Ivar Backlund

{{Short description|Swedish Army officer (1892–1969)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = | name = Ivar Backlund | image = Överste Gustav Ivar Backlund år 1944.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Backlund as colonel in 1944. | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Gustav Ivar Backlund | nickname = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|2|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Gothenburg, Sweden | death_date = {{Death date and age|1969|7|5|1892|2|14|df=y}} | death_place = Stockholm, Sweden | burial_place = | burial_label = | burial_coordinates =  | allegiance = Sweden | branch = Swedish Army | service_years = 1912–1957 | rank = Lieutenant General | service_number =  | unit = | commands = {{bulleted list|Dalarna Regiment|Boden Fortress|Chief of the Army Staff|General Staff Corps|VII Military District|Swedish National Defence College}} | battles = | battles_label = | awards = | memorials = | spouse =  | relations = | other_work = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | website =  | module = }}

Lieutenant General '''Gustav ''Ivar'' Backlund''' (14 February 1892 – 5 July 1969) was a senior Swedish Army officer. Backlund began his military career in 1912, rising to the rank of captain by 1924. He held various roles, including adjutant to the Ministry of Defence and teacher at the Artillery and Engineering College. Promoted to colonel in 1939, he became the regimental commander of the Dalarna Regiment. In 1944, Backlund served as Commandant in Boden Fortress and held a key role in the IV Military District from 1944 to 1946. He achieved the rank of major general in 1946 and served as Chief of the Army Staff until 1948. Later, he became the military commander of the VII Military District until 1955 and headed the Swedish National Defence College until 1956, retiring as a lieutenant general in 1957.

==Early life== Backlund was born on 14 February 1892 in Gothenburg, Sweden, the son of Anders Backlund, a phytosanitary inspector, and his wife Thérese Floberg.<ref name="Harnesk (1962), p. 82">{{cite book |editor1-last=Harnesk |editor1-first=Paul |date=1962 |title=Vem är vem? 1, Stor-Stockholm |trans-title=Who's Who? 1, Greater Stockholm |edition=2nd |location=Stockholm |publisher=Vem är vem |language=sv |id={{LIBRIS|53509}} |url=https://runeberg.org/vemarvem/sthlm62/0106.html |page=82}}</ref> He passed ''studentexamen'' in 1909.<ref name="Svensson & Ekstedt (1955), p. 54">{{cite book |editor-last1=Svensson |editor-first1=Stina |editor-last2=Ekstedt |editor-first2=Tage |title=Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1955 |trans-title=Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1955 |year=1955 |publisher=Norstedt |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{LIBRIS|3681511}} |url=https://runeberg.org/vemardet/1955/0078.html |page=54}}</ref>

==Career== Backlund was commissioned as an officer in 1912 and was assigned with the rank of ''underlöjtnant'' to Göta Life Guards (I 2). He attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1918 to 1920 and served as captain in the General Staff in 1924. Backlund was adjutant to the head of the Ministry of Defence from 1926 to 1928 and served as a general staff officer in the ''Militärläroverksinspektionen'' from 1928 to 1933. Backlund was teacher at the Artillery and Engineering College from 1933 to 1937 and was promoted to major in 1934. He was then serving as vice chief of the Military Office of the Land Defence (''Lantförsvarets kommandoexpedition'') from 1937 to 1939 and he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1937.<ref name="Lagerström (1968), p. 56">{{cite book |editor-last=Lagerström |editor-first=Sten |year=1968 |title=Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1969 |trans-title=Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1969 |location=Stockholm |publisher=Norstedt |language=sv |id={{LIBRIS|3681519}} |url=https://runeberg.org/vemardet/1969/0072.html |page=56}}</ref>

Backlund served in Södermanland Infantry Regiment (I 10) in 1939 and the year after he was promoted to colonel and was appointed regimental commander of the Dalarna Regiment (I 13). In 1944, Backlund was appointed Commandant in Boden Fortress and he served as acting deputy military commander of the IV Military District from 1944 to 1946.<ref name="Lagerström (1968), p. 56"/> He was promoted to major general in 1946 and served as Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps from 1946 to 1948. Backlund was military commander of the VII Military District from 1 October 1948 to 31 March 1955<ref>{{cite book |last=Hammarhjelm |first=Bengt |title=Beredskap på Gotland 175 år: 1811-1986 |edition=2nd, ext., plus complementary to 2000 |year=1999 |publisher=Ödin |location=Visby |isbn=91-85716-84-7 |id={{LIBRIS|7751982}} |language=sv |page=251}}</ref> and head of the Swedish National Defence College from 1 April 1955<ref name="Svensson & Ekstedt (1955), p. 54"/> to 1956. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1957 and retired from the military.<ref name="Lagerström (1968), p. 56"/>

