{{short description|American-born naval commander for Argentina, Chile & Uruguay (1805-1864)}} {{Infobox military person | name = Jonas Halstead Coe | image = John Halstead Coe.png | caption = Commodore Jonas Halstead Coe | birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1805|9|21}} | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1864|10|30|1805|9|21}} | birth_place = Springfield, New Jersey<br>United States | death_place = Buenos Aires, Argentina | burial_place = La Recoleta cemetery | burial_label = | burial_coordinates = | nickname = Juan Coe | birth_name = | allegiance = Chile<br>Argentina<br>Uruguay | branch = Chilean Navy<br>Argentine Navy<br>Uruguayan Navy | service_years = 1824-1853 | rank = Commodore | service_number = | unit = | commands = | battles = Peruvian War of Independence<br>Cisplatine War<br>Uruguayan Civil War<br>Argentine Civil Wars | battles_label = | awards = | relations = | other_work = | signature = | spouse = {{marriage|Trinidad Balcarce|1828}} }}
'''Jonas Halstead Coe''' (September 21, 1805 – October 30, 1864), sometimes given in Spanish as '''Comodoro Juan Coe''', was an American-born naval commander, notable in the early naval history of Argentina and Uruguay.
==Early years== Coe was born in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey, in 1805.<ref>Martínez Montero, Homero (1977). ''Armada Nacional: Estudio Histórico y Biográfico''. República Oriental del Uruguay, p. 112 {{in lang|es}}</ref>
== Service history == ===In Peruvian waters=== In 1824, at the age of 18, Coe joined the Chilean fleet, then commanded by Lord Cochrane, and served on board the brig ''Protector'' during the Peruvian War of Independence.<ref>Martínez Montero, Homero (1977). ''Armada Nacional: Estudio Histórico y Biográfico''. República Oriental del Uruguay, p. 112 {{in lang|es}}</ref>
===Cisplatine War=== Serving as an officer in the Argentine fleet under Admiral William Brown, he achieved distinction in the battles of Juncal and Monte Santiago in the Cisplatine War that led to the Uruguayan independence in 1828.<ref name=histar/>
===Service in the Uruguayan Navy=== After the war with Brazil, he moved to Montevideo and became a partisan of Fructuoso Rivera and the Colorado Party.<ref name=histar/>
At the beginning of the Uruguayan Civil War, he was given the rank of commodore and placed in command over the fledgling Uruguayan Navy's ''Escuadra Oriental'', consisting of the flagship ''Cagancha''; the corvettes ''Constitución'', ''Sarandi'', and ''25 de Mayo''; the brig ''Pereyra''; and the schooner ''General Rivera''.
Although Brown's fleet{{clarification needed|date=March 2016}} was of similar size, Coe remained in harbor at Montevideo under the protection of the shore batteries for two months. On May 24, 1841, thinking Brown's forces to be scattered, he sailed out of the harbor only to be forced to retreat back in at dusk. He remained in harbor until August 3, when the Battle of Santa Lucía River saw the ''General Rivera'' sunk. In his third engagement on December 9, the Argentine brig ''Belgrano'' captured the ''Cagancha'' and all her crew.<ref name=histar>[http://www.histarmar.com.ar/InfHistorica/Garibaldi/contextohistorico.htm ''Historia y Arqueologia Marítima''] -''Garibaldi: Combate de Costa Brava'' {{in lang|es}}</ref>
Following these reverses, President Rivera appointed Italian skipper Giuseppe Garibaldi to the rank of colonel and created the command of the ''2ª División de la Escuadra Oriental'', transferring most of Coe's ships to the new fleet. The new unit achieved some success before being routed by Admiral Brown in the battle of Costa Brava, on the Paraná River.<ref name=histar/>
After this, the war simply became a siege of Montevideo, with Argentina and the Blancos in control of the sea, but the supply to the port was granted by Britain.
===Return to Argentina=== With the war in Uruguay over and Rosas overthrown in Argentina, Coe was appointed by Justo José de Urquiza commander of the Confederation fleet which blockaded the city in the {{ill|vertical-align=sup|siege of Buenos Aires|es|Sitio de Buenos Aires}} after the Province seceded from the central government, becoming the State of Buenos Aires in September 1852. Coe, aboard the steamer ''Constitución'', defeated a Buenos Aires flotilla 30 miles off Martín García island on April 18, 1853, when his squadron captured the enemy brigs ''Enigma'' and ''11 de Septiembre'' with 22 officers and 200 men.<ref>Foltz, Charles Steinman (1931). ''Surgeon of the seas: the adventurous life of Surgeon General Jonathan M. Foltz in the days of wooden ships, told from his notes of the moment''. The Bobbs-Merrill company, pp. 161-162</ref> On June 26, however, Coe deserted to the United States aboard the American sloop USS ''Jamestown'' after being bribed by Buenos Aires' citizens.<ref name=turncoat/><ref>Duyckinck, Evert Augustus (1869). ''History of the world from the earliest period to the present time''. Johnson, Fry, p. 513</ref>
==Personal life== On July 7, 1828, Coe married Trinidad Balcarce, daughter of Argentine General Juan Ramon Balcarce and Trinidad García Balcarce, in Buenos Aires.<ref name=turncoat>[http://www.lagazeta.com.ar/coe.htm La Traición de Jonas Halstead Coe] {{in lang|es}}</ref> The couple's first child, Dolores Coe Balcarce, was born in 1830.<ref>[http://genealogiafamiliar.net/getperson.php?personID=I166697&tree=BVCZ Dolores Coe Balcarce]</ref>
==Death and legacy== Coe eventually returned to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he died on October 30, 1864, the father of ten children. His remains were buried at the family's grave in La Recoleta cemetery.<ref>Pérez Calvo, Lucio Ricardo (2008).''Norteamericanos en la Argentina''. Pérez Calvo, p. 143. {{ISBN|9870553478}} {{in lang|es}}</ref> He is the namesake of the ROU ''Comodoro Coe'' (07), a French-designed Vigilante-class patrol boat of the Uruguayan Navy commissioned in 1981.<ref>[http://www.histarmar.com.ar/ArmadasExtranjeras/Uruguay/AROU-Buques/07-ComodoroCoe.htm ROU 07 "Comodoro Coe "] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
==References== === Notes === {{reflist}} === Bibliography === {{expand section|date=March 2016}}
==External links== * [http://www.histarmar.com.ar/InfHistorica/Garibaldi/contextohistorico.htm ''Historia y Arqueologia Marítima''] - ''Garibaldi: Combate de Costa Brava'' {{in lang|es}} * [http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=carlrcoe&id=I5704 Jonas Halstead Coe] at RootsWeb
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coe, Jonas}} Category:1805 births Category:1864 deaths
Category:Sailors from New Jersey Category:Military history of Uruguay Category:Uruguayan Navy officers Category:American emigrants to Argentina Category:Immigrants to Uruguay Category:People of the Cisplatine War Category:American expatriates in Chile Category:19th-century American sailors Category:Argentine Navy officers Category:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery Category:People from Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey Category:People of the Peruvian War of Independence Category:American expatriates in Argentina