{{short description|American politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder |birth_name=Linn Banks |image = Speaker Linn Banks.png |image_size= 220px |office = 17th Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates |term_start = December 1, 1817 |term_end = April 28, 1838 |predecessor = Robert Stanard |successor =Thomas W. Gilmer | state_delegate1 = Virginia | district1 = Madison | term_start1 =November 30, 1812 | term_end1 =January 6, 1839 | preceded1 = Pascal Early | succeeded1 =John Booton/Robert A. Banks |state2 = Virginia |district2 = 13th |predecessor2 = John M. Patton |successor2 = Extra Billy Smith | term_start2 =April 28, 1838 | term_end2 =December 6, 1841 |birth_date = {{birth date|1784|1|23|mf=y}} |birth_place = Culpeper County, Virginia, US |death_date = {{death date and age|1843|1|13|1784|1|28|mf=y}} |death_place = Culpeper, Virginia, US |resting_place =Vale Evergreen Estate Cemetery, Graves Mill, Madison County, Virginia |party = Democrat |spouse =Eliza Jane Hunter Sanders |profession = politician, lawyer, farmer |alma_mater= |allegiance = {{flag|United States of America|11812}} |branch ={{flagdeco|Virginia|1861}}Virginia Militia

|rank = lieutenant

|service_years=1812 |battles =War of 1812

}} '''Linn Banks''' (January 23, 1784 &ndash; January 13, 1842) was an American slave owner, politician and lawyer, who served 26 years in the Virginia House of Delegates (including two decades as its Speaker) but resigned in order to run for the U.S. Congress. He served one term and appeared re-elected, although that election was successfully contested by future Virginia governor and Confederate General Extra Billy Smith.<ref>Virginia Biographical Encyclopedia (1902)</ref><ref>{{CongBio|B000115}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

He was born in what was then Culpeper County, Virginia (today part of Madison County) to parents Adam Banks and Gracey James. He married on April 2, 1811, in Wake, North Carolina, to Eliza Jane Hunter Sanders.<ref>Wake Co., NC Marriages (bonds) and International Genealogical Index, batch M5106002, p 2898 - extraction of county marriage records</ref> He was the great, great grandson of Adam Bankes, emigrant to Stafford County, Virginia, from the Wigan, Lancashire area of England in the mid-17th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rayhbanksjr&id=I40568|title = Index: A}}</ref> Banks received a private education, then attended the College of William & Mary<ref>Mrs. P.W. Hiden, "Adam Banks of Stafford Co., VA", Tyler's Quarterly, vol 15, p 248</ref> studied law.<ref name="American Congress 1971, p 548">Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971, GPO, 1971, p 548.</ref>

==Career==

Admitted to the Virginia bar in 1809, Banks interrupted his legal practice to serve in the War of 1812.<ref>Yowell's History of Madison County, Virginia, p 68</ref> He would ultimately resume practicing law, as well as lead the local Virginia Militia for decades, hence his honorific as "colonel". In 1824, Banks hosted the Marquis de Lafayette on his return visit to Virginia, when he visited President Madison and local militia units in Culpeper and Orange Counties.<ref>Mrs. P. W. Hiden, "Adam Banks of Stafford Co., VA", Tyler's Quarterly, vol 15, p 248.</ref>

Madison County voters elected Banks as one of their two (part time) representatives in the Virginia House of Delegates in November 1812, and re-elected him many times over more than 25 years. He served from 1812 to 1838, alongside veteran William Morgan until 1814, then Daniel Field, George H. Allen, Robert Hill, Robert L. Madison, Robert Briggs and William Finks. When the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830 instituted single member districts, Banks continued to represent Madison County. He also served as Speaker of the House for two decades, from 1817 to 1838.<ref>Cynthia Miller Leonard, Virginia's General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) pp. xv, 270, 274, 278, 282, 286, 289, 290, 293, 294, 298, 299, 203, 304, 308, 309, 313, 314, 318, 319, 323, 324, 328, 329, 333, 334, 338, 339, 343, 344, 348, 349, 355, 356, 359, 360, 363, 364, 367, 368, 371, 372, 375, 376, 379, 380, 384, 385</ref>

Banks ran as a Democrat and won election to the United States House of Representatives to fill the seat vacated by John M. Patton's resignation in 1838. He only served until 1841, despite presenting credentials to the following Congress. Although he had appeared re-elected by a narrow vote over former State Senator William "Extra Billy" Smith, Smith contested the election and before the contest could be decided, Banks resigned setting up a Special Election the following November. Banks ran in the special election but lost to Smith. Smith assumed that congressional seat in December 1841.<ref name="American Congress 1971, p 548"/>

Afterward, Banks resumed his legal practice, as well as managing his estates and enslaved labor. He owned 45 slaves in Madison County in 1820,<ref>1820 U.S. Federal Census for Virginia p. 2 of 11</ref> and more than 40 slaves in 1840.<ref>1840 U.S. Federal Census for Madison County, Virginia, p. 8 of 52</ref><ref>The 1830 U.S. Federal Census for Madison County is difficult to read because of ink bleed-through.</ref>

==Death and legacy==

Banks drowned on January 13, 1842, while attempting to ford the Conway River near Wolftown, Virginia. He was interred in the family cemetery on his estate called "Vale Evergreen" near Graves Mill, Virginia.<ref name="American Congress 1971, p 548"/>

Robert A. Banks, a possible relative, although the marriage license of his 1865 remarriage listed his father as G.J. Banks, married Louisa J. Finks (daughter of this Bank's co-delegate) in 1847, almost a decade after he succeeded to the Madison County House of delegates seat on March 2, 1839, and was re-elected several times, (though he too lost an election contest in 1841 to the same John Booton whom he had unseated in 1838).<ref>Leonard pp. 389, 393, 397, 401, 405, 409, 413, 417, 422, 441, 518</ref> Robert A. Banks owned about 70 slaves in Madison County in 1850,<ref>1850 U.S. Federal Census, Slave Schedule for Madison County Virginia pp19 and 20 of 57</ref> and 82 in Madison County in 1860.<ref>1860 U.S> Federal Census, Slave Schedule for Madison County, Virginia pp. 53-54 of 59</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == * {{cite BDA1906 |wstitle= Banks, Linn |volume= 1 |page= 206 |short=1}}

{{s-start}} {{s-par|us-hs}} {{US House succession box | state=Virginia | district=13 | before=John M. Patton | after= William Smith | years=April 28, 1838 &ndash; December 6, 1841 (obsolete district) }} {{s-end}}

{{Speakers of the Virginia House of Delegates}} {{VirginiaRepresentatives13}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banks, Linn}} Category:1784 births Category:1842 deaths Category:Speakers of the Virginia House of Delegates Category:Virginia lawyers Category:American militia officers Category:Deaths by drowning in Virginia Category:People from Madison County, Virginia Category:College of William & Mary alumni Category:Democratic Party United States representatives from Virginia Category:United States representatives who owned slaves Category:19th-century United States representatives Category:19th-century members of the Virginia General Assembly