{{short description|Combined military forces of Indonesia}} {{EngvarB|date=December 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox national military | name = Indonesian National Armed Forces | native_name = {{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}} | image = Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.svg | image_size = 170 | caption = Insignia of the Indonesian National Armed Forces | image2 = frameless<br/>Flag of the Indonesian National Armed Forces<br/>frameless | caption2 = frameless|20px Reverse | motto = {{IAST|Tri Dharma Eka Karma}}<br>(Sanskrit, {{lit|Three services, one determination}}) | founded = {{start date and age|1945|10|5|df=yes}} as the People's Security Army | current_form = {{start date and age|1947|06|3|df=yes}} | disbanded = | branches = {{tree list}} *{{Army|Indonesia}} *{{Navy|Indonesia}} **{{Marines|Indonesia}} {{tree list/end}} {{Air force|Indonesia}} | headquarters = Cilangkap, Jakarta | website = {{URL|https://tni.mil.id/}} <!-- Leadership -->| commander-in-chief = {{flagicon image|Presidential Standard of Indonesia.svg|size=25px}} President Prabowo Subianto | commander-in-chief_title = Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces | chief minister = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs.png}} Djamari Chaniago | chief minister_title = Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs | minister = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense.png}} Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin | minister_title = Minister of Defense | commander = {{flagicon image|Flag of a Indonesian Army jenderal.png}} Gen. Agus Subiyanto | commander_title = Commander of the Armed Forces <!-- Manpower -->| age = 17 | conscription = No | active = 404,500<ref name=IISS1>{{cite book| url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/2024/the-military-balance-2024/| title=The Military Balance 2024| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=15 February 2024| publisher=Routledge| location=London| page= 272| isbn=9781032780047}}</ref> | ranked = 13th | reserve = 401,000 | deployed = 3,544<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/91/halaman_list_lainnya/indonesia-and-the-united-nations-peacekeeping-mission|title=Indonesia and the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission|website=kemlu.go.id|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia|access-date=7 January 2020|date=29 January 2019}}</ref> <!-- Financial -->| amount = Rp 245.2 trillion rupiah (USD$15.1 billion, August 2025)) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-expands-military-as-defence-budget-soars |title=IAnggaran Pertahanan RI Melonjak Jadi Rp245,2 T di 2025|date=4 July 2025|access-date=16 August 2025|work=cnbcindonesia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-expands-military-as-defence-budget-soars |title=Indonesia expands military as defence budget soars |date=12 August 2025|access-date=16 August 2025|work=The Straits Times}}</ref> | percent_GDP = 1,05% (2025)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/252738/umfrage/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bip-in-indonesien/|title=Indonesien: Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) in jeweiligen Preisen von 1980 bis 2024 und Prognosen bis 2030 |date=2025-04-30|access-date=2025-08-08|work=de.statista.com|language=de|author=René Muschter}}</ref> <!-- Industrial -->| domestic_suppliers = {{hidden |''List'' |headerstyle=background:#b0c4de |*PT Pindad *PT Komodo Armaments *PT Sentra Surya Eka Jaya (SSE) *PT Enrol Sistem Indonesia *PT Sari Bahari Malang *PT DAHANA *PT Len Industri (Persero) *PT DI (IAe) *PT PAL *PT Palindo Marine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palindomarine.com/index.php?pilih=hal&id=7|title=PT Palindo Marine Shipyard|work=palindomarine.com|access-date=27 October 2015|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430045344/http://palindomarine.com/index.php?pilih=hal&id=7|archive-date=30 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> *PT Lundin Industry Invest *PT Citra Shipyard *PT Tesco Indomaritim *PT Dok dan Perkapalan (DKB) Kodja Bahari *PT SRITEX *PT Famatex *PT Infoglobal Teknologi Semesta<ref>https://www.infoglobal.co.id/id</ref> *CV Maju Mapan *PT Fista Bahari Internusa *PT CMI Teknologi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmiteknologi.com/|title=CMI Teknologi Official Website|work=cmiteknologi.com|access-date=27 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729104836/http://www.cmiteknologi.com/|archive-date=29 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> }} | foreign_suppliers = {{collapsible list|title=Current: |{{flag|Australia}} |{{flag|Austria}} |{{flag|Brazil}} |{{flag|Bulgaria}} |{{flag|Canada}} |{{flag|China}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Rahmat |first=Ridzwan |date=24 August 2016 |title=Indonesia acquires Chinese-developed