musical productions ==== Many of Darwish's poems were set to music by Arab composers, among them Marcel Khalife,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/audio/yusif.mp3 |title=I am Yusuf, oh my father |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823064101/http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/audio/yusif.mp3 |archive-date=23 August 2007 |website=marcelkhalife.com}}</ref> Reem Kelani,<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2008|title='My narrative is that I exist'. Reem Kelani, singer and jazz musician, talks about her music|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/sep/19/reemkelani.ramadannights|access-date=2020-06-10|website=The Guardian|language=en|first=Natalie |last=Hanman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu6amByPGBo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615074318/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mu6amByPGBo&gl=US&hl=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2020|title = – YouTube|website = YouTube}}</ref> Majida El Roumi and Ahmad Qa'abour.<ref name=NYT>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/10/news/obits.php |title=Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet, is dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811165145/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/10/news/obits.php |archive-date=11 August 2008 |work=International Herald Tribune |publisher=New York Times |date=10 August 2008}}</ref> The most notable are "Rita and the Rifle," "I lost a beautiful dream," "Birds of Galilee" and "I Yearn for my Mother's Bread." They have become anthems for at least two generations of Arabs. In the 1980s, Sabreen, a Palestinian music group in the 1948 territories, recorded an album including versions of Darwish's poems "On Man" and "On Wishes."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sabreen.org/smoke_of_the_volcanoes.html|title=Smoke of the volcanoes|publisher=Sabreen|access-date=27 March 2011|archive-date=3 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203162735/http://www.sabreen.org/smoke_of_the_volcanoes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The composer Marcel Khalife was accused of blasphemy and insulting religious values, because of his song entitled "I am Yusuf, oh my father," which he based on Darwish's lyrics, and which cited a verse from the Qur'an.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mahmoud |last=Darwish |url=http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/htmls/darwish1.html |title=In Defence of Freedom and Creativity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211095029/http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/htmls/darwish1.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 |website=marcelkhalife.com}}</ref> In this poem, Darwish shared the pain of ''Yusuf'' (Joseph), who was rejected by his brothers and fear him, because he is too handsome and kind. "Oh my father, I am Yusuf / Oh father, my brothers neither love me nor want me in their midst." Darwish presents the story of Joseph as an allegory for the rejection of the Palestinians by the Israelis.

In 1976, Egyptian-born Palestinian singer Zeinab Shaath adapted his poem "Identity Card" into an English-language song, titled "I Am An Arab," from her EP ''The Urgent Call of Palestine.'' The master copy was seized by Israeli forces during the 1982 invasion of Lebanon, but was recovered and re-issued in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2024 |title=The Protest Song the IDF Tried to Silence |url=https://inthesetimes.com/article/palestine-culture-resistance-music-zeinab-shaath-gaza |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=In These Times |language=en}}</ref>

Israeli-American composer Tamar Muskal incorporated Darwish's "I Am From There" into her composition "The Yellow Wind," which combines a full orchestra, Arabic flute, Arabic and Israeli poetry, and themes from David Grossman's book ''The Yellow Wind.''<ref>{{cite web |first=Felicia R. |last=Lee |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/14/arts/music/14yell.html?scp=28&sq=Mahmoud%20Darwish&st=cse |title=Letting Music Speak of Mideast Pain |work=New York Times |date=14 May 2005}}</ref>

In 2002, Swiss composer Klaus Huber completed a large work entitled "Die Seele muss vom Reittier steigen...", a chamber music concerto for cello, baritone and countertenor that incorporates Darwish's "The Soul Must Descend from its Mount and Walk on its Silken Feet."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Klaus Huber has passed away|url=https://www.ricordi.com/en-US/News/2017/10/Klaus-Huber.aspx|access-date=2020-07-28|website=www.ricordi.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2008, Mohammed Fairouz set selections from ''State of Siege'' to music. In his third symphony ''Poems and Prayers'' of 2012, in addition to the lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish, poems by the Arab poet Fadwa Touqan and the Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai are sounded.<ref name=mohammedopera>{{cite web |author=Moore, Thomas |date=12 September 2010 |url=http://www.operatoday.com/content/2010/09/mohammed_fairou.php |title=Mohammed Fairouz: An Interview |work=Opera Today |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ynyc.org/current-season/past-seasons?gpy=2012&gpm=2|title=Past Seasons |website=Young New Yorkers' Chorus|access-date=2018-07-22|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803204856/https://ynyc.org/current-season/past-seasons?gpy=2012&gpm=2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2009 Egin, a patchanka band from Italy, published a song setting the poem "Identity Card" to music.

