{{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} {{for|the historical party|Maki (historical political party)}}{{Infobox political party | name = Communist Party of Israel | native_name = {{lang|he|המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית}}<br />{{lang|ar|الحزب الشيوعي الاسرائيلي}} | logo = Communist Party of Israel Logo.svg | logo_size = | leader1_title = Leadership | leader1_name = Central committee | general_secretary = Adel Amer | foundation = {{start date|1965|9|1|df=y}} (as Rakah) | split = Maki (1948) | dissolution = | headquarters = Nazareth, Tel Aviv | newspaper = {{ubl|class=nowrap | Arabic: ''Al-Ittihad'' | Hebrew: ''Zo HaDerekh'' }} | youth_wing = Young Communist League of Israel | ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap | Communism | Marxism–Leninism | Anti-Zionism }} | position = Far-left | national = Hadash | international = IMCWP | colours = Red | seats1_title = Knesset | seats1 = {{Composition bar|2|120|hex={{party color|Maki (political party)}}}} | blank1_title = Ballot letters | symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|ו}} | website = {{URL|http://maki.org.il/}} | colorcode = {{party color|Maki (political party)}} | country = Israel }} The '''Communist Party of Israel''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|he|המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית|HaMiflaga HaKomunistit HaYisraelit}}|{{langx|ar|الحزب الشيوعي الاسرائيلي|Al-Hizb al-Shuyueiu al-Asrayiyliu}}}}}} commonly known by its Hebrew abbreviation '''Maki''' ({{lang|he|מק״י}}), is a communist political party in Israel that forms part of the Hadash political alliance. It was founded in 1965 as the '''New Communist List''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|he|רשימה קומוניסטית חדשה|Reshima Komunistit Hadasha}}|{{langx|ar|القائمة الشيوعية الجديدة|Al-Qayimat al-Shuyueiat al-Jadida}}}}}} or '''Rakah''' ({{Lang|he|רק״ח}}), by an anti-Zionist faction of the original Maki.
==History== Rakah was formed on 1 September 1965 due to internal disagreements in the original Maki, which was split between a largely Jewish and Zionist faction led by Moshe Sneh that was critical of the Soviet Union's anti-Zionist stance, and a largely Arab faction that was increasingly anti-Zionist.
As a result, the pro-Arab / pro-Soviet faction (including Emile Habibi, Tawfik Toubi and Meir Vilner) left Maki to form a new party, Rakah, which the Soviet Union recognised as the "official" communist party in Israel. Shlomo Sand and Mahmoud Darwish were also Rakah activists.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartal |first=Shaul |date=2015-01-01 |title=Shlomo Sand, The Arabs' Darling |url=https://www.meforum.org/4909/shlomo-sand-the-arabs-darling |journal=Middle East Quarterly |language=en}}</ref>
The Eurocommunist faction, led by Sneh, remained in Maki.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSQgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA182|title=A History of Modern Israel|author=Colin Shindler|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=182|isbn=9781107311213}}</ref> It was reported in the Soviet media that the Mikunis–Sneh group defected to the bourgeois-nationalist camp.<ref>''"Mezhdunarodnaya Zhizn"'', cited in edition ''"Välispanoraam 1972"'', Tallinn, 1973, lk 147 (''Foreign Panorama 1972'')</ref>
The 1965 Israeli legislative election saw Rakah party win three seats, comprehensively beating Maki as it slumped to just one. Rakah's opposition to Zionism and the Six-Day War meant that they were excluded from the national unity governments of the sixth Knesset. In the 1969 Israeli legislative election Rakah again won three seats. During the 1973 Israeli legislative election Rakah saw a rise in support as the party picked up four seats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rakah |url=https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/rakah/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=en.idi.org.il |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Leader of Rakach, Meir Wilner addressing.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Meir Vilner addresses Rakah's 1976 convention]] {{Communist parties}}
Before the 1977 elections the party joined with some other small left-wing and Arab parties, including some members of the Israeli Black Panthers to form Hadash. After the original Maki had disappeared after merging into Ratz in 1981, members of Rakah decided to change the party's name to Maki in 1989.<ref>[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=62 New Communist List (Rakach)] Knesset website</ref> The party remains the leading force in Hadash, and publishes the ''Al-Ittihad'' and ''Zo HaDerekh'' newspapers.