CIWS for another Kapitan Pattimura-class corvette |url=http://www.janes.com/article/63184/indonesia-acquires-chinese-developed-ciws-for-another-kapitan-pattimura-class-corvette |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825170425/http://www.janes.com/article/63184/indonesia-acquires-chinese-developed-ciws-for-another-kapitan-pattimura-class-corvette |archive-date=25 August 2016 |website=janes.com}}</ref> |{{flag|Czech Republic}} |{{flag|France}} |{{flag|Germany}} |{{flag|India}} |{{flag|Italy}} |{{flag|Japan}} |{{flag|Netherlands}} |{{flag|Norway}} |{{flag|Pakistan}} |{{flag|Poland}} |{{flag|Russia}} |{{flag|Serbia}} |{{flag|Singapore}} |{{flag|Slovakia}} |{{flag|Spain}} |{{flag|South Africa}} |{{flag|South Korea}} |{{flag|Sweden}} |{{flag|Switzerland}} |{{flag|Thailand}} |{{flag|Turkey}} |{{flag|Ukraine}} |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |{{flag|United States}}}} {{collapsible list|title=Former: |''{{flag|Czechoslovakia}}'' |''{{flag|Israel}}''<ref>{{cite web|author=Nanda Fahriza Batubara|editor=Dwi Ayuningtyas|title=Teka-teki Impor Senjata Israel dan Pertahanan RI dalam Angka|work=Tirto.id|date=23 October 2023|url=https://tirto.id/teka-teki-senjata-impor-israel-dan-pertahanan-ri-dalam-angka-gRfs|access-date=31 October 2024|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Suryarandika|first=Rizky|editor=Teguh Firmansyah|title=Siapa Pihak yang Mengimpor Senjata dari Israel ke Indonesia? Ini Analisa Pengamat|work=Republika.co.id|location=Jakarta|date=1 July 2024|url=https://news.republika.co.id/berita/sfxugj377/siapa-pihak-yang-mengimpor-senjata-dari-israel-ke-indonesia-ini-analisa-pengamat|access-date=31 October 2024|language=id}}</ref> |''{{flag|East Germany}}'' |''{{flag|USSR}}'' |''{{flag|Yugoslavia}}''}} | imports = | exports = <!-- Related articles --> | history = {{collapsible list|title=Military history of Indonesia| Indonesian National Revolution *Battle of Kotabaru *Battle of Medan *Battle of Ambarawa *Battle of Surabaya *Madiun affair *General Offensive of 1 March 1949 *Siege of Surakarta {{Interlanguage link|Merapi-Merbabu Complex rebellion|id|Merapi-Merbabu Complex|=}}<br /> Darul Islam rebellion<br /> *Battalion 426 rebellion *{{Interlanguage link|Operation Gunung Gede|id|Operasi Gunung Gede|=}} APRA coup d'état<br /> Makassar Uprising<br /> South Maluku rebellion *Invasion of Ambon PRRI rebellion *Operation 17 Agustus Permesta rebellion<br /> Operation Trikora<br /> Insurgency in Papua *Operation Cartenz's Peace Cross border attacks in Sabah<br /> Operation Dwikora<br /> *Insurgency in Sarawak 30 September Movement *Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 *Operation Merapi *Operation Trisula *Operation Security and Order Operation Lotus *Battle of Dili *Occupation of East Timor Insurgency in Aceh *2003–2004 Indonesian offensive in Aceh Post-Suharto era internal conflict *Communal conflict in Poso *Maluku sectarian conflict *Sambas riots *Sampit conflict Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa *MV Sinar Kudus hijacking War on Terror in Indonesia *Tanjung Priok massacre *Talangsari incident *Operation Madago Raya UN peacekeeping forces}} | ranks = Indonesian military ranks }} The '''Indonesian National Armed Forces''' ({{langx|id|links=no|Tentara Nasional Indonesia|lit=Indonesian National Military}}; abbreviated as '''TNI''') are the military forces of the Republic of Indonesia. It consists of the Army (''TNI-AD''), Navy (''TNI-AL''), and Air Force (''TNI-AU''). The President of Indonesia is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. {{As of|2023}}, it comprises approximately 404,500 military personnel including the Indonesian Marine Corps ({{lang|id|Korps Marinir RI}}), which is a branch of the Navy.<ref name=IISS1/>
Initially formed with the name of the People's Security Army (TKR), then later changed to the Republic of Indonesia Army (TRI) before changing again its name to the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to the present. The Indonesian Armed Forces were formed during the Indonesian National Revolution, when it undertook a guerrilla war along with informal militia. As a result of this, and the need to maintain internal security, the Armed forces including the Army, Navy, and Air Force has been organised along territorial lines, aimed at defeating internal enemies of the state and potential external invaders.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web |url=http://www.tni.mil.id/ |title=Tentara Nasional Indonesia |access-date=12 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103013100/http://www.tni.mil.id/ |archive-date=3 January 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Under the 1945 Constitution, all citizens are legally entitled and obliged to defend the nation. Conscription is provided for by law, however the Forces have been able to maintain mandated strength levels without resorting to a draft.
