{{Short description|Australian researcher}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}} {{Infobox person | name = Kate Crawford | image = Kate Crawford in 2025 05.jpg | alt = red head woman | caption = Crawford in 2025 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1974}} | birth_place = | other_names = | occupation = Academic | known_for = Writer, academic, researcher }} '''Kate Crawford''' (born 1974)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Crawford, Kate, 1974- {{!}} NLA|url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog?q=%22Crawford%2C+Kate%2C+1974-%22&search_field=author|access-date=2023-09-21|website=The National Library of Australia|language=en}}</ref> is an Australian researcher, writer and academic who studies the social and political implications of artificial intelligence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=5 Women at the Forefront of Next-Gen Innovation |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/women-forefront-next-gen-innovation |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Architectural Digest |language=en-US}}</ref> She is based in New York and works as a principal researcher at Microsoft Research (Social Media Collective).<ref name="MSR" /> She is the co-founder and former director of research at the AI Now Institute at NYU,<ref>{{cite news |title=Studying Artificial Intelligence At New York University |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/11/26/566566932/studying-artificial-intelligence-at-new-york-university |accessdate=19 July 2018 |publisher=NPR |date=26 November 2017}}</ref> former visiting professor at the MIT Center for Civic Media,<ref name="MIT" /> previous senior fellow at the Information Law Institute at NYU,<ref name="NYU" /> and former associate professor in the Journalism and Media Research Centre at the University of New South Wales.<ref name="UNSW" /><ref name="Harvard" /> She is also a member of the WEF's Global Agenda Council on Data-Driven Development.<ref name="WEF" />
Crawford’s research focuses on social change and media technologies, particularly on the intersection of humans, mobile devices, and social networks. Her research examines how AI affects various aspects of human life, such as gender, race, and economic status. She argues that AI systems are not neutral or objective, but rather reflect and reinforce existing systems of power and inequality. She also explores the environmental and ethical impacts of AI, as well as the historical and cultural contexts of its development.<ref name=":0" /> She has published on cultures of technology use and the way media histories inform the present, and has exhibited creative works in music and art at museums such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.<ref name="MobilityShifts" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
== Background == Crawford was previously part of the Canberra electronic music duo B(if)tek (along with Nicole Skeltys) and released three albums between 1998 and 2003.<ref name="Clan Analogue" /><ref name="Dark Network" /> Crawford co-founded the Sydney-based Deluxe Mood Recordings record label<ref name="FORA.tv" /> and is a member of the Clan Analogue music collective.<ref name="Clan Analogue" />
As a writer Crawford has written for ''The Sydney Morning Herald''<ref name="SMH" /> and Foreign Policy.<ref name="Foreign Policy" /> She was a Fellow of the Centre for Policy Development<ref name="CAPA" /> and in March 2008 she was selected as one of 1000 Australians to attend the Australia 2020 Summit in Canberra on 19–20 April 2008.<ref name="2020SummitParticipants" />
She is a member of the feminist collective Deep Lab.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Wendy Syfret|title=exploring feminist hacktivism with deep lab|url=https://i-d.co/article/exploring-feminist-hacktivism-with-deep-lab/|website=i-d.vice.com|publisher=i-d Vice|access-date=27 June 2016|language=English|date=20 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.deeplab.net/aboutus/|website=deeplab.net|accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref>
In 2017 Crawford established the research institute AI Now Institute with Meredith Whittaker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://ainowinstitute.org/about.html |access-date=2018-07-08 |website=ainowinstitute.org |language=en-US |archive-date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230622/https://ainowinstitute.org/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is associated with New York University Tandon School of Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People |url=https://ainowinstitute.org/people.html |access-date=2018-07-08 |website=ainowinstitute.org |language=en-US |archive-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423041951/https://ainowinstitute.org/people.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2019 she was the inaugural holder of the AI & Justice visiting chair at École Normale Supérieure in Paris, in partnership with the Fondation Abeona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fondation-abeona.org/programs/chair-abeona-ens-obvia/|title=Chair on AI and Social Justice|publisher=Fondation Abeona|accessdate=2012-09-09 |language=}}</ref>