== Ideology and positions == {{Socialism in Israel|Extant parties}}
=== Marxist-Leninist foundations === Maki is an anti-Zionist, Marxist–Leninist communist party.<ref name="ActiveIdentity">{{cite news|date=29 December 2009|title=זהות קולקטיבית פעילה|trans-title=Active collective identity|url=https://maki.org.il/%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94/ |work=Communist Party of Israel |quote=הספרות העיונית-מחקרית על אודות המפלגה הקומוניסטית בארץ אינה רבה. הסיבה לכך – היותה מפלגה קטנה, אופוזיציונית, נרדפת ומושמצת, אנטי-ציונית, שהתנגדה למנדט הבריטי ולמדיניות של ממשלות ישראל.|trans-quote=The theoretical-research literature about the Communist Party in Israel is not much. The reason for this – being a small, oppositional, persecuted and slandered, anti-Zionist party, which opposed the British mandate and the policies of the Israeli governments.}}</ref><ref name="IDI">{{cite news|title=Maki – The Israel Democracy Institute|work=The Israel Democracy Institute|quote=Following the Soviet change of heart regarding Israel in the early 1950s, Maki reverted to the anti-Zionist positions that had characterized it in Mandatory times. From that time onwards, it positioned itself as an anti-establishment party that opposed Israel’s pro-Western alignment, rejected mass-immigration of Jews to Israel, and called for the establishment of a socialist regime and for self-determination for Israeli Arabs.|url=https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/maki/}}</ref> Organizationally, the party operates on the principle of democratic centralism, which it describes as a fusion of central policy execution and inner-party democracy.<ref name="MakiConstitution">{{cite web |title=פרק א' – עקרונות היסוד |trans-title=Chapter 1 – Fundamental Principles |url=https://maki.org.il/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F/chapter-1/ |access-date=10 March 2026 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel |language=he}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Makhoul |first=Issam |date=28 June 2008 |title=עיסאם מח'ול: מק"י יוצאת מוועידתה ה-25 חזקה יותר ומשפיעה יותר |trans-title=Issam Makhoul: Maki emerges from its 25th conference stronger and more influential |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/makhoul/2008/25th_congress_closing.htm |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.marxists.org |language=he}}</ref>
The party defines itself as a revolutionary working-class movement aiming for a transition from capitalism to socialism. According to its constitution, Maki views late capitalism, globalization, and American imperialism as the root causes of global environmental destruction, social injustice, and the erosion of workers' rights.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrows-Friedman |first=Nora |date=2025-10-06 |title=Brief history of the communist movement in Palestine and Israel |url=https://mronline.org/2025/10/06/brief-history-of-the-communist-movement-in-palestine-and-israel/ |access-date=10 March 2026 |website=MR Online |publisher=Monthly Review}}</ref>It envisions socialism not as a static system, but as a dynamically developing, humanistic society featuring working-class rule, social ownership of major production means, democratic economic planning, and political pluralism.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /> While identifying as a Marxist-Leninist party, Maki officially acknowledges both the achievements and the historical failures of the 20th-century communist movement, stating that the party must learn from past mistakes without abandoning the pursuit of fundamental revolutionary change.<ref name="MakiConstitution" />
=== Anti-Zionism and Jewish-Arab partnership === Maki states that it "swims against the current" of both Jewish and Arab nationalism. It officially rejects Zionism, arguing that Zionist ideology and practices generate racism and undermine democracy and equality.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/jewish/zionism-racist.pdf |title=Zionism is it racist?: Two Statements on the UN Resolution |publisher=Committee for a Just Peace in the Middle East |year=1975 |location=New York |pages=8-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Budeiri |first=Musa |date=2023-07-28 |title=A century after its founding, the Israeli Communist Party is at a crossroads |url=https://www.972mag.com/israeli-communist-party-maki-century/ |access-date=10 March 2026 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="MakiFundamental">{{cite web |title=עקרונות יסוד |trans-title=Fundamental Principles |url=https://maki.org.il/%d7%a2%d7%a7%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%93/ |access-date=10 March 2026 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel |language=he}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 December 2018 |title=קומוניסט עומד ושר |trans-title=A communist stands and sings |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/blogs/sadna/2018-12-12/ty-article/0000017f-f8aa-d47e-a37f-f9be77700000 |work=Haaretz |quote=האנטי-ציונות המוצהרת של המפלגה הקומוניסטית |trans-quote=The declared anti-Zionism of the Communist Party}}</ref> The party similarly rejects what it terms "Arab reaction," emphasizing an internationalist, class-based division of society over national divisions.<ref name="MakiFundamental" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Toubi |first=Tawfiq |date=March 1969 |title=MIDDLE EAST:THE PATH TO PEACE |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/labour-monthly/lm-palestine-march-69.pdf |journal=Labour Monthly}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