In 2011, the Syrian composer Hassan Taha created the musical play "The Dice Player", based on the poems and lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish. Their premiere took place at the experimental Center for Contemporary Music Gare du Nord in Basel, Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|last=Beyer|first=Theresa|url=https://norient.com/stories/hassan-taha|title=In mir brodelt es die ganze Zeit|website=Norient|access-date=1 June 2024 |language=de}}</ref>

In 2014, Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho set Darwish's poem "The Last Train Has Left" (from the collection ''Fewer Roses'') within her work for baritone and orchestra ''True Fire'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=True Fire {{!}} Kaija Saariaho |url=https://www.wisemusicclassical.com/work/52026/True-Fire--Kaija-Saariaho/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.wisemusicclassical.com |language=en}}</ref> "a profound, important work" according to the L.A. Times.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 May 2015 |title=Review: L.A. Philharmonic breathes fire into Saariaho world premiere |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-cm-ca-la-phil-saariaho-world-premier-review-20150516-column.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

Inspired by the attempted suppression of Khalife's composition "I am Yusuf, oh my father," the Norwegian singer-songwriter Moddi composed a fresh melody to the poem. The song is titled "Oh my father, I am Joseph," from his 2015 album ''Unsongs''.

In 2016, his poem "We Were Without a Present" served as the basis for the central song, "Ya Reit" by Palestinian rapper Tamer Nafar in the film "Junction 48".<ref>{{cite web |title=Junction 48 – Sound Track List |url=http://www.filmpressplus.com/wp-content/uploads/dl_docs/JUNCTION%2048-Music_Tracks.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903183052/http://www.filmpressplus.com/wp-content/uploads/dl_docs/JUNCTION%2048-Music_Tracks.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2018 |access-date=3 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Additionally, one of his poems was read as part of Nafar's speech during the Ophir Awards.<ref>{{cite news |last=Anderman |first=Nirit |date=22 September 2016 |title=Palestinian Rapper to Include Darwish Poem in 'Israeli Oscars' Performance |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/palestinian-rapper-to-sing-darwish-poem-at-ophir-awards-1.5441281 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505225324/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/palestinian-rapper-to-sing-darwish-poem-at-ophir-awards-1.5441281 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2018 |work=Haaretz}}</ref>

In 2017, his poem "Think of Others" was set to music by a South African artist and 11-year-old Palestinian youth activist, Janna Jihad Ayyad.

In 2017, British musician Roger Waters set to music an English translation of Darwish's "Lesson From the Kama Sutra (Wait for Her)" on his album ''Is This the Life We Really Want?'' in a song titled "Wait for Her."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sedley|first1=David|last2=AFP|title=Roger Waters' new album features track inspired by Palestinian poet|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/roger-waters-new-album-features-track-inspired-by-palestinian-poet/|access-date=2020-06-10|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>

==== Films and documentaries ==== In 1997, a documentary entitled ''Mahmoud Darwish'' was produced by French TV, directed by French-Moroccan director Simone Bitton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahmouddarwish.com/english/biography.htm|title=Biography|publisher=Official Mahmoud Darwish website|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-date=13 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913082656/http://www.mahmouddarwish.com/english/biography.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Darwish appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's ''Notre Musique'' (2004).

In 2008 Darwish starred in the five-screen film ''id – Identity of the Soul'' from Arts Alliance Productions, in which he narrates his poem "A Soldier Dreams of White Lilies" along with Ibsen's poem "Terje Vigen." ''Id'' was his final performance. It premiered in Palestine in October 2008, with audiences of tens of thousands. In 2010, the film was continuing an international screening tour.

''{{Interlanguage link|In the Presence of Absence|ar|في حضرة الغياب (مسلسل)}}'' (2011), a Syrian television series directed by Najdat Anzour that tells the biography of Darwish<ref>{{Citation |work=ElCinema.com |script-title=ar: مسلسل – في حضرة الغياب |url=https://elcinema.com/work/1620174 |access-date=2023-04-22 |language=ar}}</ref>

