{{italic title|string=oblast}} {{Infobox settlement | area_total_km2 = 94,783.07 | elevation_max_m = 5,642 | elevation_max_point = Mount Elbrus | established_date = 1860 | established_title = Established | extinct_date = 1917 | extinct_title = Abolished | image_map = Kuban Oblast ATD.png | image_shield = Coat of arms of Kuban Oblast 1874.svg | map_caption = Administrative map of the Kuban Oblast | mapsize = 220px | name = Kuban ''oblast'' | native_name = Кубанская область | native_name_lang = ru | population_as_of = 1916 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rural = 90.48% | population_total = 3,022,683 | population_urban = 9.52% | seat = Yekaterinodar<br>({{small|present-day}} Krasnodar) | seat_type = Capital | settlement_type = ''Oblast'' | subdivision_name = Russian Empire | subdivision_name1 = Caucasus | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Viceroyalty | total_type = Total }} The '''Kuban ''oblast'''''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{Langx|ru|Куба́нская о́бласть|translit=Kubánskaya óblast|label=Russian}}|{{langx|uk|Кубанська область|Kubanska oblast}}}}}} was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of the Crimean Khanate and the land of the Circassians. It was dissolved upon the assumption of supreme authority by the Kuban Rada in 1917 and the independence of the Kuban People's Republic in 1918. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinodar (present-day Krasnodar).{{sfn|Tsutsiev|2014}}
==Administrative divisions== The Cossack districts (''otdels'') of the Kuban ''oblast'' in 1917 were as follows:<ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=222–229}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Name ! colspan="3" |Administrative centre and the largest city ! colspan="2" |Population ! rowspan="2" |Area |- ! !1897<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_gub_97.php?reg=65 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> !1916<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |title=Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год |language=ru}}</ref> !1897 !1916 |- |Batalpashinsky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Баталпашинскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Batalpashinskaya (Cherkessk) |11,473 | --- | align="right" |215,400 | align="right" |298,208 |{{Convert|15328.05|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- | rowspan="2" |Yeysky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Ейскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Yeysk |35,414 |44,765 | rowspan="2" align="right" |277,300 | rowspan="2" align="right" |384,846 | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|12127.84|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |Umanskaya (Leningradskaya) |11,137 | --- |- |Yekaterinodarsky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Екатеринодарскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) |65,606 |103,624 | align="right" |245,173 | align="right" |371,788 |{{Convert|7357.78|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |Kavkazsky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Кавказскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Kavkazskaya |8,293 | --- | align="right" |249,182 | align="right" |462,235 |{{Convert|13941.40|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |Labinsky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Лабинскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Armavir |18,113 |46,873 | align="right" |305,733 | align="right" |518,774 |{{Convert|5919.94|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |Maykopsky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Майкопскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Maykop |34,327 |54,762 | align="right" |283,117 | align="right" |468,453 |{{Convert|14435.76|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- | rowspan="2" |Tamansky otdel ({{Langx|ru|Таманскій отдѣлъ|label=none}}) |Slavyanskaya (Slavyansk-na-Kubani) |15,167 | --- | rowspan="2" align="right" |342,976 | rowspan="2" align="right" |518,379 | rowspan="2" |{{Convert|14173.84|verst2|km2 mi2|lk=on}} |- |Temryuk |14,734 |20,221 |} === Structure === The militarized nature of the Kuban meant that, rather than a traditional governorate (''guberniya'') with counties (''uezds''), the territory was administered by the Kuban Cossacks as an ''oblast'' which was split into ''otdels''. Each ''otdel'' had its own ''sotnias'' which in turn would be split into ''stanitsas'' and ''khutors''. The ''ataman'' ("commander") for each region was not only responsible for the military preparation of the Cossacks, but for the local administration duties. Local ''stanitsa'' and ''khutor'' ''atamans'' were elected, but approved by the ''atamans'' of the ''otdel''. These, in turn, were appointed by the supreme ataman of the Kuban host, who was in turn appointed directly by the Russian emperor. Prior to 1870, this system of legislature in the oblast remained a robust military one and all legal decisions were carried out by the ''stanitsa ataman'' and two elected judges. Afterwards, however, the system was bureaucratized and the judicial functions were independent of the ''stanitsas''.{{Cn|date=June 2022}}
