{{Short description|none}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2008}} This is a '''list of icebreakers''' and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.fma.fi/sivu/www/baltice/jaanmurtajalista.pdf |title=THE WORLD ICEBREAKER AND ICEBREAKING SUPPLY VESSEL FLEET |author=Ilmari Aro |date=17 November 2008 |publisher=Baltic Icebreaking Management |accessdate=7 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195209/http://portal.fma.fi/sivu/www/baltice/jaanmurtajalista.pdf |archivedate=29 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg552/docs/MAJOR%20ICEBREAKERS%20Chart.pdf Major icebreakers of the world]. USCG Office of Waterways and Ocean Policy. {{retrieved | accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref><!-- Help me with this one :) -->
{{dynamic list}}
== Argentina == *{{ship|ARA|General San Martín}} (1954–1982; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=E|id=5128039|shipname=General San Martin|accessdate=13 September 2025}}</ref> *'''{{ship|ARA|Almirante Irízar}}''' (1978–2007, 2017–)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuestromar.org/65516-11-2017/rompehielos-irizar-lleg-al-puerto-buenos-aires-y-formar-parte-campa-ant-rtica|title=El rompehielos Irizar llegó al puerto de Buenos Aires y formará parte de la campaña antártica|language=es|trans-title=The Irizar icebreaker arrived at the port of Buenos Aires and will be part of the Antarctic campaign|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004356/http://www.nuestromar.org/65516-11-2017/rompehielos-irizar-lleg-al-puerto-buenos-aires-y-formar-parte-campa-ant-rtica|archivedate=7 November 2017|website=Fundación Nuestromar |date=4 November 2017|accessdate=4 November 2017}}</ref> *{{ship|ARA|Bahía Paraíso}} (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)<ref>{{cite book | last1=Sweet | first1=Stephen T. | last2=Kennicutt | first2=Mahlon C. | last3=Klein | first3=Andrew G. | title=Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology | chapter=The Grounding of the Bahía Paraíso, Arthur Harbor, Antarctica | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc | publication-place=Hoboken, NJ | date=2015-02-20 | isbn=978-1-118-98998-2 | doi=10.1002/9781118989982.ch23 | pages=547–556}}</ref>
== Australia == * ''Aurora Australis'' (1990–2020; sold to a private company and renamed ''Aurora Dubai'') * '''''Nuyina''''' (2021–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2021/australia-raises-the-flag-on-new-antarctic-icebreaker/|title=Flying the flag over Australia's new icebreaker|website=Australian Antarctic Division|date=20 August 2021|accessdate=11 September 2021}}</ref>
== Austria == * '''''Eisvogel''''' (1955–) * '''''Röthelstein''''' (1995–)
== Azerbaijan == * ''Kapitan A. Radzhabov'' (1992–1999; laid up)<ref>{{csr|register=SEAWEB|id=7406332|shipname=Kapitan A. Radzhabov|accessdate=2017-10-29}}</ref>
== Canada == {{see also|ICE Pact}}
=== Canadian Coast Guard === right|thumb|CCGS ''Louis S. St-Laurent'' in Halifax Harbour
* {{ship|CGS|Northern Light}} (1876–1890; sold) * {{ship|CGS|Stanley}} (1888–1935; broken up) * {{ship|CGS|Minto}} (1899–1915; sold to Russia) * {{ship|CGS|Montcalm}} (1904–1942; sold to Russia) * {{ship|CGS|Earl Grey}} (1909–1914; sold to Russia)<ref name="usque" /> * {{ship|CGS|Mikula}} (1916; 1923–1937; ex-''J.D. Hazen'', ex-''Mikula Seleaninovich''; broken up)<ref name="usque" /> * {{ship|CCGS|Saurel}} (1929–1967; broken up)<ref name="usque">[http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/eng/Ccg/usque_Ship_Details Ships of the CCG 1850–1967] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217114023/http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/eng/CCG/USQUE_Ship_Details |date=2009-12-17 }}. Canadian Coast Guard. {{retrieved | accessdate=2012-11-28}}</ref> * {{ship|CCGS|N.B. McLean}} (1930–1979; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Ernest Lapointe}} (1939–1978; museum ship) * {{ship|CCGS|Edward Cornwallis|1949|6}} (1949–1986; sold to a private company and broken up in 1993) * {{ship|CCGS|C.D. Howe}} (1950–1969; sold to a private company and broken up in 1975) * {{ship|CCGS|D'Iberville}} (1952–1983; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Labrador}} (1954–1987; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Montcalm}} (1957–1988; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Sir William Alexander|1959|6}} (1959–1989; CCGS ''William'' since 1987; sold to a private company and later wrecked in Jamaica) * {{ship|CCGS|Sir Humphrey Gilbert}} (1959–2001; new bow in 1984; sold to a private company) * {{ship|CCGS|Alexander Henry}} (1959–1984; museum ship) * {{ship|CCGS|Camsell}} (1959–1988; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Wolfe}} (1959–1988; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|Tupper}} (1959–1997; sold to a private company) * {{ship|CCGS|John A. Macdonald}} (1960–1991; broken up) * {{ship|CCGS|John Cabot|1965|6}} (1965–1994; sold to a private company and broken up in 2014) * {{ship|CCGS|Norman McLeod Rogers}} (1969–1993; sold to Chile) * '''{{ship|CCGS|Louis S. St-Laurent}}''' (1969–) * '''{{ship|CCGS|Griffon}}''' (1970–) * ''Pierre Radisson'' class ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Pierre Radisson}}''' (1977–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Amundsen}}''' (1979–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Des Groseilliers}}''' (1982–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Henry Larsen}}''' (1987–) * ''Samuel Risley'' class ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Samuel Risley}}''' (1985–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Earl Grey}}''' (1986–) * ''Martha L. Black'' class ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Martha L. Black}}''' (1986–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|George R. Pearkes}}''' (1986–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Sir Wilfrid Laurier}}''' (1986–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Kopit Hopson 1752}}''' (1986–; ex-''Edward Cornwallis'') ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Sir William Alexander}}''' (1987–) ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Ann Harvey}}''' (1987–) * '''{{ship|CCGS|Terry Fox}}''' (1991–; first leased and then acquired from a commercial operator) * Interim icebreakers ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Captain Molly Kool}}''' (2019–; ex-''Vidar Viking'')<ref name="interim" /> ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Jean Goodwill}}''' (2022–; ex-''Balder Viking'')<ref name="interim" /><ref name="interimnames" /> ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Vincent Massey}}''' (2023–; ex-''Tor Viking'')<ref name="interim">{{cite web|title=Canada Acts on Icebreaker Shortage|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/canada-acts-on-icebreaker-shortage|publisher=The Maritime Executive|date=6 July 2018|accessdate=21 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="interimnames">{{cite web|title=SHIPPING NEWS: Halifax's ice-free status nearly on the rocks|url=https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/business/shipping-news-halifaxs-ice-free-status-nearly-on-the-rocks-293455/|work=The Chronicle Herald|date=19 March 2019|accessdate=29 March 2019}}</ref> ** '''{{ship|CCGS|Judy LaMarsh}}''' (2023–; ex-''Mangystau-2'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-coast-guard/news/2021/11/canadian-coast-guard-announces-an-addition-to-the-southern-icebreaking-fleet-with-the-purchase-of-light-icebreaker-from-atlantic-towing-limited.html|title=Canadian Coast Guard announces an addition to the southern icebreaking fleet with the purchase of light icebreaker from Atlantic Towing Limited|publisher=Government of Canada|date=10 November 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canadian-coast-guard-names-light-icebreaker-the-ccgs-judy-lamarsh-821356942.html|title=Canadian Coast Guard names light icebreaker - the CCGS Judy LaMarsh|publisher=Canadian Coast Guard|date=3 October 2022|accessdate=3 October 2022}}</ref> * New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy ** sixteen multi-purpose icebreakers<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seaspan.com/seaspan-shipyards/shipbuilding/multi-purpose-icebreakers/|title=Multi-Purpose Icebreakers|website=Seaspan Shipyards|accessdate=13 September 2025}}</ref> ** six medium-sized "program icebreakers"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/six-new-icebreakers-to-be-built-for-canadian-coast-guard/|title= Six New Icebreakers to be Built for Canadian Coast Guard |publisher=Naval News|date=11 August 2019|accessdate=16 January 2022}}</ref> ** two polar icebreakers *** {{ship|CCGS|Arpatuuq}} (2030– (planned); under construction)<ref name="nameconfirmation">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/acquisitions/defence-marine/national-shipbuilding-strategy/projects/large-vessels/polar-icebreakers.html|title=Polar icebreaker projects|website=Government of Canada|accessdate=7 November 2025}}</ref> *** {{ship|CCGS|Imnaryuaq}} (2032– (planned); under construction)<ref name="nameconfirmation" /> ** two modified ''Harry DeWolf''-class offshore patrol vessels<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/irving-to-receive-58-million-for-minimal-changes-to-new-coast-guard-ships|title= Irving to receive $58 million for 'minimal' changes to new Coast Guard ships |publisher=Ottawa Citizen|date=7 February 2020|accessdate=16 January 2022}}</ref> *** {{ship|CCGS|Donjek}} (2026– (planned); under construction)<ref name="ccg_aops_names">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-coast-guard/news/2026/04/canadian-coast-guard-launches-its-first-of-two-arctic-and-offshore-patrol-ships-ccgs-donjek.html|title=Canadian Coast Guard Launches its first of two Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships, CCGS Donjek|website=Government of Canada|publisher=Canadian Coast Guard|date=29 April 2026|accessdate=29 April 2026}}</ref> *** {{ship|CCGS|Sermilik}} (2027– (planned); under construction)<ref name="ccg_aops_names" />