==Awards and honours== thumb|Place Mahmoud Darwich at Paris. * Lotus Prize for Literature (1969; from the Afro-Asian Writers' Association)<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Newash |first=Hasan |title=Honoring Mahmoud Darwish {{!}} Solidarity |url=https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/atc/1957.html |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Marxist Internet Archive}}</ref> * Lenin Peace Prize (1983; from the USSR)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reading Eagle - Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19830504&id=tRoiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iKYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3477,4348107 |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=news.google.com}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> * The Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters (1993; from France)<ref>{{Cite web |last=By |title=The Poet of Palestine |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2022/08/mahmoud-darwish-palestine-poetry-literature |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Tribune (magazine) |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alhirthani |first=Mahmoud |date=2024-12-30 |title=Poetry for socio-political justice in Palestine: Mahmoud Darwish’s translation and re-narration of Palestinian–Israeli encounters |url=https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/article/view/794 |journal=Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies |language=en |volume=23 |doi=10.52034/lans-tts.v23i.794 |issn=2295-5739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Grand Cordon of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia (2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=تونس تمنح محمود درويش جائزة الإبداع |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2007/11/9/%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b3-%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%86%d8%ad-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9 |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Al Jazeera |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=درويش يشدو في قرطاج ويحمل على واقع الشعر الحديث |url=https://www.arab48.com/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB/2010/10/31/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB |work=Arab48 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-11 |title=تونس تكرم الشاعر الفلسطيني محمود درويش في ذكري تولي الرئيس بن علي |url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Al Quds Al Arabi |language=ar}}</ref> * The Lannan Foundation Prize for Cultural Freedom (2001)<ref>{{cite web|title=2001 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize awarded to Mahmoud Darwish|url=http://www.lannan.org/cultural-freedom/detail/2001-lannan-cultural-freedom-prize-awarded-to-mahmoud-darwish/|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119075341/http://www.lannan.org/cultural-freedom/detail/2001-lannan-cultural-freedom-prize-awarded-to-mahmoud-darwish/|archive-date=19 November 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cultural Freedom Prize |url=http://www.lannan.org/lf/cf/prize/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827005436/http://www.lannan.org/lf/cf/prize/ |archive-date=27 August 2006 |access-date=8 November 2006 |website=Lannan Foundation }}</ref> * Al Owais Award (2002–2003)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners |url=https://www.alowais.com/en/winner/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Sultan Bin Ali Al Owais Cultural Foundation |language=}}</ref> * Prince Claus Awards (2004)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahmoud Darwish -Awardee |url=https://princeclausfund.nl/awardees/mahmoud-darwish |website=Prince Claus Fund}}</ref> * "Bosnian stećak" (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=A prestigious international poetry prize was awarded in Bosnia to the Kurdish poet Hussein Habasch {{!}} Fekt |url=https://www.fekt.org/a-prestigious-international-poetry-prize-was-awarded-in-bosnia-to-the-kurdish-poet-hussein-habasch/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Golden Wreath of Struga Poetry Evenings (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahmoud Darwish |url=https://www.svp.org.mk/en/poet/mahmoud-darwish |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Struga Poetry Evenings |language=}}</ref> * The International Forum for Arabic Poetry prize (2007)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pack of cards |journal=Al Ahram Weekly |date=February 2007 |issue=833 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/833/pe1.htm |access-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326135534/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/833/pe1.htm |archive-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> * The Argana International Poetry Prize (2008; from Morocco)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2008/Remise-du-Prix-international-de-poesie-Argana_Hommage-posthume-a-feu-Mahmoud-Darwish/100728.html|title=Hommage posthume à feu Mahmoud Darwish|website=Le Matin|date=26 October 2008 |language=fr}}</ref> * Grand Cordon of the Order of Civil Merit of the Syrian Arab Republic{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} * Commander of the National Order of Merit (Algeria){{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}