The Indonesian armed forces (military) personnel does not include members of law enforcement and paramilitary personnel such as the Indonesian National Police (Polri) consisting of approximately 440,000+ personnel, Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob) of around 42,000+ armed personnel, and the Indonesian College Students' Regiment or {{lang|id|Resimen Mahasiswa}} (Menwa) which is a collegiate military service consisting 26,000 trained personnel.
== History == {{main|Military history of Indonesia|Order of battle of the Indonesian National Armed Forces as of January 1946}} [[File:Collectie NMvWereldculturen, TM-20019408, Dia- Schildering ter gelegenheid van het 40-jarig jubileum van de viering van Onafhankelijkheidsdag, Henk van Rinsum, 08-1985.jpg|thumb|left|A road-side painting in Jakarta commemorating the anniversary of the Indonesian National Armed Forces in 1985]] Before the formation of the Indonesian Republic, the military authority in the Dutch East Indies was held by the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and by naval forces of the Royal Netherlands Navy (KM). Although both the KNIL and KM were not directly responsible for the formation of the future Indonesian armed forces, and mainly took the role of foe during Indonesian National Revolution in 1945 to 1949, the KNIL had also provided military training and infrastructure for some of the future TNI officers and other ranks. There were military training centers, military schools and academies in the Dutch East Indies. Next to Dutch volunteers and European mercenaries, the KNIL also recruited indigenous, especially Ambonese, Kai Islanders, Timorese, and Minahasan people. In 1940, with the Netherlands under German occupation and the Japanese pressing for access to Dutch East Indies oil supplies, the Dutch had opened up the KNIL to large intakes of previously excluded Javanese.<ref name="McDonald 1980, pages 13">McDonald (1980), pages 13</ref>{{Clarify|date=July 2011}} Some of the indigenous soldiers that had enjoyed Dutch KNIL military academy education would later become important TNI officers, for example Suharto and Abdul Haris Nasution.
[[File:Indonesian soldiers in front of Borobudur.JPG|thumb|left|Indonesian soldiers in front of Borobudur, March 1947]]
Indonesian nationalism and militarism started to gain momentum and support in World War II during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. To gain support from the Indonesian people in their war against the Western Allied force, Japan started to encourage and back Indonesian nationalistic movements by providing Indonesian youth with military training and weapons. On 3 October 1943, the Japanese military formed the Indonesian volunteer army called PETA ({{lang|id|Pembela Tanah Air}}; Defenders of the Homeland). The Japanese intended for PETA to assist their forces and oppose a possible invasion by the Allies. The Japanese military training for Indonesian youth was originally meant to rally local support for the Empire of Japan but later became a significant resource for the Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949. Many of these men who served in PETA, both officers and NCOs alike including Sudirman, formed the majority of the personnel that would compose the future armed forces.
[[File:Sudirman.jpg|thumb|upright|left|General Sudirman, first commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces]]
The Indonesian Armed Forces started out as the People's Security Agency ({{lang|id|Badan Keamanan Rakyat}}, BKR), which was formed in the third PPKI meeting, on 29 August 1945. BKR united militias across the newly independent country to maintain civil order; it was more of a constabulary than an army. The decision to create a "security agency", and not an army, was taken to avoid the Allied forces seeing it as an armed revolution and invading in full force. One of the terms of surrender to Japan was to return the Asian colonies they had conquered to their previous rulers, certainly not to make them independent.