== Work == [[File:Kate Crawford @ SXSW 2019 (46438155835).jpg|thumb|Crawford at SXSW 2019]] === Writing and speaking === Crawford has a PhD from the University of Sydney. In 2006, her book based on her doctoral dissertation, ''Adult Themes – Rewriting the Rules of Adulthood'',<ref name="AdultThemes" /> won the individual category of the Manning Clark National Cultural Award<ref name="ManningClarkHouse" /><ref name="TheAustralian" /> and in 2008 she received the then biennial Max Crawford Medal for outstanding scholarship from the Australian Academy of the Humanities.<ref name="CrawfordMedal" />
Crawford has spoken and published academic papers on such topics as social media,<ref name="IJC" /><ref name="AlwaysWithMe" /><ref name="HA" /><ref name="MA" /> government regulation of media content,<ref name="IJTPL" /> the interplay between gender and mobile devices,<ref name="FMS" /> young people and sexting,<ref name="Continuum" /> and big data.<ref name="ICS" /> She has given keynote addresses at venues such as the 2013 O'Reilly Strata Conference<ref name="Strata" /> and the 2013 DataEDGE conference hosted by the University of California, Berkeley School of Information.<ref name="DataEDGE" /><ref name="BitsBlog" /> She co-authored a book titled ''Understanding the Internet: Language, Technology, Media, and Power'' in 2014.<ref name="Chesher" />
She published a book ''Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence'' through Yale University Press in 2021.<ref name="Yale University Press">{{cite web |title=Yale University Press |url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209570/atlas-ai |website=Yale Books |publisher=Yale University |access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Crawford |first=Kate |title=Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence |date=2021-04-06 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-20957-0 |location=New Haven London |language=English}}</ref> Her article, "Artificial Intelligence Is Misreading Human Emotion",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crawford |first=Kate |date=2021-04-27 |title=Artificial Intelligence Is Misreading Human Emotion |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/04/artificial-intelligence-misreading-human-emotion/618696/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> was shortlisted for The Bragg UNSW Press Prize for Science Writing in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Announcing the UNSW Press Bragg Prize for Science Writing 2022 Shortlist & Student Prize Winner |url=https://unsw.press/news/announcing-the-unsw-press-bragg-prize-for-science-writing-2022-shortlist-student-prize-winner/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=UNSW Press |language=en-AU}}</ref>
Crawford was an inaugural Cybernetic Imagination Resident from 2022-2023 and spoke at the launch of this program.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cybernetics |first=ANU School of |date=2023-04-28 |title=Cybernetic Imagination Residency Program Launch |url=https://cybernetics.anu.edu.au/news/2023/04/28/Cybernetics-Imagination-Residency-Program-Launch/#:~:text=Here%E2%80%99s%20a%20short%20photo-essay%20to%20experience |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=ANU School of Cybernetics |language=en-AU}}</ref> She completed a collaborative research-art project, ''[https://calculatingempires.net/about.html Calculating Empires: A Genealogy of Technology and Power since 1500]'' in this time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Calculating Empires |url=https://cybernetics.anu.edu.au/projects/calculating-empires/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=ANU School of Cybernetics |language=en-AU}}</ref>
=== Art projects ===