Maki strives to be a joint Jewish-Arab party. Acknowledging its historical role in shaping the political and cultural identity of the Palestinian Arab minority in Israel, the party's platform also highlights the strategic challenge of achieving a political breakthrough among the Jewish public.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /> To build a broader coalition around these goals, Maki initiated the creation of the Hadash alliance in 1977, aiming to unite various left-wing and environmental groups around an agreed-upon minimum program of peace, social equality, and environmental justice.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref name="MakiFundamental" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Communist Party of Israel |first=Central Committee |date=2 March 1977 |title=Invitation to Discussion of the Formation of Hadash |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10622/COLL00308.1206 |website=Israeli Left Archives}}</ref><ref name="Bulletin77">{{cite journal |date=March–April 1977 |title=The Jewish-Arab Democratic Front for Peace and Equality |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/rakah/cpi-ja-march-april-77.pdf |journal=Jewish Affairs |publisher=CPUSA |issue=March-April 1977 |access-date=2026-03-09 |via=Marxists Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="Burstein">{{cite web |last=Burstein |first=Uzi |title=The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/jewish/burstein.pdf |access-date=2026-03-09 |publisher=Marxists Internet Archive}}</ref>
=== Israeli-Palestinian conflict and foreign policy === Historically, the party states it was the first in Israel to propose a two-state solution.<ref name="MakiFundamental" /> It advocates for a just, comprehensive, and stable Israeli-Palestinian peace centered on ending the Israeli occupation and establishing an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, alongside the State of Israel with West Jerusalem as its capital. It also calls for a resolution to the Palestinian refugee problem in accordance with United Nations resolutions.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref name="MakiFundamental" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=with |first=Interview |title=Ofer Cassif Is Fighting Israeli Extremism From Within the Knesset |url=https://jacobin.com/2021/05/ofer-cassif-knesset-israel-palestine-occupation |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=jacobin.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Touma |first=Emile |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/rakah/touma-palestinian-state.pdf |title=About the Idea of a Palestinian State |date=June 1970 |publisher=New Outlook Publishers |location=New York}}</ref>
Maki advocates for the transformation of Israel into a secular, multiethnic state.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Founding Principles of the Communist Party of Israel |url=https://maki.org.il/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CPI-principles-2.pdf |access-date=4 September 2025 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel |website=maki.org.il}}</ref> In an interview with the American socialist magazine ''Jacobin'' on 17 November 2023, Eli Gozansky, a Jewish member of the party leadership, opined on whether the creation of one binational state was possible:
{{blockquote|In theory yes, but in reality no. For several important reasons: The first is that the Palestinian people want and have the right to independence. Second, mutual disbelief [in the possibility of one binational state] is enormous, certainly even more so after the latest massacres involving the two nations. Third, Israel is much stronger economically, so if the single state is established now, without a phase of independence for the Palestinians, apartheid and Jewish economic control will be perpetuated. In the future, after both countries exist in peace and prosperity, this solution is a possibility.<ref>{{cite web |title=Israeli Communist Leader: The Netanyahu Government Has No Answers |url=https://jacobin.com/2023/11/israeli-communist-party-eli-gozansky-war-hadash-netanyahu |date=17 November 2023 |work=Jacobin}}</ref>}}
Furthermore, the party is staunchly anti-militarist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=USA |first=Tudeh Party of Iran, Communist Party of Israel, Communist Party |date=2026-03-06 |title=Joint Statement of the Communist Parties of Iran (TUDEH), Israel (CPI) and the U.S. (CPUSA) |url=https://cpusa.org/article/joint-statement-of-the-communist-parties-of-iran-tudeh-israel-cpi-and-the-u-s-cpusa/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Communist Party USA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=עיסאם מח'ול: כשלון האופציה הצבאית ותוכנית ההתנתקות של שרון |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/makhoul/2004/sharon_plan.htm |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.marxists.org}}</ref> It supports the right to conscientious objection<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkins |first=C. J. |date=2025-03-25 |title=Refusenik: Israeli Young Communist imprisoned for refusing to serve in Netanyahu’s military |url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/refusenik-israeli-young-communist-imprisoned-for-refusing-to-serve-in-netanyahus-military/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=People's World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Makhoul |first=Issam |title=עיסאם מח'ול: שתי הערות ביציאה מכלא 4 |trans-title=Issam Makhoul: Two Notes on Leaving Prison 4 |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/makhoul/2005/prison_4.htm |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.marxists.org |language=he}}</ref>and calls for the regional disarmament of weapons of mass destruction, urging Israel to sign the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=מול הסכנה של מלחמה גרעינית {{!}} המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית |trans-title=Facing the Danger of Nuclear War {{!}} The Israeli Communist Party |url=https://maki.org.il/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=CPI |language=he-IL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Makhoul |first=Issam |title=עיסאם מח'ול: היתוך הכור האטומי |trans-title=Issam Makhoul: The nuclear reactor meltdown |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/makhoul/2004/nuclear.htm |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.marxists.org |language=he}}</ref>
=== Domestic and social policies === Domestically, Maki's platform calls for the recognition of Arab citizens of Israel as a national minority and demands full civic and national equality, including an egalitarian citizenship law.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /> It actively campaigns for workers' rights, the rights of foreign workers, and the protection of children and youth.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=הדרך" |first=מערכת "זו |date=2021-05-01 |title=אלפים הפגינו במרכז נצרת לציון ה-1 במאי; מפגש בירושלים של פעילי ארגוני עובדים |trans-title=Thousands protest in central Nazareth to mark May Day; labor organization activists meet in Jerusalem |url=https://zoha.org.il/102732/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Zo HaDerekh |language=he-IL}}</ref>
The party also emphasizes intersectional social struggles, advocating for full women's rights and an end to gender-based violence, as well as equality for Mizrahi communities.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref name="MakiFundamental" /><ref name="Bulletin77" /> Maki supports the complete separation of religion and state, advocating for freedom of conscience, the abolition of religious coercion, and the right to freely choose between secular and religious lifestyles.<ref name="MakiConstitution" /><ref name="Bulletin77" /> == Leadership == In accordance with the principle of democratic centralism, the party is collectively led by its Central Committee and Politburo. Within this structure, the highest operational position is the General Secretary (also referred to as the Secretary General). From its formation as Rakah in 1965 until 1990, the party was led by Meir Vilner. In 1990, Tawfik Toubi succeeded him, becoming the party's first Arab General Secretary. Since June 2015, the position has been held by the incumbent General Secretary, Adel Amer.
=== List of General Secretaries === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! No. ! Portrait ! Name ! Term ! Notes |- ! 1 | 75px|Portrait of Meir Vilner | Meir Vilner | 1 September 1965 – 21 May 1990 | Led the party from its split as Rakah (codified during the 15th Congress in 1965) until its renaming to Maki in 1989. Retained leadership until his retirement at the 21st Congress in 1990.<ref name="VilnerKnesset">{{cite web |title=Meir Vilner |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=195 |website=Knesset |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/organizations/maki/1965/15th_congress.pdf |title=הוועידה ה-15 |date=6 August 1965 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel Central Committee |publication-date=1968 |pages=145 |language=he |trans-title=15th Congress}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/organizations/maki/1990/21st_congress.pdf |title=הוועידה ה-21 |date=21 May 1990 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel Central Committee |year= |location=Tel-Aviv |publication-date=1991 |pages=128 |language=he |trans-title=22nd Congress}}</ref> |- ! 2 | 75px|Portrait of Tawfik Toubi | Tawfik Toubi | 21 May 1990 – 28 January 1993 | Succeeded Vilner during the 21st Congress, becoming the first Arab General Secretary of the party. He led until the 22nd Congress.<ref name="ToubiKnesset">{{cite web |title=Tawfik Toubi |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=196 |website=Knesset |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/organizations/maki/1993/22nd_congress.pdf |title=הוועידה ה-22 |date=28 January 1993 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel Central Committee |location=Tel-Aviv |pages=87 |language=he |trans-title=22nd Congress}}</ref> |- ! 3 | 75px|Portrait of Muhammad Nafa' | Mohamed Nafa | 1993 – 2002 | First term. Elected following the 22nd Congress and served until the 24th Congress.<ref name="Nafah2012">{{cite web |title=Mohammed Nafa'h reelected as Secretary General of the Communist Party of Israel |url=https://maki.org.il/en/?p=449 |website=Communist Party of Israel |date=22 April 2012 |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=הוועידה ה-23 |date=June 1997 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel Central Committee |location=Acre |publication-date=1999 |pages=110 |language=he |trans-title=23rd Congress}}</ref> |- ! 4 | 75px|Portrait of Issam Makhoul | Issam Makhoul | 2002 – 2007 | Elected at the 24th Congress in late 2002. Served concurrently as Maki's representative in the Knesset during the beginning of his tenure, stepping down at the 25th Congress.