When confrontations became sharp and hostile between Indonesia and the Allied forces, on 5 October 1945 the People's Security Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Keamanan Rakyat}}, TKR) was formed on the basis of existing BKR units; this was a move taken to formalize, unite, and organize the splintered pockets of independent troopers ({{lang|id|laskar}}) across Indonesia, ensuing a more professional military approach, to contend with the Netherlands and the Allied force invaders.
The Indonesian armed forces have seen significant action since their establishment in 1945. Their first conflict was the 1945–1949 Indonesian National Revolution, in which the 1945 Battle of Surabaya was especially important as the baptism of fire of the young armed forces.
In January 1946, TKR renamed as the People's Safety Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat}}, TKR), then succeeded by Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Tentara Republik Indonesia}}, TRI), in a further step to professionalize the armed forces and increase its ability to engage systematically.
In June 1947, the TRI, per a government decision, was renamed the Indonesian National Armed Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}, TNI) which was a merger between the TRI and the independent paramilitary organizations ({{lang|id|laskar}}) across Indonesia, becoming by 1950 the War Forces of the United States of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia Serikat}}, APRIS), by mid year the War Forces of the Republic of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia}}, APRI), also absolving native personnel from within both the former KNIL and KM within the expanded republic.
According to the official website of Indonesian veterans, there were 863,432 people who joined the struggle for Indonesian independence and this included those who were members of the militia, police, intelligence and auxiliary<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veteranri.go.id/no.2.pdf|title=Veteran|website=veteranri.go.id|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veteranri.go.id/sejarah-legiun-veteran-republik-indonesia.pdf|title=sejarah-legiun-veteran-republik-indonesia.pdf|website=veteranri.go.id}}</ref> and as of 2023, there are still 25,676 Indonesian National Revolution veterans alive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veteranri.go.id/index.php/kekuatan|title=LEGIUN VETERAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA|website=veteranri.go.id}}</ref>
thumb|upright|left|Emblem of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (ABRI) (1962–1999) On 21 June 1962, the name {{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}} (TNI) was changed to {{lang|id|Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia}} (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia, ABRI). The POLRI (Indonesian National Police) was integrated under the Armed Forces and changed its name to {{lang|id|Angkatan Kepolisian}} (Police Force), and its commander maintained the concurrent status of Minister of Defense and Security, reporting to the President, who is commander in chief. The commanding generals (later chiefs of staff) and the Chief of the National Police then all held ministerial status as members of the cabinet of the republic, while a number of higher-ranking officers were appointed to other cabinet posts. On 1 July 1969, the Police Force's name was reverted to "POLRI".
After the fall of Suharto in 1998, the democratic and civil movement grew against the acute military role and involvements in Indonesian politics. As a result, the post-Suharto Indonesian military has undergone certain reforms, such as the revocation of the Dwifungsi doctrine and the terminations of military controlled business. The reforms also involved law enforcement in common civil society, which questioned the position of Indonesian police under the military corps umbrella. These reforms led to the separation of the police force from the military. In April 1999, the Indonesian National Police officially regained its independence and now is a separate entity from the armed forces proper. The official name of the Indonesian armed forces also changed from {{lang|id|Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia}} (ABRI) back to {{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}} (TNI).<ref name="Alagappa2001">{{cite book|author=Muthiah Alagappa|title=Coercion and Governance: The Declining Political Role of the Military in Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmVwhDYHgBkC&pg=PA244|year=2001|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-4227-6|pages=244–|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105134128/https://books.google.com/books?id=wmVwhDYHgBkC&pg=PA244|archive-date=5 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Future plans === [[File:Indonesian Combined Music Band - Indian Republic day Parade Rehearsal 2025.jpg|thumb|Indonesian combined military band in Indian Republic day parade rehearsal.]] At the beginning of 2010, the Indonesian government sought to strengthen the TNI to achieve minimum standards of minimum strength called "{{lang|id|Kekuatan Pokok Minimum}}" (Minimum Essential Force, or MEF). The MEF was divided into three strategic five-year plan stages, 2010–2014, 2015–2019, and 2020–2024. Initially the government budgeted Rp156 trillion (around US$16 billion at the time) for the provision of TNI's main weapon system equipment (known as {{lang|id|alutsista}}, an abbreviation for {{lang|id|Alat Utama Sistem Senjata}} or "Main Weapons System") in the MEF period 2010–2014.