Maham Anga

{{short description|Foster mother of the Mughal emperor Akbar}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}} {{Infobox person | name = Maham Anga | image = Marriage of Adham Khan, son of Mahan Anga, Akbarnama.jpg | caption = Being seated just below Akbar himself denotes Maham Anga's position in the imperial court | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 25 June 1562<ref>''Ma'asir al-umara'' by Samsam ud Daula, vol. 1, pg. 158, Urdu Science Board, Lahore (2004)</ref> | death_place = Agra, India | burial_place = Adham Khan's Tomb, Delhi | spouse = Nadim Khan{{cn|date=June 2021}} | occupation = | children = Adham Khan<br />Quli Khan }}

'''Maham Anga''' (died 25 June 1562) was the foster mother and chief wet nurse of the Mughal emperor Akbar. She was the political adviser of the teenage emperor and the de facto regent of the Mughal Empire from 1560 to 1562.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Guida M.|title=Women rulers throughout the ages : an illustrated guide|date=1999|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif|isbn=9781576070918|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/237 237]|edition=[2nd rev., expanded and updated ed.].|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/237}}</ref>

==Biography== Maham Anga was Akbar's chief nurse prior to his enthronement at age of thirteen as Mughal emperor in 1556. Her own son, Adham Khan,<ref name="Wade1998">{{cite book|author=Bonnie C. Wade|title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India|url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade|url-access=registration|quote=turki woman married to.|date=20 July 1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-86840-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn0000wade/page/95 95]–}}</ref> as Akbar's foster brother, was almost regarded as one of the imperial family. Maham Anga, believed to be shrewd and ambitious, and very much in charge of the household and harem, sought to advance her own authority and that of her son. In 1559, the two tricked Akbar into coming to India without his regent and guardian Bairam Khan and were able to convince Akbar that now that he was seventeen, he did not need Bairam. Akbar dismissed his regent and sent him on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Months later, Bairam was murdered by an Afghan, and much of the former's power passed on to Maham Anga.

==Death== Adham Khan's violent execution for the murder of Shams-ud-Din Ataga Khan, Akbar's favourite general, at the hands of the young Emperor himself no less, in May 1562, profoundly affected her. She famously commented ''You have done well'' to Akbar when he broke the news to her and died shortly afterwards.

Her tomb and that of her son, known as Adham Khan's Tomb, was built by Akbar, and popularly named ''Bhul-bulaiyan'', owing to the labyrinth in its structure, lies north of the Qutub Minar in Mehrauli.

==Khairul Manazil== She also built a mosque, Khairul Manazil, in 1561 CE along the lines of Mughal architecture. It later served as a ''Madrasah'', and now stands opposite Purana Qila, Delhi on Mathura Road, south east to Sher Shah Gate.<ref>[http://ignca.nic.in/asp/showbig.asp?projid=sd40ssg0001 Sher Shah Gate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114837/http://ignca.nic.in/asp/showbig.asp?projid=sd40ssg0001 |date=4 March 2016 }} IGNCA website.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Driving past Khairul Manzil|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/driving-past-khairul-manzil/451287/0 |publisher=Indian Express |date= 26 April 2009 }}</ref>

It was her slave that tried to assassinate Akbar, after his return from hunting and moving towards Nizamuddin Dargah, but the arrow hit a soldier in his entourage instead, who was hurt, not a lot, and he did not suffer heavy wounds.<ref>[http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01082001/06.htm Masjid Khairul Manazil By Ahmad Rahmani] milligazette. .</ref>

==In popular culture== *Ila Arun portrayed as fictionalized Maham Anga in the Bollywood film ''Jodhaa Akbar'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|title=Who's who in Jodhaa Akbar|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/13slid4.htm|website=rediff.com|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> *A fictionalized Maham Anga was portrayed by Ashwini Kalsekar in Zee TV's fictional drama ''Jodha Akbar''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Coutinho|first1=Natasha|title=It isn't easy to let go: Ashwini Kalsekar|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140923/entertainment-tvmusic/article/it-isn%E2%80%99t-easy-let-go-ashwini-kalsekar|access-date=28 September 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> *Tiya Gandwani portrayed Maham Anga in BIG Magic's 2015 sitcom, ''Hazir Jawab Birbal''. *Jaya Bhattacharya portrayed Maham Anga in Sony TV's historical drama ''Bharat Ka Veer Putra - Maharana Pratap''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maheshwri|first1=Neha|title=Ashwini Kalsekar, Jaya Bhattacharya on playing Maham Anga|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ashwini-Kalsekar-Jaya-Bhattacharya-Maham-Anga-Jodha-Akbar-Bharat-Ka-Veer-Putra-Maharana-Pratap/articleshow/23306201.cms|accessdate=28 September 2017|work=The Times of India|date=1 October 2013}}</ref> *Hetal Yadav portrayed Maham Anga in Akbar Rakht Se Takht Ka Safar in 2017 Indian drama television series tracing Akbar's journey to the Mughal throne.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * ''Mughal Architecture of Delhi : A Study of Mosques and Tombs'' (1556-1627 A.D.), by Praduman K. Sharma, Sundeep, 2001, {{ISBN|81-7574-094-9}}. ''Chapter 4''. * B.V. Bhavan 'The Mughal Empire' (Bombay 1974) ''The Cambridge History of India'' v.4 Abdul Fazl 'Akbarnama' Badauni.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anga, Maham}} Category:1562 deaths Category:Women in Delhi politics Category:Nobility from the Mughal Empire Category:Year of birth unknown

Category:16th-century Indian women politicians Category:16th-century Indian politicians Category:Wet nurses Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people