==Demographics==
thumb|right|400px|Ethnic groups in 1897; yellow represents Ukrainians and red, Russians {{in lang|uk}}
=== Russian Empire Census === According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kuban ''oblast'' had a population of 1,918,881 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 973,023 men and 945,858 women. The plurality of the population indicated Ukrainian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Russian speaking minority.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=414|title = Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Linguistic composition of the Kuban ''oblast'' in 1897<ref name=":0" /> |- !Language !Native speakers !% |- |Ukrainian | align="right" |908,818 | align="right" |47.36 |- |Russian | align="right" |816,734 | align="right" |42.56 |- |Circassian | align="right" |38,488 | align="right" |2.01 |- |Karachay | align="right" |26,877 | align="right" |1.40 |- |German | align="right" |20,778 | align="right" |1.08 |- |Greek | align="right" |20,137 | align="right" |1.05 |- |Kabardian | align="right" |14,340 | align="right" |0.75 |- |Armenian | align="right" |13,926 | align="right" |0.73 |- |Abkhaz | align="right" |12,481 | align="right" |0.65 |- |Belarusian | align="right" |12,356 | align="right" |0.64 |- |Nogai | align="right" |5,880 | align="right" |0.31 |- |Romanian | align="right" |5,370 | align="right" |0.28 |- |Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} | align="right" |3,848 | align="right" |0.20 |- |Polish | align="right" |2,719 | align="right" |0.14 |- |Turkish | align="right" |2,187 | align="right" |0.11 |- |Ossetian | align="right" |1,973 | align="right" |0.10 |- |Jewish | align="right" |1,942 | align="right" |0.10 |- |Romani | align="right" |1,753 | align="right" |0.09 |- |Mordovian | align="right" |1,494 | align="right" |0.08 |- |Czech | align="right" |1,213 | align="right" |0.06 |- |Georgian | align="right" |917 | align="right" |0.05 |- |Estonian | align="right" |880 | align="right" |0.05 |- |Latvian | align="right" |848 | align="right" |0.04 |- |Kyurin | align="right" |615 | align="right" |0.03 |- |Kalmyk | align="right" |378 | align="right" |0.02 |- |Bulgarian | align="right" |322 | align="right" |0.02 |- |Persian | align="right" |252 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Lithuanian | align="right" |238 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Kumyk | align="right" |205 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Kazi-Kumukh | align="right" |175 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Bashkir | align="right" |138 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Avar-Andean | align="right" |127 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Other | align="right" |472 | align="right" |0.02 |- !TOTAL !1,918,881 !100.00 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Religious composition of the Kuban ''oblast'' in 1897<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_rel_97.php?reg=92 |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Faith ! rowspan="2" |Male ! rowspan="2" |Female ! colspan="2" |Both |- !Number !% |- |Eastern Orthodox | align="right" |884,028 | align="right" |863,291 | align="right" |1,747,319 | align="right" |91.06 |- |Muslim | align="right" |53,199 | align="right" |49,721 | align="right" |102,920 | align="right" |5.36 |- |Old Believer | align="right" |12,363 | align="right" |12,580 | align="right" |24,943 | align="right" |1.30 |- |Lutheran | align="right" |8,559 | align="right" |8,182 | align="right" |16,741 | align="right" |0.87 |- |Armenian Apostolic | align="right" |7,997 | align="right" |6,653 | align="right" |14,650 | align="right" |0.76 |- |Roman Catholic | align="right" |4,413 | align="right" |3,121 | align="right" |7,534 | align="right" |0.39 |- |Judaism | align="right" |1,084 | align="right" |1,021 | align="right" |2,105 | align="right" |0.11 |- |Mennonite | align="right" |567 | align="right" |580 | align="right" |1,147 | align="right" |0.06 |- |Reformed | align="right" |425 | align="right" |409 | align="right" |834 | align="right" |0.04 |- |Buddhist | align="right" |194 | align="right" |161 | align="right" |355 | align="right" |0.02 |- |Armenian Catholic | align="right" |104 | align="right" |39 | align="right" |143 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Karaite | align="right" |42 | align="right" |49 | align="right" |91 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Baptist | align="right" |33 | align="right" |43 | align="right" |76 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Other Christian denomination | align="right" |10 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |0.00 |- |Other non-Christian denomination | align="right" |5 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |0.00 |- !TOTAL !973,023 !945,858 !1,918,881 !100.00 |}
=== ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' ===
[[File:Map of Kuban Oblast (1916).jpg|thumb|250px|A 1916 map of Kuban Oblast with the neighboring Black Sea Governorate and part of Sukhumi Okrug {{in lang|ru}}.]]