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.investor.co.id/home/anggaran-alutsista-2010-2014-capai-rp-156-triliun/29006|title= Anggaran Alutsista 2010–2014 Capai Rp156 Triliun|date= 30 January 2012|publisher= Investor Daily Indonesia|access-date= 4 January 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140104105232/http://www.investor.co.id/home/anggaran-alutsista-2010-2014-capai-rp-156-triliun/29006|archive-date= 4 January 2014|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jakartagreater.com/minimum-essential-force-tni-tahap-2-2015-2019/|title=Minimum Essential Force TNI Tahap 2 (2015–2019)|date=11 September 2013|publisher=JakartaGreater.com|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104011430/http://jakartagreater.com/minimum-essential-force-tni-tahap-2-2015-2019/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://analisismiliter.com/artikel/part/20/MEF_Modernisasi_Militer_Indonesia|title=MEF : Modernisasi Militer Indonesia|website=analisismiliter.com|access-date=27 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502131433/http://analisismiliter.com/artikel/part/20/MEF_Modernisasi_Militer_Indonesia|archive-date=2 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Naming history === *People's Security Agency ({{lang|id|Badan Keamanan Rakyat}}, 22 August – 5 October 1945; spelled {{lang|id|Ra'jat}}) *People's Security Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Keamanan Rakyat}}, 5 October 1945 – 7 January 1946; spelled {{lang|id|Ra'jat}}) *People's Safety Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat}}, 7–26 January 1946; spelled {{lang|id|Ra'jat}}) *Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Tentara Republik Indonesia}}, 26 January 1946 – 3 June 1947; spelled {{lang|id|Repoeblik}} until 17 March 1947) *Indonesian National Armed Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}, 3 June 1947 – 27 December 1949) *War Forces of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia Serikat}}, 27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) *War Forces of the Republic of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia}}, 17 August 1950 – 21 June 1962) *Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia ({{lang|id|Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia}}, 21 June 1962 – 1 April 1999; spelled {{lang|id|Bersendjata}} until 1 January 1973)* *Indonesian National Armed Forces ({{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}, since 1 April 1999)
<small>''*the name TNI was still used during ABRI era when it came to the military itself and the branches excluding the Police (e.g. TNI-AD/AL/AU). But when it was Armed Forces as a whole, including the Police, the term ABRI was used instead.''</small><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEPPRES No. 69 Tahun 1971 |url=http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/78027/keppres-no-69-tahun-1971 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Database Peraturan {{!}} JDIH BPK}}</ref>
== Philosophy and doctrine == [[File:Indonesian sailors participate in a mass casualty training scenario as part of exercise Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) Indonesia 2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia, May 24, 2013 130524-N-NX489-076.jpg|thumb|Indonesian soldiers participate in a mass casualty training scenario as part of exercise Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT)]] The Indonesian military philosophy about the defense of the archipelago is summarily civilian-military defence, called "Total People's Defense", consisting of a three-stage war: a short initial period in which an invader would defeat a conventional Indonesian military, a long period of territorial guerrilla warfare followed by a final stage of expulsion, with the military acting as a rallying point for defense from grass-roots village level upwards. The doctrine relies on a close bond between villager and soldier to encourage the support of the entire population and enable the armed forces to manage all war-related resources.
The civilian population would provide logistical support, intelligence, and upkeep with some of the population that is armed forces-trained to join the guerrilla struggle against the aggressor. The armed forces regularly engage in large-scale community and rural development. The "Armed Forces Enters the Village" (AMD/TMMD) program, begun in 1983, is held three times annually to organize and assist construction and development of civilian village projects.