<ref name="MakhoulObit">{{cite web |title=The Communist Party of Israel and Hadash Mourn Comrade Issam Makhoul |url=https://maki.org.il/en/?p=33146 |website=Communist Party of Israel |date=27 December 2025 |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://www.marxists.org/hebrew/organizations/maki/2007/25th_congress.pdf |title=הוועידה ה-25 |date=31 May 2007 |publisher=Communist Party of Israel Central Committee |location=Acre |publication-date=2009 |pages=13,140 |language=he |trans-title=25th Congress}}</ref> |- ! (3) | 75px|Portrait of Muhammad Nafa | Mohamed Nafa | 2007 – June 2015 | Second term. Re-elected at the 25th Congress in 2007, and again during the 26th Congress in 2012.<ref name="Nafah2012"/><ref name=":4" /> |- ! 5 | 100px|Portrait of Adel Amer | Adel Amer | June 2015 – ''Incumbent'' | First elected in June 2015 at the 27th Congress, and subsequently re-elected by the Central Committee following the 28th Congress, and again after the 29th Congress in 2026.<ref name="Amer2015">{{cite web |title=New GS of CPI, Adel Amer: “The Radical Change Our Party Offers is More Relevant than Ever” |url=https://maki.org.il/en/?p=4923 |website=Communist Party of Israel |date=5 July 2015 |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="Amer2021">{{cite web |title=Adel Amer, CPI General Secretary |url=https://maki.org.il/en/?p=29772 |website=Communist Party of Israel |date=9 November 2021 |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-02-15 |title=הסתיימה ועידת מק"י ה-29: המפלגה מתחדשת עם יותר צעירים בהנהגה |trans-title=The 29th Maki Conference has ended: The party is being renewed with more young people in the leadership |url=https://zoha.org.il/143492/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Zo HaDerekh |language=he-IL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=G |first=Y |date=2026-03-07 |title=מזכ"ל מק"י עאדל עאמר: ישראל מנצלת את המלחמה כדי להמשיך לדכא את העם הפלסטיני |trans-title=Maki Secretary General Adel Amer: Israel is exploiting the war to continue oppressing the Palestinian people |url=https://zoha.org.il/143949/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Zo HaDerekh |language=he-IL}}</ref> |}
==Election results== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center !Election !Lead candidate !Votes !% !Position !Seats !+ / – !Status |- !1965 | rowspan="7" |Meir Vilner |27,413 |2.27 |New |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 3 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1969 |38,827 |2.84 |{{increase}} 7th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1973 |53,353 |3.41 |{{increase}} 6th |{{Composition bar|4|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1977 | colspan="2" rowspan="5" align="center" |Part of Hadash |{{increase}} 5th |{{Composition bar|4|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1981 |{{steady}} 5th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{decrease}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1984 |{{steady}} 5th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1988 |{{decrease}} 7th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1992 |Tawfiq Ziad |{{decrease}} 8th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{decrease}} 1 |{{maybe|Support}} |- !1996 |Ahmad Sa'd |align=center colspan=2|Part of Hadash–Balad |{{increase}} 7th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !1999 | rowspan="5" |Mohammad Barakeh |align=center colspan=2|Part of Hadash |{{decrease}} 12th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2003 | colspan="2" align="center" |Part of Hadash–Ta'al |{{increase}} 9th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{decrease}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2006 | colspan="2" rowspan="3" align="center" |Part of Hadash |{{decrease}} 11th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2009 |{{increase}} 9th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2013 |{{decrease}} 10th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2015 | rowspan="6" |Aida Touma-Suleiman |align=center colspan=2|Part of the Joint List |{{increase}} 3rd |{{Composition bar|4|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !April 2019 | colspan="2" align="center" |Part of Hadash–Ta'al |{{decrease}} 5th |{{Composition bar|3|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{decrease}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !September 2019 | colspan="2" rowspan="3" align="center" |Part of the Joint List |{{increase}} 3rd |{{Composition bar|4|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{increase}} 1 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2020 |{{steady}} 3rd |{{Composition bar|4|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2021 |{{decrease}} 10th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{decrease}} 2 |{{no|Opposition}} |- !2022 | colspan="2" |Part of Hadash–Ta'al |{{decrease}} 12th |{{Composition bar|2|120|hex=#C9262B}} |{{steady}} |{{no|Opposition}} |}
==Gallery== {{Gallery | mode = packed | align = center | Rakah1965.png | Logo of Rakah in 1965 | Dan Hadani collection (990044460250205171).jpg | Rakah members in 1969 }}
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Portal|Communism|Israel|Politics}} * {{commons-inline}} * {{Official website|http://maki.org.il/}}
{{Israeli political parties}} {{Middle East communist parties}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Arab political parties in Israel Category:Political parties in Israel Category:Communist parties in Israel Category:Anti-Zionism in Israel Category:Anti-Zionist political parties Category:Political parties established in 1965 Category:1965 establishments in Israel Category:International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties