{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Latris lineata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (AM MA28389-3).jpg | image_caption = ''Latris lineata'' | taxon = Latris | authority = J. Richardson, 1839 | type_species = ''Latris hecateia'' | type_species_authority = J. Richardson, 1839<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family | family = Latridae | access-date = 11 August 2021}}</ref> }}
'''''Latris''''' is a genus of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Latridae, the trumpeters. They are found in the southern oceans.
==Taxonomy== ''Latris'' was first formally described in 1839 by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer Sir John Richardson with the type species being ''Latris hecateia'', this being the only species in the genus.<ref name = CofF/> Richardson’s name was later shown to be a synonym of Johann Reinhold Forster’s ''Cichla lineata''.<ref name = CofF2>{{ Cof genus | genus = Latris | access-date = 11 August 2021}}</ref> The name of the genus, ''Latris'', means “slave” or “servant”, Richardson did not explain why he chose this name.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/centrarchiformes/ | title =Order Centrarchiformes: Families Centrarchidae, Elassomatidae, Eoplosidae, Sinipercidae, Aplodactylidae, Cheilodactylidae, Chironemidae, Cirrhitidae, Latridae, Percichthydiae, Dichistitidae, Girellidae, Kuhliidae, Kyphosidae, Oplegnathidae, Terapontidae, Microcanthidae, and Scorpididae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 25 February 2021 | access-date = 11 August 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>
==Species== There are currently two recognized species in this genus:<ref name=Fishbase/> * ''Latris lineata'' <small>(J. R. Forster, 1801)</small> (Striped trumpeter) * ''Latris pacifica'' <small>C. D. Roberts, 2003</small> (Silver trumpeter)
==Characteristics== ''Latris'' has two species which, although molecular analyses suggest that they are sister species, share few obvious derived morphological characteristics which separate them from other Latrid genera. Before the discovery of ''Latris pacifica'' it was thought that the presence of vomerine teeth was a character separating the genus from the others in the family but ''L. pacifica'' does share this characteristic. Meristic counts are of doubtful usefulness but these fishes have a dorsal fin with 17-20 spines and 33-44 soft rays, while the anal fin has 26-37 soft rays. They also have 37-43 vertebrae.<ref name = Roberts2003>{{cite journal | author = Clive D. Roberts | year = 2003 | title = A new species of trumpeter (Teleostei; Percomorpha; Latridae) from the central South Pacific Ocean, with a taxonomic review of the striped trumpeter ''Latris lineata'' | doi = 10.1080/03014223.2003.9517756 | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–754| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name = Smith2003>{{cite journal | author1 = P. J. Smith | author2 = P. M. Gaffney | author3 = C. D. Roberts | name-list-style = amp | year = 2003 | title = Phylogenetic relationships of the silver trumpeter ''Latris pacifica'' (Teleostei, Percomorpha, Latridae) based on allozymes and mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand | volume = 33 | issue =4 | pages = 755–767 | doi = 10.1080/03014223.2003.9517757| doi-access = free }}</ref> The maximum total lengths are {{cvt|69.2|cm}} for ''L. pacifica'' and {{cvt|120|cm}} for ''L. lineata''.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Latris|month=June|year=2021}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat== Latris species are found in the temperate southern oceans. ''Latris lineata'' has been confirmed to occur in the southern Indian Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean and the Southern Atlantic.<ref name = W&M2013>{{cite journal | author1 = Waessle, J.A. | author2 = Milessi, Andrés | name-list-style = amp | year = 2013 | title = First record of ''Latris lineata'' (Forster, 1801) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean | journal = Zootaxa | issue = 3646 | pages = 097–099 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3646.1.10}}</ref><ref name = RHF2016>{{cite journal | author1 = Pablo Reyes | author2 = Verena Häussermann | author3 = Günter Försterra | name-list-style = amp | year = 2013 | title = New Zealand trumpeter re-discovered in Patagonian fjords after more than 100 years (Perciformes, Latridae) | journal = Spixiana | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | page = 14 | url = https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Spixiana_039_0014.pdf}}</ref> ''L. pacifica'' have only been recorded from the Foundation Seamounts in the South Pacific Ocean.<ref name = Roberts2003/> They are associated with rocky reef habitats.<ref name = Fishbase/>
==Fisheries== ''Latris'' trumpeters are quarry for commercial fisheries from New Zealand while in other parts of its range the striped trumpeter is a desirable target for recreational fisheries. Their flesh is considered to be highly palatable.<ref name = Roberts2003/><ref name = Talleys>{{cite web | url = https://www.talleys.co.nz/seafood/species/trumpeter | title = Trumpeter Latris lineata | access-date = 11 August 2021 | publisher = Talley's}}</ref><ref name = FofA>{{cite web | author = Bray, D.J. | year = 2019 | title = ''Latris lineata'' | work = Fishes of Australia | access-date = 11 August 2021 | url = https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/685#summary | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Latridae Category:Actinopterygii genera Category:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist) Category:Latris