=== Royal Canadian Navy === * {{ship|HMCS|Labrador}} (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard) * ''Harry DeWolf''-class offshore patrol vessel **'''{{HMCS|Harry DeWolf}}''' (2021–)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melanson |first=Ryan |publisher=Government of Canada |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |title=HMCS Harry DeWolf: RCN to commission first new ship in over two decades|url=http://www.navy-marine.forces.gc.ca/en/news-operations/news-view.page?doc=hmcs-harry-dewolf-rcn-to-commission-first-new-ship-in-over-two-decades/koej1iai }}</ref> **'''{{HMCS|Margaret Brooke}}''' (2022–)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=15 July 2021|title=Irving Shipbuilding delivers second Arctic patrol warship to Royal Canadian Navy|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/irving-shipbuilding-delivers-second-arctic-patrol-warship-to-royal-canadian-navy/|access-date=20 July 2021|website=CTV News}}</ref> **'''{{HMCS|Max Bernays}}''' (2024–)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defence |first=National |date=2024-05-03 |title=HMCS Max Bernays Commissioned today in Vancouver, B.C. |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2024/05/hmcs-max-bernays-commissioned-today-in-vancouver-bc.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> **'''{{HMCS|William Hall}}''' (2024–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2024/05/hmcs-william-hall-commissioned-into-service-in-halifax-ns.html|title=HMCS William Hall Commissioned into Service in Halifax, N.S.|website=Government of Canada|date=16 May 2024|accessdate=16 May 2024}}</ref> **'''{{HMCS|Frédérick Rolette}}''' (2025–)<ref name="Rolette commissioned">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2025/06/his-majestys-canadian-ship-frederick-rolette-commissioned-into-service.html |title=His Majesty's Canadian Ship Frédérick Rolette Commissioned into Service| website=canada.ca |access-date=13 June 2025}}</ref> **{{HMCS|Robert Hampton Gray}} (2026– (planned); delivered)
=== Commercial === * ''Canmar Kigoriak'' (1979–2003; sold to Russia) * ''Robert LeMeur'' (1982–1997; sold to China) * ''Terry Fox'' (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard) * ''Arctic Kalvik'' (1983–2003; sold to Russia) * ''Ikaluk'' (1983–1998; ''Canmar Ikaluk'' since 1995; sold to Russia) * ''Miscaroo'' (1983–1998; ''Canmar Miscaroo'' since 1995; sold to Russia) * ''Arctic Ivik'' (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel ''Geco Snapper'') * ''Polar S'' (2000–2022; ex-''Njord'', ex-''Polar Star''; broken up) * '''''Polar Prince''''' (2000–; ex-CCGS ''Sir Humphrey Gilbert'') * ''Arcticaborg'' (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)
== China ==
=== State Oceanic Administration ===
==== Polar Research Institute of China ==== * '''''Xuě Lóng''''' (雪龙; "Snow Dragon") (1993–) * '''''Xuě Lóng 2''''' (雪龙2; "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arctictoday.com/chinese-icebreaker-sails-to-north-pole-explores-remote-arctic-ridge/|title=Chinese icebreaker sails to North Pole, explores remote Arctic ridge|publisher=Arctic Today|date=12 August 2021|accessdate=16 October 2021}}</ref>
==== North Sea Branch ==== * '''''Ji Di''''' (极地; "Polar") (2024–)<ref>{{csr|register=SEAWEB|id=9970351|shipname=GUANGZHOU 21110077|accessdate=29 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.now.com/home/international/player?newsId=544585|title=中國完全自主研製破冰科考船「極地號」料明年下半年執行任務|language=zh|date=29 December 2023|accessdate=29 December 2023}}</ref>
=== People's Liberation Army Navy === * Type 071 icebreaker ** ''Haibing 722'' (海冰722; "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; ex-''C722'', ex-''Haibing 101''; in reserve) ** ''Haibing 721'' (海冰721; "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; ex-''C721'', ex-''Haibing 102''; transferred to the China Coast Guard) * Type 210 icebreaker ** ''Haibing 723'' (海冰723; "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; ex-''C723''; transferred to the China Marine Surveillance) * Type 272 icebreaker ** '''''Haibing 722''''' (海冰722; "Sea Ice 722") (2016–) ** '''''Haibing 723''''' (海冰723; "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)
=== China Marine Surveillance === * ''Haijian 111'' (海监111; "Marine Surveillance 111") (2012–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
=== China Coast Guard === * '''''Donghai 519''''' (东海519; "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-''Haibing 721'', ex-''C721'', ex-''Haibing 102'') * '''''Haijing 6401''''' (海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-''Haijing 1411'', ex-''Haijian 111'', ex-''Haibing 723'') <!-- the naming conventions of the China Coast Guard ships are rather unclear; this one seems to have only pennant number on the hull; need to dig more info -->
=== Sun Yat-sen University === * '''''Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di''''' (中山大学极地; "Sun Yat-sen University Polar") (2021–; ex-''Beijing Ocean Leader'', ex-''Ikaluk'', ex-''Smit Sibu'', ex-''Canmar Ikaluk'')
=== Chinese Academy of Sciences === * '''''Tan Suo San Hao''''' (探索三号; "Discovery Three") (2024–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202412/26/WS676d070ea310f1265a1d51ab.html|title=China delivers independently-developed deep-sea scientific research, archaeological vessel|website=China Daily|date=26 December 2024|access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref>
=== Other === * ''Bin Hai 293'' (滨海293; "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-''Robert LeMeur''; broken up)<ref name="robindesbois4-2016">[http://www.robindesbois.org/wp-content/uploads/shipbreaking46.pdf Shipbreaking Bulletin of information and analysis on ship demolition #46, from October 1 to December 31, 2016]. Robin Des Bois, 31 January 2017. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-02-12}}</ref> * ''Beijing Ocean Leader'' (北京号破冰船) (2018–2021; ex-''Ikaluk'', ex-''Smit Sibu'', ex-''Canmar Ikaluk''; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)
== Chile ==
=== Chilean Navy === * ''Piloto Pardo'' (1959–1997; sold to a private company)<ref>[http://www.palmerstation.com/history/7585/simpson.html Chilean submarine Simpson calls at Palmer Station]. Palmer Station. {{retrieved|accessdate=2017-07-16}}</ref> * ''Almirante Óscar Viel'' (1995–2019; ex-''Norman McLeod Rogers''; decommissioned and later sunk as target)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armada.cl/noticias-navales/rompehielos-oscar-viel-se-despide-tras-navegar-lo-equivalente-a-casi|title=Rompehielos "Óscar Viel" se despide tras navegar lo equivalente a casi 20 vueltas al mundo|website=Armada de Chile|date=11 February 2019|accessdate=25 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|user=seawaves_mag|number=1440355561665560588|title=USS Mustin joined Chilean warships Almirante Cochrane, Capitan Prat, Almirante Reveros and Almirante Montt in a SINKEX of icebreaker Admiral Óscar Viel (ex-CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers) during Teamwork South 13-18 Sep. @CoastGuardCAN}}</ref> * '''''Almirante Viel''''' (2024–)<ref name="chileangov_jul2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.gob.cl/noticias/primer-buque-rompehielos-construido-sudamerica-almirante-viel-soberania-antartica/|title=Es chileno: Así es el primer buque rompehielos construido en Sudamérica|website=GobiernodeChile|date=3 July 2024|accessdate=5 July 2024}}</ref>
== Denmark == [[Image:Ice breakers Danbjørn, Isbjørn and Thorbjørn in Frederikshavn.jpg|thumb|''Danbjørn'', ''Isbjørn'' and ''Thorbjørn'' moored at Frederikshavn]] * ''Bryderen'' (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960) * ''Isbjørn'' (1923–1965)<ref name="danishib">[http://www.e-pages.dk/mmf/57/40 Mens vi venter på isen]. Maskinmesteren Februar 2009, page 36. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-10-12}}</ref> * ''Lillebjørn'' (1926–1968)<ref name="danishib" /> * ''Storebjørn'' (1931–1974; broken up)<ref name="danishib" /> * ''Elbjørn'' (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv2nord.dk/artikel/vi-oedelaegger-vores-maritime-kulturarv|title=Tidligere Elbjørn-ejer: Vi ødelægger vores maritime kulturarv|language=da|publisher=TV2 Nord|date=6 May 2019|accessdate=18 August 2019}}</ref> * ''Danbjørn'' (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)<ref name="sale">{{cite web|url=https://www.tv2nord.dk/aalborg/isbrydere-blev-kaldt-oejebae-nu-er-koeberen-afsloeret|title=Isbrydere blev kaldt 'øjebæ': Nu er køberen afsløret|language=da|publisher=TV2 Nord|date=7 August 2023|accessdate=7 August 2023}}</ref> * ''Isbjørn'' (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)<ref name="sale" /> * ''Thorbjørn'' (1980–2015; sold to a private company)<ref>[http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/nordjylland/statslig-isbryder-solgt-bliver-i-danmark Statslig isbryder solgt – bliver i Danmark]. Nordjylland, 8 September 2015. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-07-02}}</ref> {{-}}
== Estonia ==
===Estonian Maritime Museum=== * ''Suur Tõll'' (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)
===Estonian Maritime Administration=== * '''''Tarmo''''' (1993–; purchased from Finland) * '''''EVA 316''''' (1995–; ex-''Lonna''; purchased from Finland and converted for icebreaking)