==Published works==

===Poetry=== * ''Asafir bila ajniha'' (''Wingless birds''), 1960 * ''Awraq Al-Zaytun'' (''Leaves of olives''), 1964 * ''Bitaqat huwiyya'' (''Identity Card''), 1964 * '''Asheeq min filasteen'' (''A lover from Palestine''), 1966 * ''Akhir al-layl'' (''The end of the night''), 1967 * ''Yawmiyyat jurh filastini'' (''Diary of a Palestinian wound''), 1969 * ''Habibati tanhad min nawmiha'' (''My beloved awakens''), 1969 * ''al-Kitabah 'ala dhaw'e al-bonduqiyah'' (''Writing in the light of the gun''), 1970 * ''al-'Asafir tamut fi al-jalil'' (''Birds are Dying in Galilee''), 1970 * ''Mahmoud Darwish works'', 1971. Two volumes * ''Mattar na'em fi kharif ba'eed'' (''Light rain in a distant autumn'') 1971 * ''Uhibbuki aw la uhibbuki'' (''I love you, I love you not''), 1972 * ''Jondiyyun yahlum bi-al-zanabiq al-baidaa'<nowiki/>'' (''A soldier dreaming of white lilies''), 1973 * ''Complete Works'', 1973. Now ''al-A'amal al-jadida'' (2004) and ''al-A'amal al-oula'' (2005). * ''Muhawalah raqm 7'' (''Attempt number 7''), 1974 * ''Tilka suratuha wa-hadha intihar al-ashiq'' (''That's her image, and that's the suicide of her lover''), 1975 * ''Ahmad al-za'tar'', 1976 * ''A'ras'' (''Weddings''), 1977 * ''al-Nasheed al-jasadi'' (''The bodily anthem''), 1980. Joint work * ''The Music of Human Flesh'', Heinemann 1980, Poems of the Palestinian struggle selected and translated by Denys Johnson-Davies * ''Qasidat Bayrut'' (''Ode to Beirut''), 1982 * ''Madih al-zill al-'ali'' (''A eulogy for the tall shadow''), 1983 * ''Hissar li-mada'eh al-bahr'' (''A siege for the sea eulogies''), 1984 * ''Victims of a Map'', 1984. Joint work with Samih al-Qasim and Adonis in English. * ''Hiya ughniyah, hiya ughniyah'' (''It's a song, it's a song''), 1985 * ''Sand and Other Poems'', 1986 * ''Ward aqall'' (''Fewer roses''), 1986 * ''Ma'asat al-narjis, malhat al-fidda'' (''Tragedy of daffodils, comedy of silver''), 1989 * ''Ara ma oreed'' (''I see what I want''), 1990 * ''Ahad 'asher kaukaban'' (''Eleven planets''), 1992 * ''Limadha tarakt al-hissan wahidan'' (''Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone?''), 1995. English translation 2006 by Jeffrey Sacks (Archipelago Books) ({{ISBN|0-9763950-1-0}}) * ''Psalms'', 1995. A selection from ''Uhibbuki aw la uhibbuki'', translation by Ben Bennani * ''Sareer al-ghariba'' (''Bed of a stranger''), 1998 * ''Then Palestine'', 1999 (with Larry Towell, photographer, and Rene Backmann) * ''Jidariyya'' (''Mural''), 2000 * ''The Adam of Two Edens: Selected Poems'', 2000 (Syracuse University Press and Jusoor) (edited by Munir Akash and Carolyn Forche) * ''Halat Hissar'' (''State of siege''), 2002 * ''Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems'', 2003. Translations by Munir Akash, Caroyln Forché and others * ''La ta'tazer 'amma fa'alta'' (''Don't apologize for what you did''), 2004 * ''al-A'amal al-jadida'' (''The new works''), 2004. A selection of Darwish's recent works * ''al-A'amal al-oula'' (''The early works''), 2005. Three volumes, a selection of Darwish's early works * ''Ka-zahr el-lawz aw ab'ad'' (''Almond blossoms and beyond''), 2005 * ''The Butterfly's Burden'', 2007 (Copper Canyon Press) (translation by Fady Joudah)

===Prose=== * ''Shai'on 'an al-wattan'' (''Something about the homeland''), 1971 * ''Youmiat muwaten bala watan'' (''Diary of a Citizen without a Country''), 1971, translated as ''The Palestinian Chalk Circle'' * ''Wada'an ayatuha al-harb, wada'an ayuha al-salaam'' (''Farewell, war, farewell, peace''), 1974 * ''Yawmiyyat al-hozn al-'aadi'' ''(Journal of an ordinary grief)'', 1973. Turkish translation, 2009, by Hakan Özkan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://exoriente.net/?p=114|first=Hakan |last=Özkan |title=Book: Turkish Translation of Mahmoud Darwish's يوميات الحزن العادي|publisher=Exoriente|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426183126/http://exoriente.net/?p=114|archive-date=26 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Dhakirah li-al-nisyan'' (''Memory for Forgetfulness''), 1987. English translation, 1995, by Ibrahim Muhawi * ''Fi wasf halatina'' (''Describing our condition''), 1987 * ''al-Rasa'il'' (''The Letters''), 1990. Joint work with Samih al-Qasim * ''Aabiroon fi kalamen 'aaber'' (''Bypassers in bypassing words''), 1991 * ''Fi hadrat al-ghiyab'' (''In the presence of absence''), 2006. English translation, 2011, by Sinan Antoon<ref>{{Cite web |title=In the Presence of Absence |url=https://archipelagobooks.org/book/in-the-presence-of-absence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260318073250/https://archipelagobooks.org/book/in-the-presence-of-absence/ |archive-date=2026-03-18 |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=Archipelago Books}}</ref> * ''Athar alfarasha'' (''A River Dies of Thirst: journals''), 2009. English translation by Catherine Cobham

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|3}}

==Further reading== * {{EI3|last=Milich|first=Stephan|title=Darwīsh, Maḥmūd|year=2020|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/darwish-mahmud-COM_25899%20encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/darwish-mahmud-COM_25899}} * Miller, Kevin (1975), review of ''Selected Poems'', in ''Calgacus'' 1, Winter 1975, p. 59, {{issn|0307-2029}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Mahmoud Darwish}} {{Wikiquote}} *{{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20160317174742/http://www.mahmoud-darwish.com/}} *[https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/mahmoud-darwish Mahmoud Darwish] at Poetry Foundation *{{Cite web |url=http://www.hawiyatalrouh.com/ |title=IDENTITY of the SOUL |access-date=10 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525115501/http://www.hawiyatalrouh.com/ |archive-date=25 May 2011 |url-status=dead }} *[http://thoughtcatalog.com/2010/mahmound-darwish-if-i-were-another/ Essay on Mahmound Darwish at Thought Catalog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610065359/http://thoughtcatalog.com/2010/mahmound-darwish-if-i-were-another/ |date=10 June 2013 }} *{{Cite web |url=http://geocities.com/SoHo/Cafe/1324/darwish.htm |title=FAQ on Mahmoud Darwish at the Institute for Middle East Understanding |access-date=10 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803210409/http://geocities.com/SoHo/Cafe/1324/darwish.htm |archive-date=3 August 2009 |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=27956 |title=Homage to Mahmoud Darwish |access-date=22 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211145354/http://www.kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=27956 |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead }} Hour-long radio program from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070707212658/http://www.kpfa.org/voicesofthemiddleeast Voices of the Middle East] *{{Cite web |url=http://imeu.net/news/article0014104.shtml |title=Roundtable discussion on Mahmoud Darwish at the Institute for Middle East Understanding |access-date=25 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201161103/http://imeu.net/news/article0014104.shtml |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=dead }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120209154526/http://www.dhfaf.com/poetry.php?name=Poetry&op=lsq&diwid=17 Collection of Darwish poems] * {{Books and Writers |id=darwish |name=Mahmoud Darwish}} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.fencemag.com/v5n1/text/darwish.html |title=Short biography, two poems and one excerpt at ''Fence'' |access-date=27 May 2006 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021001094516/http%3A//www.fencemag.com/v5n1/text/darwish.html |archive-date=1 October 2002 |url-status=dead}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080829121922/http://www.poemhunter.com/mahmoud-darwish/poet-12352/ Five Darwish poems at Poemhunter.com] *{{Cite web |url=http://geocities.com/SoHo/Cafe/1324/darwish.htm |title=Seven Darwish poems at a GeoCities fansite |access-date=10 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803210409/http://geocities.com/SoHo/Cafe/1324/darwish.htm |archive-date=3 August 2009 |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=81 |title=Poem of Darwish in a light projection of artist Jenny Holzer in London |access-date=11 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220014902/http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=81 |archive-date=20 February 2007 |url-status=dead }} *[http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2008/summer/darwish-mist-dense/ Poem by Darwish at the ''Virginia Quarterly Review''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106035717/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2008/summer/darwish-mist-dense/ |date=6 November 2013 }} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.sakakini.org/literature/mdarwish.htm |title=Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre |access-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920231418/http://www.sakakini.org/literature/mdarwish.htm |archive-date=20 September 2008 |url-status=dead }} *{{Cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19183 |title=Poets.org |access-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916183806/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19183 |archive-date=16 September 2008 |url-status=dead }} ''In Jerusalem'' *{{Cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/16585 |title=Poets.org |access-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513132949/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/16585 |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead}} ''I Belong There'' *[https://www.poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2009/07/mahmoud-darwish-i-am-from-there-from.html Poems Found In Translation] another translation of ''I belong there'' *{{YouTube|pbHbX1UdQI8}} Mahmoud Darwish -Abiroun *{{Cite web |url=http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/htmls/lyrics.html |title=Marcel Khalife.com |access-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060524152317/http://www.marcelkhalife.com/httpdocs/htmls/lyrics.html |archive-date=24 May 2006 |url-status=dead}} Oh My Father, I am Yusif *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035923/http://en.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-310/_nr-670/i.html Mahmoud Darwish's Last Volume of Poetry: A Palestinian Throws the Dice] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0Pk7V-8Z3M Mahmoud Darwish – Rita and the Rifle (English Translated with Subtitles)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Darwish, Mahmoud}} Category:1941 births Category:2008 deaths Category:21st-century Palestinian poets Category:Critics of Islamism Category:Palestinian communists Category:Palestinian Muslims Category:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize Category:Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath laureates Category:Palestinian non-fiction writers Category:Palestinian refugees Category:20th-century Palestinian poets Category:Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization Category:Members of the Palestinian National Council Category:Muslim socialists Category:Maki (political party) politicians