According to the 1917 publication of ''Kavkazskiy kalendar'', the Kuban ''oblast'' had a population of 3,022,683 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 1,523,057 men and 1,499,626 women, 1,870,280 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,152,403 were temporary residents.{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=222–229}} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Nationality ! colspan="2" |Urban ! colspan="2" |Rural ! colspan="2" |TOTAL |- !Number !% !Number !% !Number !% |- |Russians | align="right" |257,675 | align="right" |89.50 | align="right" |2,561,356 | align="right" |93.66 | align="right" |2,819,031 | align="right" |93.26 |- |North Caucasians | align="right" |674 | align="right" |0.23 | align="right" |132,997 | align="right" |4.86 | align="right" |133,671 | align="right" |4.42 |- |Other Europeans | align="right" |10,098 | align="right" |3.51 | align="right" |20,667 | align="right" |0.76 | align="right" |30,765 | align="right" |1.02 |- |Armenians | align="right" |15,557 | align="right" |5.40 | align="right" |9,014 | align="right" |0.33 | align="right" |24,571 | align="right" |0.81 |- |Sunni Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Turco-Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |1,144 | align="right" |0.40 | align="right" |5,292 | align="right" |0.19 | align="right" |6,436 | align="right" |0.21 |- |Asiatic Christians | align="right" |390 | align="right" |0.14 | align="right" |3,270 | align="right" |0.12 | align="right" |3,660 | align="right" |0.12 |- |Jews | align="right" |1,180 | align="right" |0.41 | align="right" |1,173 | align="right" |0.04 | align="right" |2,353 | align="right" |0.08 |- |Georgians | align="right" |766 | align="right" |0.27 | align="right" |230 | align="right" |0.01 | align="right" |996 | align="right" |0.03 |- |Shia Muslims{{Efn|Primarily Tatars.{{sfn|Hovannisian|1971|p=67}}}} | align="right" |94 | align="right" |0.03 | align="right" |720 | align="right" |0.03 | align="right" |814 | align="right" |0.03 |- |Roma | align="right" |278 | align="right" |0.10 | align="right" |63 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |341 | align="right" |0.01 |- |Kurds | align="right" |45 | align="right" |0.02 | align="right" |0 | align="right" |0.00 | align="right" |45 | align="right" |0.00 |- !TOTAL !287,901 !100.00 !2,734,782 !100.00 !3,022,683 !100.00 |}
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
== Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} *{{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}} *{{Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia|volume=1}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}} *{{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}} *{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}} {{Refend}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}} {{Caucasus Viceroyalty}} {{coord|45|02|N|38|58|E|source:eswiki_type:adm1st|display=title}}
Category:Kuban oblast Category:Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) Category:Oblasts of the Russian Empire Category:History of Kuban Category:States and territories established in 1860 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1917 Category:1860 establishments in the Russian Empire Category:1917 disestablishments in Russia Category:Governorates of the Caucasus