===Port of Tallinn=== * ''Karu'' (1988–2002; ex-''Karhu'', ex-''Kapitan Chubakov''; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia) * '''''Botnica''''' (2012–; purchased from Finland)
== Finland == {{see also|ICE Pact}}
=== State-owned icebreakers ===
==== Steam-powered ==== thumb|right|Steam-powered icebreakers ''Tarmo'' and ''Jääkarhu'' * ''Murtaja'' (1890–1958; broken up) * ''Sampo'' (1898–1960; broken up) * ''Apu'' (1899–1959; broken up) * ''Tarmo'' (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992) * ''Wäinämöinen'' (1918–1922; ex-''Volynets''; captured from Russia and handed over to Estonia) * ''Ilmarinen'' (1918–1922; ex-''Silatch''; captured from Russia and handed over to the Soviet Union) * ''Voima'' (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations) * ''Jääkarhu'' (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations)
==== Diesel-electric ==== [[Image:Jäänmurtajia Katajanokan laiturissa.jpg|thumb|Six modern Finnish icebreakers docked for the summer season at Katajanokka, Helsinki]] [[File:Finnish icebreaker Polaris (24 March 2017).jpg|thumb|right|Polaris was completed in the 2010s]] * ''Sisu'' (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy) * '''''Voima''''' (1954–) * ''Karhu'' class ** ''Karhu'' (1958–1986; sold to Estonia) ** ''Murtaja'' (1959–1986; broken up) ** ''Sampo'' (1961–1987; sold to the city of Kemi) * ''Tarmo'' class ** ''Tarmo'' (1963–1993; sold to Estonia) ** ''Varma'' (1968–1994; sold to Latvia) ** ''Apu'' (1970–2006; sold to Russia) * ''Hanse'' (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia) * ''Urho'' class ** '''''Urho''''' (1975–) ** '''''Sisu''''' (1976–) * ''Otso'' class ** '''''Otso''''' (1986–) ** '''''Kontio''''' (1987–) * Multipurpose icebreakers ** '''''Fennica''''' (1993–) ** '''''Nordica''''' (1994–) ** ''Botnica'' (1998–2012; sold to Estonia) * '''''Polaris''''' (2016–) * A new icebreaker is expected to enter service in 2029.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/44de842f-9834-4e2c-b8c0-8d09c3a85b3c|title=Suomelle uusi jäänmurtaja|language=fi|website=Iltalehti|date=3 July 2025|accessdate=25 October 2025}}</ref>
=== Finnish Environment Institute === * ''Aranda'' (1953–1989; sold) * '''''Aranda''''' (1989–)
=== Finnish Navy === [[File:Finnish multipurpose vessel Louhi (1999).jpg|thumb|right|Louhi was completed in the 2010s]] * ''Louhi'' (1975–1986; ex-''Sisu''; broken up) * '''''Louhi''''' (2011–)
=== Alfons Håkans ===
* '''''Zeus of Finland''''' (1995–; ex-''Zeus'') * ''Thetis'' (2016–2023; ex-''Storm Express'', ex-''Maersk Shipper'', ex-''Maersk Placentia'', ex-''Placentia Bay''; sold to Russia)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ts.fi/uutiset/6075472|title=Turkulaisvarustamon Kiinaan myymä alus matkaa Istanbuliin: "Kaupassa ei ole venäläisiä osapuolia"|language=fi|publisher=Turun Sanomat|date=15 August 2023|accessdate=16 August 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
=== City of Kemi === * '''''Sampo''''' (1987–)
=== City of Helsinki === * ''Otso'' (1936–1970s; sold) * ''Turso'' (1944–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations) * ''Teuvo'' (1975–1985; sold and later converted to pusher tug)
== France ==
=== French Navy === * '''''L'Astrolabe''''' (2017–)<ref>[http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/la-construction-de-lastrolabe-debute La construction de l'Astrolabe a débuté]. Mer et Marine, 6 January 2016. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-02-07}}</ref>
=== Compagnie du Ponant === * '''''Le Commandant Charcot''''' (2021–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vard.com/articles/le-commandant-charcot-delivered|title=Le Commandant Charcot delivered|accessdate=3 August 2021|date=3 August 2021|publisher=Vard Group AS}}</ref>
=== Other === * ''L'Astrolabe'' (1988–2017; ex-''Austral Fish'', ex-''Fort Resolution''; decommissioned and sold to a private company)
== Germany == {{See also|Icebreakers of Germany}} === Historical === * ''Elbe'' (1911–??; museum ship) * ''Hindenburg'' (1916–1918; sunk by mine) * ''Stettin'' (1933–1981; museum ship) * ''Wal'' (1938–1990; museum ship) * ''Castor'' (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union) * ''Eisvogel'' (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union) * ''Eisbär'' (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union) * ''Pollux'' (1943–1945; sunk by mine)
=== Alfred-Wegener-Institut === * '''''Polarstern''''' (1982–) * New icebreaking polar research vessel ''Polarstern II'' is expected to enter service in 2030.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.awi.de/ueber-uns/service/presse/presse-detailansicht/polarstern-neubau-auftrag-fuer-deutschen-forschungseisbrecher-vergeben.html|title=Polarstern-Neubau: Auftrag für deutschen Forschungseisbrecher vergeben|date=19 December 2024|accessdate=19 December 2024|website=Alfred-Wegener-Institut|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Polarstern II: German Bundestag greenlights the construction of new icebreaker| website=AWI | date=2022-06-03 | url=https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/service/press/single-view/polarstern-ii-der-startschuss-fuer-den-neubau-ist-gefallen.html | access-date=2025-10-16}}</ref>
=== Other=== * {{sclass|Eisvogel|icebreaker|4}} ** ''Eisvogel'' (1961–2006; sold) ** ''Eisbär'' (1961–1997; sold) * ''Max Waldeck'' (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981) * ''Stephan Jantzen'' (1967–2005; museum ship)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technische-flotte-rostock.de/unsere-flotte/des-stephan-jantzen/|title=DES Stephan Jantzen|website=Technische Flotte Rostock|access-date=2018-12-08}}</ref> * '''''Neuwerk''''' (1997–) * '''''Arkona''''' (2004–)
== Italy == * '''''Laura Bassi''''' (2019–; ex-RRS ''Ernest Shackleton''; purchases from the United Kingdom)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.triesteallnews.it/2019/05/11/ogs-una-nuova-nave-per-la-ricerca-verso-i-ghiacci-con-la-ernest-shackleton/|title=OGS, una nuova nave per la ricerca. Verso i ghiacci con la "Ernest Shackleton"|language=it|work=Triesteall News|date=11 May 2019|accessdate=14 May 2019}}</ref>
== Japan == === Tatsunan Kisen Co. === *''Tenryō Maru''-class (ice-strengthened cargo/transport) **''Tenryō Maru'' (1938-1941; taken by the Army) **''Minryō Maru'' (1938-1941; taken by the Army) **''Chiryō Maru'' (1938–1940; taken by the Navy as Sōya, now a museum ship)
=== Imperial Japanese Navy === *''Ōtomari'' (1921–1945; broken up) *''Tenryō Maru''-class (ice-strengthened cargo/transport) **''Sōya'' (1940–1945; transferred to the Japan government and later the coast guards; now a museum ship)
=== Imperial Japanese Army === *''Tenryō Maru''-class (ice-strengthened cargo/transport) **''Tenryō Maru'' (1941-1945) **''Minryō Maru'' (1941-1945) *{{ship|Japanese landing craft carrier|Takatsu Maru||2}} (1944-1944; landing craft carrier with icebreaker capability)
=== Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force === *''Fuji'' (1965–1985; museum ship) *''Shirase'' (1981–2008; sold to a private company) *'''''Shirase''''' (2008–)
=== Japan Coast Guard === *''Sōya'' (PL107) (1945–1978; museum ship) *''Sōya'' (PHL01) (1978–2025)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20251112/p2g/00m/0na/031000c|title=Japan's oldest active patrol vessel retires after storied service|website=The Mainichi|date=12 November 2025|accessdate=12 November 2025}}</ref> *'''''Teshio''''' (PM 15) (1995–) *'''''Sōya''''' (PHL01) (2025–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trafficnews.jp/post/134818|title=現用船ボロボロで海上保安庁が熱望！ ヘリ搭載OKな「砕氷巡視船」ようやく進水 就役はいつ？|language=ja|trans-title=With current ships in disrepair, the Japan Coast Guard is eager to add a helicopter-equipped "icebreaking patrol vessel" to its fleet. When will it be commissioned?|website=Traffic News|date=8 September 2024|accessdate=12 November 2025}}</ref>
=== Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology === * ''Mirai II'' (2027– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jamstec.go.jp/parv/e/|title=Stay up-to-date with the Arctic Research Vessel|website=JAMSTEC|accessdate=19 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2024022200488/|title=Japan's First Arctic Research Vessel to Be Named "Mirai II"|website=Nippon.com|date=22 February 2024|accessdate=23 February 2024}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
== Kazakhstan == The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields: * ''Arcticaborg'' (1998–2018; transferred to Canada) * ''Antarcticaborg'' (1998–2019; sold to Russia) * '''''Tulpar''''' (2002–) * ''Mangystau''-class icebreaking tugs ** ''Mangystau-1'' (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag) ** ''Mangystau-2'' (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag) ** '''''Mangystau-3''''' (2011–) ** '''''Mangystau-4''''' (2011–) ** '''''Mangystau-5''''' (2011–)
=== Kazakhstani Coast Guard === * '''''Kazhymukan''''' (2016–)
=== Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan === * '''''Ledokol-2''''' (1984–)
== Latvia == *''Krišjānis Valdemārs'' (1925–1941; sunk) *'''''Varma''''' (1994–)<ref>[https://rbflote.lv/en/icebreakers/varma/ Icebreakers: Varma]. Freeport of Riga. {{retrieved|accessdate=2017-06-02}}</ref> *''Foros'' (2013–2024; ex-''Fobos''; sold to Russia)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bb.lv/statja/ekonomika/2024/04/22/chem-kolot-led-budem-rizhskiy-port-prodal-estoncam-latviyskiy-ledokol-foros|language=ru|title=Чем колоть лед будем? Рижский порт продал эстонцам латвийский ледокол «Форос»|website=BB.lv|date=23 April 2024|accessdate=23 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zinas.tv3.lv/ekonomika/rigas-brivostai-beidzot-izdevies-pardot-ledlauzi-foto-igauniem-par-miljonu-eiro/|title=Rīgas brīvostai beidzot izdevies pārdot ledlauzi "Foros" – igauņiem par miljonu eiro|language=lv|website=TV3.lv|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=23 April 2024}}</ref>
