Latridae

{{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = LatrisLineataIMAS.jpg | image_caption = Striped Trumpeter, (''Latris lineata''), on a deep reef in the Flinders Commonwealth Marine Reserve, northeast Tasmania - depth 160 m | taxon = Latridae | authority = T. N. Gill, 1862<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | access-date = 24 July 2021| doi-access = free }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = see text }} [[File:New Zealand Blue Moki.JPG|thumb|New Zealand Blue Moki (''Latridopsis ciliaris'')]] [[File:Mendosoma lineatum Real bastard trumpeter P2174364.JPG|thumb|Telescope fish (''Mendosoma lineatum'')]]

'''Latridae''' commonly called '''trumpeters''', is a family of marine ray-finned fish. They are found in temperate seas in the Southern Hemisphere. The classification of the species within the Latridae and the related Cheilodactylidae is unclear.They are fished commercially and for sport.

==Taxonomy== Latridae is classified within the superfamily Cirrhitoidea, under the suborder Percoidei of the large order Perciformes.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book | title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=459 |publisher=Wiley |isbn= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}</ref> Molecular studies have also placed the superfamily within the order Centrarchiformes, although the Cirrhitoidea is confirmed as a monophyletic clade.<ref name = Lavoué>{{cite journal | author1 = Sébastien Lavoué | author2 = Kouji Nakayama | author3 = Dean R Jerry | author4 = Yusuke Yamanoue | author5 = Naoki Yagishita | author6 = Nobuaki Suzuki | author7 = Mutsumi Nishida | author8 = Masaki Miya | display-authors = 3 | year = 2014 | title = Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Percichthyidae and Centrarchiformes (Percomorphaceae): comparison with recent nuclear gene-based studies and simultaneous analysis | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.033 | journal = Gene| volume = 549 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–57 | pmid = 25026502 }}</ref> The 5th Edition of ''Fishes of the World'' does not recognise Centrarchiformes and retains the superfamily within the order Perciformes. The family has three genera according to the 5th Edition of ''Fishes of the World'', however the authors of that book admit that further studies need to be carried out to resolve the true relationships of all the taxa within the Cirrhitoidea.<ref name = Nelson5/> Latridae was first formally desecrribed as a family in 1862 by Theodore Nicholas Gill.<ref name = VDLEF/>

The traditional delimitation of this family and Chaeilodactylidae is based on morphological differences, but the reliability of these differences has been questioned, and genetics do not support this treatment, either, leading some to suggest the majority of species traditionally classified as Cheilodactylidae should be placed within Latridae.<ref name=Genetics2004>{{cite journal | author1 = Christopher P. Burridge | author2 = Adam J. Smolenski | name-list-style = and | year = 2004 | title = Molecular phylogeny of the Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidea) with notes on taxonomy and biogeography | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume =30 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–127 | doi = 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00157-X| pmid = 15022763 | bibcode = 2004MolPE..30..118B }}</ref><ref name=Hawaii>{{cite book | author = John E. Randall | year = 2007 | title = Reef and Shore Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands | publisher = Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawaiʻi | isbn = 978-1-929054-03-9}}</ref> Based on this, the only species that should remain in the family Cheilodactylidae are the relatively small ''Cheilodactylus fasciatus'' and ''C. pixi'' from southern Africa.<ref name=Genetics2004/> This also means the broader definition of the genus ''Cheilodactylus'' is polyphyletic.<ref name=Genetics2004/><ref name=Genetics2000>{{cite journal | author1 = C. P. Burridge | author2 = R.W.G. White | name-list-style = and | year = 2000 | title = Molecular phylogeny of the antitropical subgenus Goniistius (Perciformes: Cheilodactylidae: Cheilodactylus): evidence for multiple transequatorial divergences and non-monophyly | journal = Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 70 | issue = 3 | pages = 435–458 | doi = 10.1006/bijl.1999.0413| bibcode = 2000BJLS...70..435B | url = http://ecite.utas.edu.au/20024 }}</ref> All other species traditionally placed within the genus "''Cheilodactylus''" clearly do not, according to these analyses, belong with these two in ''Cheilodactylus'' and instead appear to belong in several different genera within Latridae, but how many and their exact delimitation is not clear at present.<ref name=Genetics2004/>

===Genera=== The traditional classification places the following three genera in the family Latridae:<ref name = Nelson5/><ref name = CofF>{{Cof family | family = Latridae | access-date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>

* ''Latridopsis'' Gill, 1862 * ''Latris'' Richardson, 1839 * ''Mendosoma'' Guichenot, 1848

The revised classification ''sensu'' Ludt, Burridge and Chakrabarty 2019 is:<ref name =CofF/><ref name=Ludt2019>{{cite journal | author1 = Ludt, W.B. | author2 = Burridge, C.P. | author3 = Chakrabarty, P. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2019 | title = A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 585 | issue = 1 | page = 121 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.7| pmid = 31716185 | s2cid = 145985739 }}</ref>

* <nowiki>**</nowiki>''Chirodactylus'' Gill, 1862 * ''Dactylophora'' De Vis, 1883 * <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Goniistius'' Gill, 1862 * ''Latridopsis'' Gill, 1862 * ''Latris'' Richardson, 1839 * ''Mendosoma'' Guichenot, 1848 * <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Morwong'' Whitley, 1957 * ''Nemadactylus'' Richardson, 1839 * <nowiki>*</nowiki>''Pseudogoniistius'' Ludt, Burridge & Chakrabarty, 2019

<nowiki>*</nowiki> means at least one member, the red moki (''C. spectabilis'') was traditionally classified in ''Chelidactylus'' ''sensu lato'' <nowiki>**</nowiki> means traditionally classified in ''Chelidactylus'' ''sensu lato''

== Characteristics == Latridae Fishes have somewhat elongate bodies, small mouths and sharp teeth. They have a continuous dorsal fin which has an incision separating the spiny part and the soft-rayed part. They have small pectoral and pelvic fins and a forked caudal fin.<ref name = Ency>{{cite web | url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/latridae | title = Latridae | access-date = 9 August 2021 | website = Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> There are 14–24 spines in the dorsal fin and 24–30 soft rays while the anal fin has 18–35 soft rays.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase family | family = Latridae | month = June | year = 2021}}</ref> The lowest pectoral fin rays of the Latridae species in the traditional classification are not thickened or extended.<ref name = nzf2>{{cite book | last1 = McMillan | first1 = P.J. | last2 = Francis | first2 = M.P. | last3 = Paul | first3 = L.J. | last4 = Marriott | first4 = P.J | last5 = Mackay | first5 = E. | last6 = Baird | first6 = S.-J. | last7 = Griggs | first7 = L.H. | last8 = Sui | first8 = H. | last9 = Wei | first9 = F. | display-authors = 3 | year = 2011 |title = New Zealand fishes. Volume 2: A field guide to less common species caught by bottom and midwater fishing | series = New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report | volume = 78 | page = 27}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat== The Latridae are found in the temperate South Atlantic, South Pacific and southern Indian Oceans where they tend to be associated with reefs and rock substrates.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Fisheries== The Latridae contains species which are important species for game fisheries.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Latridae Category:Centrarchiformes families