He became chairman of the Swedish Pistol-shooting Association (''Svenska pistolskytteförbundet'') in 1946 and the Educational Swedish Swimming Association (''Svenska livräddningssällskapet'') in 1947.<ref name="Harnesk (1962), p. 82"/>

==Personal life== In 1935, he married Margareta Troili (born 1904), the daughter of Eilert Troili, an accountant, and Gunhild Behmer.<ref name="Lagerström (1968), p. 56"/>

==Dates of rank== *1912 – ''Underlöjtnant'' *19?? – Lieutenant *1924 – Captain *1934 – Major *1937 – Lieutenant colonel *1940 – Colonel *1946 – Major general *1957 – Lieutenant general

==Awards and decorations==

===Swedish=== * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1953)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/65665/1/gupea_2077_65665_1.pdf |title=Sveriges statskalender. 1969 |editor-first=Bengt |editor-last=Sköldenberg |year=1969 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{LIBRIS|3682754}} |page=94}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (6 June 1946)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1950bih/0009.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1950 |year=1950 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=9}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Commander 2nd Class of the Order of the Sword (15 November 1943)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1945bih/0012.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1945 |year=1945 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=12}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Knight 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (1933)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1942bih/0014.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1942 |year=1942 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer|location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=14}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Knight of the Order of the Polar Star (1939)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1955/1337.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1955 |year=1955 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=69}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Knight 1st Class of the Order of Vasa (1928)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1955/1417.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1955 |year=1955 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=149}}</ref> * 50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Medal for Noble Deeds (''För medborgerlig förtjänst'') in gold<ref name="Harnesk (1962), p. 82"/>

===Foreign=== * 50px {{flagicon|Finland}} Commander of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (between 1940 and 1942)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1942), p. 294">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1942/0294.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1942 |year=1942 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer|location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=294}}</ref><ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1942), p. 310">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1942/0310.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1942 |year=1942 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer|location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=310}}</ref> * 50px {{flagicon|Finland}} Commander Second Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (between 1935 and 1940)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1942), p. 294"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1935 |year=1935 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=353}}</ref> * 50px {{flagicon|Finland}} Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland (between 1947 and 1950)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1947/0111.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1947 |year=1947 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=111}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1950/0319.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1950 |year=1950 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=319}}</ref> * 50px {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} 1st Class of the Order of the German Eagle (1942)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1942), p. 310"/><ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1943), p. ?">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXM5AQAAIAAJ&q=editions:LCCN07016334&pg=RA1-PA3 |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1943 |year=1943 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=299}}</ref>  * 50px {{flagicon|Belgium}} Knight of the Order of Leopold (between 1925 and 1928)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1925/0237.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1925 |year=1925 |publisher=Almqvist & Wiksell |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=230}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för året 1928 |year=1928 |publisher=Almqvist & Wiksell |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=232}}</ref>

==Honours== *Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1938)<ref name="Lagerström (1968), p. 56"/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box | title = Dalarna Regiment | years = 1940–1944 | before = Anders Andén | after = Olof Häger }} {{Succession box | title = Commandant in Boden Fortress | years = 1944–1946 | before = Gustaf Dyrssen | after = Sven Erik Allstrin }} {{Succession box | title = Chief of the Army Staff<br>General Staff Corps | years = 1946–1948 | before = Hugo Gadd | after = Viking Tamm }} {{Succession box | title = VII Military District | years = 1948–1955 | before = Samuel Åkerhielm | after = Thord Bonde }} {{Succession box | title = Swedish National Defence College | years = 1955–1956 | before = Thord Bonde | after = Gustaf Adolf Westring }} {{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Backlund, Ivar}} Category:1892 births Category:1969 deaths Category:Swedish Army lieutenant generals Category:Military personnel from Gothenburg Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Category:Knights of the Order of the Polar Star Category:Knights First Class of the Order of Vasa

Ivar Backlund

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