== Netherlands ==
===Greenpeace=== * '''''Arctic Sunrise''''' (1995–)
===Other=== * ''Nabil'' (2022–; completed but not delivered to Russia due to sanctions)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2022/03/03/sanctions-stop-niestern-sander-from-delivering-new-ice-breaking-w2w-vessel/|title=Sanctions stop Niestern Sander from delivering new ice-breaking W2W vessel|publisher=SWZ Maritime|date=3 March 2022|accessdate=23 November 2022}}</ref>
== Norway ==
=== Norwegian Coast Guard === * '''NoCGV ''Svalbard''''' (2001–)
=== Norwegian Polar Institute === * '''''Kronprins Haakon''''' (2018–)
=== Other === * ''Norhope'' (1970–1973; ex-''Göta Lejon''; broken up in 1974) * ''Polar Circle'' (2022–2024; sold to Sweden)<ref name="sma_pc">{{cite web|url=https://www.sjofartsverket.se/sv/om-sjofartsverket/nyheter-och-press/nyheter/sjofartsverket-koper-norsk-isbrytare/|title=Sjöfartsverket köper norsk isbrytare|language=sv|website=Sjöfartsverket|date=25 March 2024|accessdate=25 March 2024}}</ref>
== Poland == *'''''Kuna''''' (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world) * ''Perkun'' (1963–1993; broken up)
== Russia == === Icebreakers === {{main|Icebreakers of Russia}}
The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either Russian governmental or commercial entities.
==== Nuclear-powered icebreakers ==== [[File:С вертолета-3.JPG|thumb|Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker {{ship||Yamal|icebreaker|2}}]] The following ships are nuclear-powered icebreakers; * {{ship||Lenin|nuclear icebreaker|2}} (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk) * {{sclass|Arktika|icebreaker|4}} ** {{ship||Arktika|1972 nuclear icebreaker|2}} (1975–2008; ex-''Leonid Brezhnev'', ex-''Arktika''; decommissioned)<ref name="sibir_scrap">[http://bellona.org/news/nuclear-issues/nuclear-russia/2016-11-russia-prepared-to-dismantle-first-nuclear-icebreaker-ever Russia prepares to dismantle first nuclear icebreaker ever]. Bellona, 14 November 2016. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-11-16}}</ref> ** {{ship||Sibir|1977 nuclear icebreaker|2}} (1977–1992; decommissioned)<ref name="sibir_scrap" /> ** {{ship||Rossiya|1983 icebreaker|2}} (1985–2013; decommissioned)<ref name="sibir_scrap" /><ref>[http://bellona.org/news/arctic/russian-nuclear-icebreakers-fleet/2013-04-russian-nuclear-icebreaker-rossiya-taking-last-voyage-along-norways-coast Russian nuclear icebreaker Rossiya taking last voyage along Norway’s coast]. Bellona, 11 April 2013. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-11-16}}</ref> ** {{ship||Sovetskiy Soyuz|icebreaker|2}} (1990–2014; decommissioned)<ref>[http://archive.rosatom.ru/en/areas_of_activity/non_energy_businesses/nuclear_icebreakers/ Northern Sea Route]. Rosatom. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-12-20}}</ref><ref>[https://life.ru/t/%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F/948999/rosatomflot_nachal_protsiess_utilizatsii_atomnykh_liedokolov "Росатомфлот" начал процесс утилизации атомных ледоколов]. ''Life'', 19 December 2016. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-12-20}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Yamal|icebreaker|2}}''' (1992–) ** '''{{ship||50 Let Pobedy}}''' (2007–) * ''Taymyr'' class ** '''{{ship||Taymyr|1987 icebreaker|2}}''' (1989–) ** '''{{ship||Vaygach|nuclear icebreaker|2}}''' (1990–) * Project 22220 ** '''{{ship||Arktika|2016 icebreaker|2}}''' (2020–)<ref name="sudostroenie_21oct2020">{{cite web|title=На ледоколе "Арктика" поднят российский флаг|language=ru|url=http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/31504.html|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|date=21 October 2020|accessdate=21 October 2020}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Sibir|2017 icebreaker|2}}''' (2021–)<ref name="delivery_sibir">{{cite web|url=https://en.portnews.ru/news/323194/|title=Baltiysky Zavod shipyard delivers Sibir, first serial icebreaker of Project 22220, to Atomflot|publisher=PortNews|date=24 December 2021|accessdate=24 December 2021}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Ural|icebreaker|2}}''' (2022–)<ref name="delivery_ural">{{cite web|url=https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/37897.html|title=На ледоколе "Урал" прошла церемония поднятия флага|language=ru|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|date=22 November 2022|accessdate=22 November 2022}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Yakutiya|icebreaker|2}}''' (2025–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spb.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2025/12/02/1160067-baltiiskii-zavod-yakutii|title=Балтийский завод заплатит 46 млн руб. за задержку сдачи «Якутии»|language=ru|trans-title=The Baltic Shipyard will pay 46 million rubles for the delayed delivery of the Yakutia|website=Vedomosti|date=3 December 2025|accessdate=19 December 2025}}</ref> ** {{ship||Chukotka|icebreaker|2}} (2026– (planned); under construction)<ref name="keel_5th">{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/306350/|title=Балтзавод заложил атомоход проекта 22220 "Чукотка"|language=ru|publisher=PortNews|date=16 December 2020|accessdate=16 December 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Leningrad|2028 icebreaker|2}} (2028– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paluba.media/news/67897|title=Пятый серийный атомный ледокол проекта 22220 получит название «Ленинград»|language=ru|website=Media Paluba|date=19 January 2024|accessdate=19 January 2024}}</ref> ** {{ship||Stalingrad|icebreaker|2}} (2030– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://neftegaz.ru/news/Suda-i-sudostroenie/888245-na-baltiyskom-zavode-nachata-rezka-metalla-dlya-universalnogo-atomnogo-ledokola-stalingrad-proekta-2/|title=На Балтийском заводе начата резка металла для универсального атомного ледокола Сталинград проекта 22220|trans-title=Metal cutting for the universal nuclear icebreaker Stalingrad of Project 22220 has begun at the Baltic Shipyard|website=Neftegaz.ru|date=7 May 2025|accessdate=7 May 2025|language=ru}}</ref> * Project 10510 ** {{ship||Rossiya|2030 icebreaker|2}} (2030– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6713099|title=Срок выпуска атомного ледокола «Россия» сдвинули на 2030 год|language=ru|trans-title=The release date of the nuclear-powered icebreaker Rossiya has been pushed back to 2030|website=Kommersant|date=20 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}</ref>
==== Diesel-powered icebreakers ==== <!-- Check transliteration from RMRS; check owner and sort by that... --> thumb|Icebreaker {{ship||Kapitan Khlebnikov}} in Vladivostok The following ships are/were fitted with diesel engines for powering their propulsion; * {{sclass2|Wind|icebreaker|4}} ** ''Severny Veter'' (1944–1951; ex-USCGC ''Staten Island''; returned to the United States) ** ''Severniy Polyus'' (1945–1951; ex-USS ''Westwind''; returned to the United States) ** ''Admiral Makarov'' (1945–1949; ex-USCGC ''Southwind''; returned to the United States) * ''Kapitan Belousov'' class ** {{ship||Kapitan Belousov}} (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)<ref name="belousov">{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/18782/|title=Капитан Белоусов|language=ru|trans-title=Kapitan Belousov|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=13 September 2025}}</ref> ** {{ship||Kapitan Voronin}} (1955–1996; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5181689|shipname=Kapitan Voronin|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> ** {{ship||Kapitan Melekhov}} (1956–1994; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5181639|shipname=Kapitan Meheklov|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Moskva'' class ** {{ship||Moskva|1959 icebreaker|2}} (1959–1998; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5242495|shipname=Moskva|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> ** {{ship||Leningrad|1959 icebreaker|2}} (1960–1993; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5206104|shipname=Leningrad|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> ** {{ship||Kiev|icebreaker|2}} (1965–1993; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=6424040|shipname=Kiev|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> ** {{ship||Murmansk|1968 icebreaker|2}} (1968–1995; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=6723678|shipname=Murmansk|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> ** {{ship||Vladivostok|1969 icebreaker|2}} (1969–1997; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=6822786|shipname=Vladivostok|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * Civilian variants of {{sclass|Dobrynya Nikitich|icebreaker|4}} (Project 97A) ** {{ship||Vasiliy Pronchishchev|icebreaker|2}} (1961–1989; ex-''Ledokol-1''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16159/|title=Василий Прончищев|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Afanasy Nikitin|icebreaker|2}} (1962–1992; ex-''Ledokol-2''; passed over to Ukraine)<ref name="afanasy">{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16160/|title=Афанасий Никитин|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Khariton Laptev|icebreaker|2}} (1962–1996; ex-''Ledokol-3''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/15792/|title=Харитон Лаптев|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Vasiliy