* '''Anatomy of an AI System''': a large-scale map and essay that is intended to reveal the material, human, and ecological costs of the Amazon Echo device. It was created in collaboration with artist Vladan Joler and won the Beazley Design of the Year Award in 2019. It is in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Crawford |url=http://annenberg.usc.edu/faculty/kate-crawford |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=annenberg.usc.edu |language=en}}</ref> * '''Training Humans''': In collaboration with artist and photographer Trevor Paglen, images used to train AI systems were exhibited at the Prada Foundation, Milan in 2019. This was intended to show that AI systems are subject to bias, can reflect existing systems of power, and may reinforce inequality.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rea |first=Naomi |date=2019-09-23 |title=How ImageNet Roulette, a Viral Art Project That Exposed Facial Recognition's Biases, Is Changing Minds About AI |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/imagenet-roulette-trevor-paglen-kate-crawford-1658305 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}}</ref> The exhibition was criticised for making use of facial images without informed consent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leibowicz |first1=Claire R. |last2=Saltz |first2=Emily |last3=Coleman |first3=Lia |date=2021 |title=Creating AI Art Responsibly: A Field Guide for Artists |journal=Revista Diseña|issue=19 |doi=10.7764/disena.19.Article.5 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite conference |url=https://2022.xcoax.org/pdf/xcoax2022-grba.pdf |title= Lures of Engagement: An Outlook on Tactical AI Art |first= Dejan |last= Grba |year= 2022 |conference= xCoAx 2022 10th Conference on Computation, Communication, Aesthetics & X |conference-url=https://2022.xCoAx.org |location= Coimbra, Portugal |doi= 10.24840/xCoAx_2022_39 |access-date= 2023-09-18 |language= en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/critical-dataset-and-machine-learning-art/ |last1=Grønneberg |first1=Hanna L. |last2=Alacovska |first2=Ana |date=2023 |title=Critical Dataset and Machine Learning Art |journal=Morals & Machines |issue=2.2 |doi=10.5771/2747-5174-2022-2-22 |language=en |doi-access=free }}</ref> * '''Calculating''' '''Empires: A''' '''Genealogy''' '''of''' '''Technology''' '''and''' '''Power''' '''since''' '''1500''': is a large-scale visualization that maps the co-evolution of technological and societal systems, created in collaboration with artist Vladan Joler.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calculating Empires: A Genealogy of Technology and Power since 1500 |url=https://calculatingempires.net/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=calculatingempires.net}}</ref> In 2024 this work won the European Commission's Grand Prize in Artistic Exploration<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calculating Empires: A Genealogy of Power and Technology, 1500-2025 – S+T+ARTS Prize |date=24 June 2024 |url=https://ars.electronica.art/starts-prize/en/calculating-empires/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> and was exhibited at the Jeu de Paume in Paris in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santana |first=Kirsten Kate |date=2025-04-21 |title="Le Monde selon l'IA": Art Explores Artificial Intelligence at Jeu de Paume |url=https://www.houseofsolo.co.uk/le-monde-selon-lia/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=House of Solo Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> In May 2025, Calculating Empires received the Silver Lion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=Biennale Architettura 2025 {{!}} The awards of the Biennale Architettura 2025 |url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/news/awards-biennale-architettura-2025 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=La Biennale di Venezia |language=en}}</ref><ref name="i447">{{cite web |date=2025-04-29 |title=Calculating Empires: A Genealogy of Technology and Power Since 1500 |url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/architecture/2025/artificial/calculating-empires-genealogy-technology-and-power-1500 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=La Biennale di Venezia}}</ref>
==References== <references>
<ref name="MSR">{{cite web|title=Kate Crawford – Microsoft Research|url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/kate/|publisher=Microsoft Research|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="MIT">{{cite web|title=Kate Crawford {{!}} MIT Center for Civic Media|url=http://civic.mit.edu/users/kate-crawford|publisher=MIT|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823100732/http://civic.mit.edu/users/kate-crawford|archive-date=23 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="NYU">{{cite web|title=NYU Law – Information Law Institute: People|url=http://www.law.nyu.edu/centers/ili/people/index.htm|publisher=New York University School of Law|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="UNSW">{{cite web|title=JMRC Staff|url=http://jmrc.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/kate-crawford-546.html|publisher=University of New South Wales|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120206103655/http://jmrc.arts.unsw.edu.au/staff/kate-crawford-546.html|archive-date=6 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="TheAustralian">{{cite news|last=Allington|first=Patrick|title=Adult Themes / NEO Power|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/adult-themes-neo-power/story-e6frg8no-1111112410159|accessdate=31 May 2013|newspaper=The Australian|date=28 October 2006}}</ref> <ref name="Dark Network">{{cite web|title=Dark Network|url=http://www.darkwork.net/index.php?fuseaction=about|publisher=Dark Network|accessdate=31 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901122320/http://darkwork.net/index.php?fuseaction=about|archivedate=1 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref name="FORA.tv">{{cite web|title=Kate Crawford – FORA.tv Speaker|url=http://fora.tv/speaker/5981/Kate_Crawford|publisher=FORA.tv|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201183710/http://fora.tv/speaker/5981/Kate_Crawford|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref> <ref name="Clan Analogue">{{cite web|title=B(if)tek {{!}} Clan Analogue|date=6 April 2010 |url=http://www.clananalogue.org/artists/biftek/|publisher=Clan Analogue|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="MobilityShifts">{{cite web|title=Mobility Shifts :: Kate Crawford|url=http://mobilityshifts.org/conference/participants/keynotes/kate-crawford/|publisher=The New School|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Harvard">{{cite web|title=Kate Crawford on Mobile Social Media and Attention {{!}} Berkman Center|url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/interactive/events/luncheon/2010/08/crawford|publisher=Berkman Center for Internet & Society|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603081433/http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/interactive/events/luncheon/2010/08/crawford|archive-date=3 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SMH">{{cite news|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=Is big data all it's cracked up to be?|url=http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/business-it/is-big-data-all-its-cracked-up-to-be-20130513-2jh55.html|accessdate=31 May 2013|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Foreign Policy">{{cite news|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=Think Again: Big Data Why the rise of machines isn't all it's cracked up to be|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/05/09/think_again_big_data|accessdate=31 May 2013|newspaper=Foreign Policy|date=9 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="CAPA">{{cite web|title=Communicating your Research|url=http://www.capa.edu.au/roadshows/2009/communicatingresearch|publisher=Council of Australian Postgraduate Associations|accessdate=31 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315151619/http://www.capa.edu.au/roadshows/2009/communicatingresearch|archivedate=15 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref name="2020SummitParticipants">{{cite web|title=Australia 2020 Summit – Alphabetical list of delegates |url=http://www.australia2020.gov.au/docs/2020_participants_alphabetical.pdf |publisher=Australia 2020 Summit |accessdate=31 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724060654/http://www.australia2020.gov.au/docs/2020_participants_alphabetical.pdf |archivedate=24 July 2012 }}</ref> <ref name="CrawfordMedal">{{cite web|title=Crawford Medal|url=http://www.humanities.org.au/Grants/CrawfordMedal.aspx|publisher=Australian Academy of the Humanities|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418012853/http://www.humanities.org.au/Grants/CrawfordMedal.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AdultThemes">{{cite book|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=Adult Themes – Rewriting the Rules of Adulthood|year=2006|publisher=Pan Macmillan|location=Australia|isbn=9781405037389|url=http://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781742625188/}}</ref> <ref name="ManningClarkHouse">{{cite web|title=Previous years winners {{!}} Manning Clark House|url=http://manningclark.org.au/content/previous-years-winners|publisher=Manning Clark House|accessdate=31 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527221132/http://manningclark.org.au/content/previous-years-winners|archivedate=27 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="IJC">{{cite journal|last=Evers|first=Clifton Westley|author2=Kath Albury |author3=Paul Byron |author4=Kate Crawford |title=Young People, Social Media, Social Network Sites and Sexual Health Communication in Australia: "This is Funny, You Should Watch It|journal=International Journal of Communication|year=2013|volume=7|pages=263–280|url=http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1106/853|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="AlwaysWithMe">{{cite