Poyarkov|icebreaker|2}} (1963–1988; ex-''Ledokol-4''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16161/|title=Пояр|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Yerofey Khabarov|icebreaker|2}} (1963–1993; ex-''Ledokol-5''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16163/|title=Ерофей Хабаров|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Ivan Kruzenstern|icebreaker|2}}''' (1964–; ex-''Ledokol-6'')<ref>{{csr|register=RS |id=640380|shipname=Ivan Kruzenstern|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref> ** {{ship||Vladimir Rusanov|icebreaker|2}} (1964–1988; ex-''Ledokol-7''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16166/|title=Vlad|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Semyon Chelyuskin|icebreaker|2}} (1965–1988; ex-''Ledokol-8''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16169/|title=Семён Челюскин|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship||Yuriy Lisyanskiy|icebreaker|2}} (1965–2021; ex-''Ledokol-9''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/341885/|title=Росморпорт готов заплатить до 26 млн рублей за утилизацию ледокола "Юрий Лисянский"|language=ru|publisher=PortNews|date=24 January 2023|accessdate=27 April 2023}}</ref> ** {{ship||Fyodor Litke|1970 icebreaker|2}} (1970–2013; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=E |id=7020085|shipname=Fyodor Litke|accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> ** {{ship||Ivan Moskvitin|icebreaker|2}} (1971–1997; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16190/|title=Иван Москвитин|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Semyon Dezhnev|1971 icebreaker|2}}''' (1971–)<ref>{{csr|register=E |id=7119446|shipname=Semyon Dezhnev|accessdate=2012-11-25}}</ref> * ''Ermak'' class ** {{ship||Ermak|1974 icebreaker|2}} (1974–2021; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/photo/451458/|title=Ермак|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=12 January 2024|language=ru}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Admiral Makarov|icebreaker|2}}''' (1975–) ** '''{{ship||Krasin|1976 icebreaker|2}}''' (1976–) * ''Kapitan M. Izmaylov'' class ** '''{{ship||Kapitan M. Izmaylov}}''' (1976–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Kosolapov}}''' (1976–) ** {{ship||Kapitan A. Radzhabov}} (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan) * ''Kapitan Sorokin'' class ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Sorokin}}''' (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Nikolaev}}''' (1978–; fitted with a new bow in 1990) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Dranitsyn}}''' (1980–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Khlebnikov}}''' (1981–) * ''Kapitan Chechkin'' class ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Chechkin}}''' (1977–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Plakhin}}''' (1977–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Chadaev}}''' (1978–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Krutov}}''' (1978–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Bukaev}}''' (1978–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Zarubin}}''' (1978–) * ''Mudyug'' class ** '''{{ship||Mudyug|icebreaker|2}}''' (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986) ** '''{{ship||Magadan|icebreaker|2}}''' (1982–) ** '''{{ship||Dikson|icebreaker|2}}''' (1983–) * ''Kapitan Evdokimov'' class ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Evdokimov}}''' (1983–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Babichev}}''' (1983–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Chudinov}}''' (1983–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Borodkin}}''' (1983–) ** '''{{ship||Avraamiy Zavenyagin}}''' (1984–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Metsayk}}''' (1984–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Deminov}}''' (1984–) ** '''{{ship||Kapitan Moshkin}}''' (1986–) * '''{{ship||Tor|icebreaker|2}}''' (2000–; purchased from Sweden)<ref name="tor" /> * ''{{ship||Karu|icebreaker|2}}'' (2002–2020; ex-''Karhu'', ex-''Kapitan Chubakov''; purchased from Estonia; broken up) * '''{{ship||Dudinka|icebreaker|2}}''' (2006–; ex-''Apu''; purchased from Finland) * Project 21900 ** '''{{ship||Moskva|2007 icebreaker|2}}''' (2008–) ** '''{{ship||Sankt-Peterburg|icebreaker|2}}''' (2009–) * Project 21900M ** '''{{ship||Vladivostok|2014 icebreaker|2}}''' (2015–) ** '''{{ship||Murmansk|2015 icebreaker|2}}''' (2015–)<ref name="lk16">[http://en.portnews.ru/news/180039/ Vyborg Shipyard starts building hull of 21900M icebreaker "Novorossiysk" for Rosmorport (photo)]. PortNews, 8 May 2014. {{retrieved|accessdate=2014-05-11}}</ref> ** '''{{ship||Novorossiysk|icebreaker|2}}''' (2016–)<ref>[http://en.portnews.ru/news/231874/ FSUE Rosmorport takes delivery of Novorossiysk, icebreaker built by Vyborg Shipyard (photo)]. PortNews, 26 December 2016. {{retrieved|accessdate=2016-12-26}}</ref> * '''{{ship||Ob|icebreaker|2}}''' (2019–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sever-press.ru/2019/10/17/the-icebreaker-ob-built-for-work-in-sabetta-will-be-delivered-to-the-customer/|title=The icebreaker "Ob" built for work in Sabetta will be delivered to the customer|publisher=Sever-Press|date=18 October 2019|accessdate=18 October 2019|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018112238/https://sever-press.ru/2019/10/17/the-icebreaker-ob-built-for-work-in-sabetta-will-be-delivered-to-the-customer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''{{ship||Georgiy Sedov|1998 icebreaker|2}}''' (2019–; ex-''Antarcticaborg''; purchased from Kazakhstan) * '''{{ship||Viktor Chernomyrdin|icebreaker|2}}''' (2020–)<ref name="portnews_30sep2020">{{cite web|url=https://en.portnews.ru/news/302511/|title=Acceptance/delivery certificate signed for Victor Chernomyrdin icebreaker|date=30 September 2020|accessdate=1 October 2020|publisher=PortNews}}</ref> * '''''Kapitan Belousov''''' (2023–; captured from Ukraine)<ref name="belousovcaptured">{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/378653/|title=На ремонт ледокола «Капитан Белоусов» выделяется более 93 млн рублей|language=ru|trans-title=More than 93 million rubles are allocated for the repair of the icebreaker "Kapitan Belousov"|website=PortNews|date=27 June 2025|accessdate=13 September 2025}}</ref> * ''Vyborg'' (2028– (latest estimate); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paluba.media/news/207399|title=Выборгский судостроительный завод ОСК передаст заказчику ледокол «Выборг» проекта 21900М2 в конце 2028 года|language=ru|trans-title=The Vyborg Shipyard of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) will deliver the icebreaker "Vyborg" of Project 21900M2 to the customer at the end of 2028|date=16 January 2026|accessdate=16 January 2026|website=Media Paluba}}</ref> * Project 22740M ** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (2027– (planned); under construction)<ref name="22740m">{{cite web|url=https://www.korabel.ru/news/comments/sergey_pylin_rosmorport_do_2026-go_planiruem_postroit_39_sudov_2.html|title=Сергей Пылин, "Росморпорт": "До 2026-го планируем построить 39 судов"|trans-title=Sergey Pylin, Rosmorport: "We plan to build 39 vessels by 2026"|language=ru|website=Korabel.ru|date=10 July 2024|accessdate=17 August 2025}}</ref> ** Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)<ref name="22740m" />
==== Steam-powered icebreakers ==== thumb|Steam-powered icebreaker ''Yermak'' The following icebreakers were powered by steam; * {{ship||Pilot|icebreaker|2}} (1864–1890; broken up?) * {{ship||Ledokol 1}} (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)<ref name="ibbook">{{citation|last=Andrienko|first=Vladimir Grigorievich|title=Ледокольный флот России 1860–е – 1918 гг.|year=2017|publisher=Litres |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SflDQAAQBAJ|isbn=978-545-76850-6-2}}</ref><ref name="led1">[http://opww.narod.ru/mmtm/17.htm Портовые и многоцелевые ледоколы]. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-12-25}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tugboatlars.se/Holmen8.htm Holmen VIII]. Tugboatlars.se. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-12-26}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol 2}} (1895–1923; handed over to Latvia)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||Saratovskiy Ledokol}} (1895–1968; sunk)<ref>[http://www.vzsar.ru/news/2015/10/08/ledokol-saratov-planiryut-podnyat-so-dna-volgi-v-dekabre.html Ледокол "Саратов" планируют поднять со дна Волги в декабре]. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-10-09}}</ref> * {{ship||Nadeshnyy}} (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||Yermak|1898 icebreaker|2}} (1899–1963; broken up) * {{ship||Gaydamak|icebreaker|2}} (1898–1930; broken up)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||Ledokol 3}} (1899–1923; broken up)<ref name="ibbook" /><ref>[http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokol31899.html Ledokol 3 1899]. Tyne Built Ships. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol IV}} (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||A. Sibiryakov|icebreaker|2}} (1909–1942; sunk by Germans) * {{ship||Vaygach|1909 icebreaker|2}} (1909–1918; sank in 1918) * {{ship||Taymyr|1909 icebreaker|2}} (1909–1950s?; broken up) * {{ship||Silatch}} (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up) * {{ship||Malygin|1912 icebreaker|2}} (1912–1940; sunk in 1940) * {{ship|Russian icebreaker|Pyotr Veliky||2}} (1912–1915; sunk in 1915) * ''Volynets'' (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-''Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich'', ex-''Wäinämöinen'', ex-''Suur Tõll''; sold to Estonia in 1987) * {{ship||Fyodor Litke|1909 icebreaker|2}} (1914–1958; ex-CGC ''Earl Grey''; broken up) <!