web|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=Always with me: how mobile and social media are changing us|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4s1nxbAvZO4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/4s1nxbAvZO4 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|work=So, What? Public lectures in contemporary humanities and social sciences|date=October 2010 |publisher=University of New South Wales|accessdate=31 May 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> <ref name="HA">{{cite journal|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=What's Happening? Banality and Intimacy in Mobile and Social Media|journal=Humanities Australia|year=2010|issue=1|pages=64–70|url=http://www.humanities.org.au/Portals/0/documents/Publications/HumanitiesAustralia/Issue_1/txt/HumAust_1.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922215647/http://www.humanities.org.au/Portals/0/documents/Publications/HumanitiesAustralia/Issue_1/txt/HumAust_1.pdf|archive-date=22 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="MA">{{cite journal|last=Goggin|first=Gerard|author2=Kate Crawford|title=Moveable Types: Youth and the Emergence of Mobile Social Media in Australia|journal=Media Asia|year=2010|volume=37|issue=4|pages=224–231|url=http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/48153/1/IDL-48153.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523061233/http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/48153/1/IDL-48153.pdf|archive-date=23 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="IJTPL">{{cite journal|last=Crawford|first=Kate|author2=Catharine Lumby|title=Networks of Governance: Users, Platforms, and the Challenges of Networked Media Regulation|journal=International Journal of Technology Policy and Law|year=2013|volume=2|issue=1|ssrn=2246772}}</ref> <ref name="FMS">{{cite journal|last=Tacchi|first=Jo |author2=Kathi R. Kitner |author3=Kate Crawford|title=Meaningful Mobility: Gender, Development and Mobile Phones|journal=Feminist Media Studies|year=2012|volume=12|issue=4|pages=528–537|doi=10.1080/14680777.2012.741869}}</ref> <ref name="Continuum">{{cite journal|last=Albury|first=Kath|author2=Kate Crawford|title=Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond Megan's Story|journal=Continuum|year=2012|volume=26|issue=3|pages=463–473|doi=10.1080/10304312.2012.665840}}</ref> <ref name="ICS">{{cite journal|last=boyd|first=danah|author2=Kate Crawford|title=Critical Questions for Big Data|journal=Information, Communication & Society|year=2012|volume=15|issue=5|pages=662–679|doi=10.1080/1369118X.2012.678878|hdl=10983/1320|hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Strata">{{cite web|last=Crawford|first=Kate|title=Algorithmic Illusions: Hidden Biases of Big Data|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irP5RCdpilc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/irP5RCdpilc |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|work=Strata Conference: Making Data Work|date=28 February 2013 |publisher=O'Reilly|accessdate=31 May 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> <ref name="DataEDGE">{{cite web|title=Schedule – DataEDGE Conference|url=http://dataedge.ischool.berkeley.edu/2013/schedule|publisher=University of California, Berkeley School of Information|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="BitsBlog">{{cite news|last=Hardy|first=Quentin|title=Why Big Data Is Not Truth|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/why-big-data-is-not-truth/|accessdate=1 June 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 June 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Chesher">{{cite book|last=Chris Chesher|first=Kate Crawford, and Anne Dunn|title=Understanding The Internet: Language, Technology, Media, Power|year=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=9781403947420|url=http://www.palgravemacmillan.com.au/palgrave/onix/isbn/9781403947420}}</ref> <ref name="WEF">{{cite web|title=Global Agenda Council on Data-Driven Development 2014-2016 |url=http://www.weforum.org/content/global-agenda-council-data-driven-development-2014-2016-0|accessdate=19 November 2015}}</ref>
</references>
==External links== {{cc}} * {{official website|http://www.katecrawford.net/}} * [http://www.biftek.com B(if)tek Official Site]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crawford, Kate}} Category:Living people Category:Australian non-fiction writers Category:Writers from Sydney Category:Scientific American people Category:Academic staff of the University of New South Wales Category:1976 births Category:Australian political philosophers Category:Women cyberneticists Category:Artificial intelligence ethicists Category:Philosophers of technology