--* {{ship||Ilya Muromets|1915 icebreaker|2}} (1915–) * {{ship||Dobrynya Nikitich|1915 icebreaker|2}} (1915–; broken up) TO BE CONTINUED --> * {{ship||Georgiy Sedov|1908 icebreaker|2}} (1915–1967; ex-''Beothic'' (1909–1915); broken up) * {{ship||Sadko|1913 icebreaker|2}} (1915–1941; ex-''Lintrose'' (1912–1915); sank in 1941) * {{ship||Mikula Seleaninovich|icebreaker|2}} (1916–1918)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||Ledokol V}} (1916–1941; sank in 1941)<ref>{{csr|register=C|id=18155|shipname=Ledokol V|accessdate=2018-12-26}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol VI}} (1916–1961; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=C|id=23869|shipname=Ledokol VI|accessdate=2018-12-26}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol VII}} (1916–1954; broken up)<ref>[http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokolvii1916.html Ledokol VII 1916]. Tyne Built Ships. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol VIII}} (1917–1961; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=C|id=23878|shipname=Ledokol VIII|accessdate=2018-12-26}}</ref> * {{ship||Ledokol IX}} (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)<ref>[http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/L-Ships/ledokolix1917.html Ledokol IX 1917]. Tyne Built Ships. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref> * {{ship||Krasin|1917 icebreaker|2}} (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg) * {{ship||Lenin|1916 icebreaker|2}} (1917–1968; broken up) * {{ship||Stepan Makarov|1917 icebreaker|2}} (1917–1941; sunk) * {{ship||Toros|icebreaker|2}} (1929–1964)<ref name="ibbook" /> * {{ship||Sibir|1937 icebreaker|2}} (1938–1973; ex-''I. Stalin'' (−1961); broken up) * {{ship||Admiral Lazarev|icebreaker|2}} (1938–1967; ex-''L. Kaganovich'' (−1951); broken up) * {{ship||Admiral Makarov|1941 icebreaker|2}} (1941–1967; ex-''V. Molotov'' (−1956); broken up) * {{ship||A. Mikoyan|icebreaker|2}} (1941–1968; broken up) * {{ship||Malygin|1945 icebreaker|2}} (1945–1970; ex-''Voima''; broken up) * ''Sibiryakov'' (1945–1972; ex-''Jääkarhu''; broken up) * ''Alyosha Popovich'' (1945–1970; ex-''Eisvogel''; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island) * {{ship||Ilya Muromets|1941 icebreaker|2}} (1946–1979; ex-''Eisbär''; broken up in 1981)<ref>[https://www.fesco.ru/about/history/fleet-roll/12079/ Илья Муромец (Eisbar)]. FESCO. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-12-24}}</ref> * ''Peresvet'' (1951–1980; ex-''Castor''; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)
=== Other icebreaking vessels ===
==== Rescue and salvage vessels ====
* ''Stroptivyy'' class ** ''Stroptivyy'' (1979–1992; sold to a private company and later broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/15331/|title=Ym Shanghai|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=9 August 2024}}</ref> ** '''''Spravedlivyy''''' (1980–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/24919/|title=Справедливый|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> ** ''Stakhanovets'' (1980–2012; laid up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/24939/|title=Стахановец|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> ** '''''Suvorovets''''' (1980–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/6715/|title=Суворовец|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> ** '''''Sibirskiy''''' (1980–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/6339/|title=Сибирский|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> ** '''''Foros''''' (1983–2014, 2024–; ex-''Fobos''; sold to Latvia in 2014 and purchased back in 2024)<ref name="foros">{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/24937/|title=Foros|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> ** ''Deimos'' (1983–2002; sold to a private company and later broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/15330/|title=Lira|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> * '''''Baltika''''' (2014–)<ref>{{csr|register=RS|id=993025|shipname=Baltika|accessdate=7 August 2024}}</ref> * Project MPSV06 ** '''''Beringov Proliv''''' (2015–)<ref name="ny">[http://en.portnews.ru/news/186383/ Nordic Yards schedules launch of two MPSVs for Rosmorrechflot’s rescue service for September 2114 (photo)]. PortNews, 3 September 2014. {{retrieved|accessdate=2014-09-23}}</ref> ** '''''Murman''''' (2015–)<ref name="ny" /> ** '''''Kerchenskiy Proliv''''' (2025–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paluba.media/news/206771|title=Амурский СЗ ОСК передал Морспасслужбе многофункциональный аварийно-спасательный ледокол «Керченский пролив» проекта MPSV06|language=ru|trans-title=Amur Shipyard of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) delivered the multifunctional emergency rescue icebreaker "Kerch Strait" of the MPSV06 project to the Marine Rescue Service|website=Media Paluba|date=28 December 2025|accessdate=28 December 2025}}</ref> * Project MPSV06M ** ''Pevek'' (2026– (latest estimate); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paluba.media/news/21838|title=На ПСЗ "Янтарь" заложили спасательное судно "Певек" проекта MPSV06М|language=ru|publisher=Paluba.media|date=25 March 2022|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref> ** ''Anadyr'' (under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/347846/|title=ПСЗ "Янтарь" заложил киль МФАСС проекта MPSV06M "Анадырь" мощностью 7 МВт|language=ru|publisher=PortNews|date=24 May 2023|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref> * ''Boris Lavrov'' (under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/377597/|title=Правительство разрешило увеличить стоимость строительства МФАСС проекта IBSV02 до 16,51 млрд рублей|language=ru|trans-title=The government has allowed increasing the cost of construction of the IBSV02 MFASS project to 16.51 billion rubles|website=PortNews|date=1 June 2025|accessdate=2 June 2025}}</ref>
==== Offshore vessels ====
The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:
* ''Ikaluk'' (1998–2018; ex-''Ikaluk'', ex-''Canmar Ikaluk'', ex-''Smit Sibu''; sold to China) * ''Smit Sakhalin'' (1998–2017; ex-''Miscaroo'', ex-''Canmar Miscaroo''; broken up) * ''Kigoriak'' (2003–2022; ex-''Canmar Kigoriak'', ex-''Kigoria'', ex-''Talagy''; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=E|id=7824261|shipname=Kigoriak|accessdate=2015-10-12}}</ref> * ''Vladimir Ignatyuk'' (2003–2018; ex-''Arctic Kalvik''; laid up)<ref>{{csr|register=E|id=8127804|shipname=Vladimir Ignatyuk|accessdate=2015-10-12}}</ref> * '''''SCF Sakhalin''''' (2005–; ex-''FESCO Sakhalin'') * '''''SCF Enterprise''''' (2006–; ex-''Pacific Enterprise'') * '''''SCF Endeavour''''' (2006–; ex-''Pacific Endeavour'') * '''''SCF Endurance''''' (2006–; ex-''Pacific Endurance'') * ''Polar Pevek'' (2006–2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/offshore/gc-rieber-scraps-charter-early-to-get-polar-pevek-out-of-russia/2-1-1248173|title=GC Rieber scraps charter early to get Polar Pevek out of Russia|publisher=TradeWinds News|date=29 June 2022|accessdate=31 August 2022}}</ref> * '''''Hermes''''' (2006–; ex-''Yury Topchev'') * '''''Antey''''' (2006–; ex-''Vladislav Strizhov'') * '''''Toboy''''' (2008–) * '''''Varandey''''' (2008–) * ''Vidar Viking'' (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)<ref name="vidar" /> * '''''Vitus Bering''''' (2012–) * '''''Aleksey Chirikov''''' (2013–) * '''''Aleut''''' (2015–)<ref>[http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/havyard-icebreaker-aleut-on-its-way-to-norway/ Havyard: Icebreaker Aleut on its way to Norway]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. Offshore Energy Today, 27 May 2015. {{retrieved|accessdate=2015-05-27}}</ref> * '''''Pomor''''' (2016–) * '''''Normann''''' (2016–) * '''''Gennadiy Nevelskoy''''' (2017–) * '''''Stepan Makarov''''' (2017–) * '''''Fedor Ushakov''''' (2017–) * '''''Yevgeny Primakov''''' (2018–) * '''''Aleksandr Sannikov''''' (2018–)<ref>[http://www.en.portnews.ru/news/260574/ Russian flag raised on the Aleksandr Sannikov icebreaker]. PortNews, 29 June 2018. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-07-01}}</ref> * '''''Andrey Vilkitskiy''''' (2018–)<ref>[http://portnews.ru/news/269615/ Выборгский судзавод передал заказчику ледокольное судно обеспечения проекта IBSV01 «Андрей Вилькицкий»]. PortNews, 18 December 2018. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-12-20}}</ref> * '''''Arcticaborg''''' (2019–) * '''''Titan''''' (2023–; ex-''Thetis''; purchased from Finland) * ''Katerina Velikaya'' (under construction)<ref name="zvezda" /> * ''Svyataya Mariya'' (under construction)<ref name="zvezda" /> * ''Aleksandr Nevskiy'' (under construction)<ref name="zvezda" /> * ''Vladimir Monomakh'' (under construction)<ref name="zvezda">[https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/97746/ На заводе «Звезда» заложили 4 судна снабжения]. Sdelanounas.ru, 8 September 2017. {{retrieved|accessdate=2017-10-28}}</ref>
In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:
* '''''Arctic''''' (2012–)<ref name="arkshipping">{{cite web|url=https://www.osd-imt.com/en/news/2017/ark-shipping-takes-delivery-of-shallow-draft-ahts-for-caspian-operations|title=Ark Shipping takes delivery of shallow draft AHTS for Caspian operations|publisher=OSD IMT|date=4 October 2017|accessdate=27 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627094453/https://www.osd-imt.com/en/news/2017/ark-shipping-takes-delivery-of-shallow-draft-ahts-for-caspian-operations|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''Antarctic''''' (2017–)<ref name="arkshipping" /> * '''''Polar''''' (2021–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atlasshipyard.net/news/nb016-steel-cutting-ceremony|title=NB016 steel cutting ceremony|publisher=Atlas Shipyard|date=21 February 2020|accessdate=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629232018/https://atlasshipyard.net/news/nb016-steel-cutting-ceremony|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{csr|register=E|id=9909003|shipname=Polar|accessdate=7 January 2022}}</ref> * '''''Polus''''' (2021–)<ref>{{csr|register=E|id=9909015|shipname=Polus|accessdate=7 January 2022}}</ref>
==== Patrol and naval vessels ====
The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:
* ''Purga'' (1957–1990; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/39984/|title=Пурга|language=ru|website=FleetPhoto|accessdate=13 May 2023}}</ref> * ''Dobrynya Nikitich'' class (Project 97) and its variants ** ''Dobronya Nikitich'' (1960–1998; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16154/|title=Добрыня Никитич|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Purga'' (1961–2012; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16155/|title=Пурга|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Vyuga'' (1962–1991; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16157/|title=Вьюга|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Ilya Muromets'' (1965–1993; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16175/|title=Илья Муромец|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** '''''Buran''''' (1966–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/6050/|title=Буран|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Sadko'' (1968–2022; expended as target)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16184/|title=Садко|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Peresvet'' (1970–2011; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16186/|title=Пересвет|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Ivan Susanin'' class (Project 97P) *** '''''Ivan Susanin''''' (1973–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/34333/|title=Иван Сусанин|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** ''Aysberg'' (1974–2006; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/34429/|title=Айсберг|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** '''''Ruslan''''' (1975–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/26584/|title=Руслан|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** ''Anadyr'' (1976–2019; ex-''Dnepr'', ex-''Imeni XXV syezda KPSS''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/18586/|title=Анадырь|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** ''Dunay'' (1977–2017; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/70831/|title=Дунай|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** '''''Neva''''' (1978–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/32373/|title=Нева|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** '''''Volga''''' (1980–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/18582/|title=Волга|publisher=FleetPhoto|accessdate=14 March 2020}}</ref> *** ''Murmansk'' (1981–2013; ex-''Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS'', ex-''Irtysh''; broken up) * '''''Ilya Muromets''''' (2017–)<ref name="portnews30112017">[http://en.portnews.ru/news/249838/ Admiralteiskie Verfi shipyard delivers icebreaker Ilya Muromets, Project 21180, to RF Navy (photo)]. PortNews, 30 November 2017. {{retrieved|accessdate=2017-12-01}}</ref> * Project 21180M ** '''''Evpatiy Kolovrat''''' (2024–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shnyagi.net/440199-evpatiy-kolovrat-otpravitsya-v-arktiku.html|title="Евпатий Коловрат" отправится в Арктику|publisher=Shnyagi.Net|date=8 November 2020|language=ru|accessdate=14 November 2020}}</ref> ** ''Svyatogor'' (2027– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2022/01/russian-navy-builds-more-icebreakers|title=Russian Navy builds more icebreakers|publisher=The Barents Observer|date=7 January 2022|accessdate=8 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petrogradnews.ru/news/2023-09-01/vladimir-omelnitskiy-uchastvoval-v-zakladke-ledokola-na-sudostroitelnoy-verfi--almaz/|title=Владимир Омельницкий участвовал в закладке ледокола на судостроительной верфи «Алмаз»|language=ru|publisher=АНО "Санкт-Петербургский центр информационной поддержки"|date=1 September 2023|accessdate=3 September 2023}}</ref> * Project 23550 ** '''{{ship|Russian patrol ship|Ivan Papanin||2}}''' (2025–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/381519/|script-title=ru:ОСК передала ВМФ патрульный корабль ледового класса «Иван Папанин»|trans-title=USC Transfers Ice-Class Patrol Ship Ivan Papanin to Navy|language=ru|website=PortNews|date=5 September 2025|accessdate=5 September 2025}}</ref> ** {{ship|Russian patrol ship|Nikolay Zubov||2}} (2024– (original plan); under construction) ** {{ship|Russian patrol ship|Purga||2}} (2024– (original plan); under construction; damaged in a Ukrainian drone attack in March 2026)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/ukrainian-drone-wrecks-fsbs-new-arctic-vessel/447386 |title=Ukrainian drone wrecks FSB’s new Arctic vessel |website=The Barents Observer |last=Staalesen |first=Alte |date=25 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/30865.html|title=Как Выборгский завод начал строительство пограничного корабля "Пурга"|language=ru|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|date=25 July 2020|accessdate=25 July 2020}}</ref> ** {{ship|Russian patrol ship|Dzerzhinsky||2}} (under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://paluba.media/news/65845|title=На Выборгском СЗ заложен пограничный сторожевой корабль ледового класса «Дзержинский» проекта 23550|language=ru|website=Media Paluba|date=24 December 2023|accessdate=24 December 2023}}</ref>
==== Research and survey vessels ====
* ''Dobrynya Nikitich'' class (Project 97) variants ** ''Pyotr Pakhtusov'' (1966–1997; ex-''Mendeleev'', ex-''Ledokol-10''; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16177/|title=Prabhavi|publisher=FleetPhoto|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Georgiy Sedov'' (1967–1992; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16181/|title=Георгий Седов|publisher=FleetPhoto|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Vladimir Kavrayskiy'' (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks ''PKZ-86'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/16187/|title=ПКЗ-86|publisher=FleetPhoto|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> ** ''Otto Schmidt'' (1979–1991; broken up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleetphoto.ru/vessel/38722/|title=Отто Шмидт|publisher=FleetPhoto|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> * '''''Mikhail Somov''''' (1975–)<ref>{{csr|register=RS|id=743089|shipname=Mikhail Somov|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> * '''''Akademik Fedorov''''' (1987–)<ref>{{csr|register=RS|id=860742|shipname=Akademik Fedorov|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> * '''''Akademik Tryoshnikov''''' (2012–)<ref>{{csr|register=RS|id=090098|shipname=Akademik Tryoshnikov|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> * ''Ivan Frolov'' (2028– (planned); under construction)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/43719.html|title=Состоялась закладка научно-экспедиционного судна "Иван Фролов"|language=ru|website=Sudostroenie.info|date=29 October 2024|access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>
== South Africa == * ''S. A. Agulhas'' (1977–2012; retired from Antarctic service and used as a training ship) * '''''S. A. Agulhas II''''' (2012–)
==South Korea== * '''''Araon''''' (2009–) * A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by December 2029<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/research-environment-training/hanwha-ocean-signs-contract-to-build-new-icebreaker-for-south-korea|title=Hanwha Ocean signs contract to build new icebreaker for South Korea|date=30 July 2025|accessdate=31 July 2025|website=Baird Maritime}}</ref>
== Soviet Union == : ''See Russia''
== Sweden ==
=== Swedish Maritime Administration === [[Image:Ymer in ice.jpg|thumb|Swedish icebreaker ''Ymer'']]
* ''Sankt Erik'' (1915–1977; ex-''Isbrytaren II'' (−1959); museum ship since 1977) * ''Atle'' (1926–1967; ex-''Statsisbrytaren'' (−1931); broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5503000|shipname=Atle|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Ymer'' (1933–1977; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5395802|shipname=Ymer|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Thule'' (1953–1998; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5360560|shipname=Thule|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Oden'' (1957–1988; broken up)<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5260916|shipname=Oden|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Tor'' (1964–2000; sold to Russia)<ref name="tor">{{csr|register=MSI|id=5418197|shipname=Tor|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * ''Njord'' (1969–2000; sold and renamed ''Polar Star'')<ref>{{csr|register=MSI|id=6905745|shipname=Njord|accessdate=2012-11-06}}</ref> * '''''Ale''''' (1973–) * ''Atle'' class ** '''''Atle''''' (1974–) ** '''''Frej''''' (1975–) ** '''''Ymer''''' (1977–) * '''''Oden''''' (1988–) * '''''Idun''''' (2024–; purchased from Norway)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sjofartsverket.se/sv/om-sjofartsverket/nyheter-och-press/nyheter/sa-ska-den-nya-isbrytaren-heta/|title=Så ska den nya isbrytaren heta|language=sv|website=Sjöfartsverket|date=2 April 2024|accessdate=2 April 2024}}</ref> * Unnamed new icebreaker (2029– (planned); ordered)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sjofartsverket.se/sv/om-oss/nyheter-och-press/nyheter/ny-isbrytare-ska-starka-sveriges-beredskap/|title=Ny isbrytare ska stärka Sveriges beredskap|language=sv|website=Sjöfartsverket|date=24 April 2026|accessdate=26 April 2026}}</ref>
=== Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore === Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015. * ''Tor Viking II'' (2000–2015; as ''Tor Viking'' under Norwegian flag until 2003)<ref>{{csr|register=E|id=9199622|shipname=Tor Viking|accessdate=2018-07-21}}</ref> * ''Balder Viking'' (2000–2015) * ''Vidar Viking'' (2001–2012; contract ended prematurely)<ref name="vidar">[https://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/russia-sakhalin-energy-hires-vidar-viking-ahts/ Russia: Sakhalin Energy Hires Vidar Viking AHTS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221839/https://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/russia-sakhalin-energy-hires-vidar-viking-ahts/ |date=2018-07-21 }}. Offshore Energy Today, 26 December 2011. {{retrieved|accessdate=2018-07-21}}</ref>
=== Other === * {{ship||Göta Lejon|icebreaker|2}} (1932–1963; sold to Norway in 1970)
== Turkmenistan == * ''Mangystau-2'' (2020–2021; sold to Canada) * '''''Mangystau-1''''' (2023–)
== Ukraine == * ''Afanasy Nikitin'' (1962–1995; broken up)<ref name="afanasy" /> *''Kapitan Belousov'' (1991–2023; damaged and later captured by Russia)<ref name="belousov" /><ref name="belousovcaptured" /> *'''''Noosfera''''' (2021–; ex-''James Clark Ross''; purchased from United Kingdom)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/news/ukraina-pereimenovala-kuplennyy-britanii-1635520955.html|title=Украина переименовала купленный у Британии ледокол: как он теперь называется|language=uk|publisher=RBC|date=29 October 2021|accessdate=30 October 2021}}</ref>
== United Kingdom == thumb|HMS ''Protector'' * {{HMS|Endurance|A171|6}} (1990–2008; broken up)<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-24436594| title=HMS Endurance: Former ice patrol ship to be scrapped| publisher=BBC News| date=7 October 2013| accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref> * {{ship|RRS|James Clark Ross}} (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine)<ref name="jcr">{{cite web|url=https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/rrs-james-clark-ross-sold/|title=After 30 years of service with British Antarctic Survey the RRS James Clark Ross has been sold to the Ukrainian National Antarctic Scientific Centre.|publisher=British Antarctic Survey|date=19 August 2021|accessdate=19 August 2021}}</ref> * {{ship|RRS|Ernest Shackleton}} (1995–2019; sold to Italy)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://subseaworldnews.com/2019/03/25/bas-to-redeliver-ernest-shackleton-vessel-to-gc-rieber/|title=BAS to Redeliver Ernest Shackleton Vessel to GC Rieber|work=Subsea World News|date=25 March 2019|accessdate=10 May 2019}}</ref> * '''{{HMS|Protector|A173|6}}''' (2011–)<ref>{{citation| url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/surface-fleet/survey/antarctic-patrol-ship/hms-protector| title=HMS Protector (A173)| publisher=Royal Navy| accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref> * '''{{ship|RRS|Sir David Attenborough}}''' (2020–)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/british-antarctic-survey-takes-delivery-of-rrs-sir-david-attenborough/|title=British Antarctic Survey takes delivery of RRS Sir David Attenborough|publisher=British Antarctic Survey|accessdate=2 December 2020|date=2 December 2020}}</ref> {{-}}
== United States == {{see also|ICE Pact}}
=== United States Coast Guard === [[File:Polar Star 2.jpg|thumb|right|USCGC ''Polar Star'' (WAGB-10)]] [[File:USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) north of Alaska.jpg|thumb|USCGC Healy]]
* USCGC ''Storis'' (WMEC-38) (1942–2007; broken up) * USCGC ''Mackinaw'' (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship) * Wind class ** USCGC ''Staten Island'' (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-''Severny Veter'', ex-''Northwind''; broken up) ** USCGC ''Eastwind'' (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977) ** USCGC ''Southwind'' (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-''Admiral Makarov'', ex-''Atka''; broken up in 1976) ** USCGC ''Westwind'' (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-''Severniy Polyus''; broken up) ** USCGC ''Northwind'' (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999) ** USCGC ''Burton Island'' (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982) ** USCGC ''Edisto'' (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980) * USCGC ''Glacier'' (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012) * Polar class ** '''USCGC ''Polar Star''''' (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–) ** USCGC ''Polar Sea'' (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive) * Bay class ** '''USCGC ''Katmai Bay''''' (WTGB-101) (1979–) ** '''USCGC ''Bristol Bay''''' (WTGB-102) (1979–) ** '''USCGC ''Mobile Bay''''' (WTGB-103) (1979–) ** '''USCGC ''Biscayne Bay''''' (WTGB-104) (1979–) ** '''USCGC ''Neah Bay''''' (WTGB-105) (1980–) ** '''USCGC ''Morro Bay''''' (WTGB-106) (1981–) ** '''USCGC ''Penobscot Bay''''' (WTGB-107) (1985–) ** '''USCGC ''Thunder Bay''''' (WTGB-108) (1986–) ** '''USCGC ''Sturgeon Bay''''' (WTGB-109) (1988–) * '''USCGC ''Healy''''' (WAGB-20) (2000–) * '''USCGC ''Mackinaw''''' (WLBB-30) (2006–) * '''USCGC ''Storis''''' (WAGB-21) (2025–; ex-''Aiviq'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/article/4016098/coast-guard-adds-first-polar-icebreaker-to-its-fleet-in-25-years/|title=Coast Guard adds first polar icebreaker to its fleet in 25 years|website=United States Coast Guard|date=23 December 2024|access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref> * Polar Security Cutters ** {{ship|USCGC|Polar Sentinel}} (WMSP-21) (2030– (latest estimate); ordered)<ref name="wt20241218">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/dec/18/new-u-arctic-icebreakers-won-ready-2030-lawmakers-/|title=New U.S. Arctic icebreakers won't be ready until 2030, lawmakers say|website=Washington Times|date=18 December 2024|accessdate=21 December 2024}}</ref> ** {{ship|USCGC|Polar Bear}} (WMSP-22) has been ordered<ref name="psc2" /><ref name="psc3" /> ** {{ship|USCGC|Polar Glacier}} (WMSP-23) has been authorized<ref name="psc2">{{cite news |url=https://njscuba.net/shipbuildinghistory/statistics/currentnavy.html/ |title=U.S. Government Shipbuilding (2020) |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="psc3">{{cite news |url=https://www.king.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/icymi-senate-passes-2023-defense-bill-with-king-backed-provisions-to-invest-in-maine-shipbuilding-strengthen-national-security-and-support-jobs/ |title=ICYMI: Senate Passes 2023 Defense Bill with King-Backed Provisions to Invest in Maine Shipbuilding, Strengthen National Security and Support Jobs |date=16 December 2022 |publisher=Senator Angus King (I-ME) |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref> * Arctic Security Cutters ** Two Arctic Security Cutters to be built by Rauma Marine Constructions in Finland (2028– (planned); ordered)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rmcfinland.fi/rmc-awarded-contract-to-build-two-u-s-coast-guard-arctic-security-cutters/|title=RMC awarded contract to build two U.S. Coast Guard Arctic Security Cutters|website=Rauma Marine Constructions|date=29 December 2025|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> ** Four Arctic Security Cutters to be built by Bollinger Shipyards in the United States (2029– (planned); ordered)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollingershipyards.com/news/bollinger-shipyards-signs-contract-to-build-four-u-s-coast-guard-arctic-security-cutters/|title=Bolligner Shipyards signs contract to build four U.S. Coast Guard Arctic Security Cutters|website=Bollinger Shipyards|date=29 December 2025|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> ** Five Arctic Security Cutters to be built by Davie Shipbuilding at Helsinki Shipyard in Finland and Gulf Copper in the United States (ordered)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/news/2026/05/13/coast-guard-finalizes-contract-five-new-arctic-security-cutters|title=Coast Guard Finalizes Contract for Five New Arctic Security Cutters|website=Department of Homeland Security|date=13 May 2026|accessdate=15 May 2025}}</ref>
=== National Science Foundation === *''Nathaniel B. Palmer'' (1992–2025; charter ended)<ref name=NSFResearchVesselNathanielBPalmer>{{cite web|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=2007-08-16|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/nathpalm.jsp|title=R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer}}</ref> *''Laurence M. Gould'' (1997–2024; charter ended)<ref name=NSFLaurenceMGould>{{cite web|publisher=National Science Foundation|accessdate=2007-08-16|url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/gould.jsp|title=R/V Laurence M. Gould}}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> *'''''Sikuliaq''''' (2014–)
=== Edison Chouest Offshore === * ''Aiviq'' (2012–2024; sold to the United States Coast Guard) * ''Laurence M. Gould'' (2024–; laid up) * ''Nathaniel B. Palmer'' (2025–; laid up)
=== Historical === * ''Ice Boat No. 3'' (1873–1905; sunk in 1905)
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
== External links== * {{commons category-inline|Icebreakers}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Icebreakers}} * Icebreaker