The current developments in Indonesia's defense policies are framed within the concept of achieving "Minimum Essential Force" or MEF by 2024. This concept of MEF was first articulated in Presidential Decree No. 7/2008 on General Policy Guidelines on State Defense Policy<ref>{{cite act |type=Presidential decree |index=7 |year=2008 |legislature=President of Indonesia |title=Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2008 Tentang Kebijakan Umum Pertahanan Negara |trans-title=Presidential Decree Number 7 Year 2008 on General Policy Guidelines on State Defence Policy |url=http://www.sjdih.depkeu.go.id/fulltext/2008/7TAHUN2008PERPRES.htm |language=id |access-date=19 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019215801/http://www.sjdih.depkeu.go.id/fulltext/2008/7TAHUN2008PERPRES.htm |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> which came into effect on 26 January 2008. MEF is defined as a capability based defense and force level that can guarantee the attainment of immediate strategic defense interests, where the procurement priority is given to the improvement of minimum defense strength and/or the replacement of outdated main weapon systems/equipment. To achieve this aim, MEF had been restructured into a series of 3 strategic programs with timeframes from 2010 to 2014, 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2024 as well as spending of up to1.5–2% of the GDP.
The identity of the Indonesian National Armed forces is as defined by the Article 2 of the Law No 34/2004 on Indonesian National Armed forces<ref>{{cite act |type=Law |index=34 |year=2004 |article=2 |legislature=People's Representative Council |title=Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 Tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia |trans-title=Law No.34/2004 on Indonesian National Armed Forces |url=http://www.dpr.go.id/dokblog/dokumen/F_20150616_4760.PDF |language=id |access-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101072754/http://www.dpr.go.id/dokblog/dokumen/F_20150616_4760.PDF |archive-date=1 November 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> is the TNI must aim to become the:
# People's Military Forces, the armed forces whose serving personnel come from Indonesian citizens from all walks of life; # Military of Warriors, which are soldiers who fought to establish the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and do not recognize surrender in carrying out and completing its obligations; # National Armed Forces, the Indonesian national armed forces who serve in the interest of the country and her people over the interests of the regions/provinces, ethnic groups, races, and religions; # and Professional Armed Forces, an armed forces that is well-trained, well-educated, well-equipped, non-practicable, prohibited to do business and politics and guaranteed welfare, and following the country's political policies that embrace democratic principles, civil supremacy, human rights, and the provisions of national law and international laws in force, as ratified and approved in the 1999–2003 amendments to the Constitution.
==Operations== The military in Indonesia has evolved as an apparatus for defense based on political decisions.<ref name=":1a" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Muhamad Haripin |title=Civil-military relations in Indonesia: the politics of military operations other than war |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-367-24362-3 |series=Routledge security in Asia |location=London New York}}</ref><ref name=":0a">{{cite web |title=Perpustakaan Lemhannas RI |url=http://lib.lemhannas.go.id/public/media/catalog/0010-011600000000134/swf/3768/mobile/index.html |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Lemhannas |language=id}}</ref> Indonesia has deployed forces in several UN peacekeeping operations, including in Lebanon and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and has sent over 24,000 peacekeeping personnel to UN missions since 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indonesia's Garuda Contingent vital force for global peacekeeping |url=https://ipdefenseforum.com/2024/01/indonesias-garuda-contingent-vital-force-for-global-peacekeeping/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Indo-Pacific Defense Forum |language=en-US}}</ref>
The armed forces are tasked with military operations other than war, which include deterring radicalism and terrorism, securing critical infrastructure such as border controls, protecting dignitaries, providing disaster relief, and assisting the government in securing flight and maritime routes against hijacking, piracy, and trafficking.<ref name=":1a">{{cite web |title=Peran, Fungsi dan Tugas |url=https://tni.mil.id/pages-2-peran-fungsi-dan-tugas.html |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Puspen TNI |language=id}}</ref><ref name=":0a" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=Ada 14 Tugas TNI dalam Operasi Militer Selain Perang, Ini Dia Penjelasannya |url=https://indonesiadefense.com/ada-14-tugas-tni-dalam-operasi-militer-selain-perang-ini-dia-penjelasannya/ |archive-date= |website=Indonesia Defense |language=id}}</ref>
== Organization == {{Indonesian National Military Sidebar}} {{further|Indonesian military ranks}} {{see also|Military Police #Indonesia}} The Indonesian armed forces have long been organized around territorial commands.<ref>Lowry, Bob (1993). ''Indonesian Defence Policy and the Indonesian Armed Forces'', Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No.99, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1993, p.36-40</ref> Following independence, seven were established by 1958. No central reserve formation was formed until 1961 (when the 1st Army Corps of the Army General Reserve, "CADUAD", the precursor of today's Kostrad, was established). It was only after the attempted coup d'état of 1 October 1965 and General Suharto's rise to the presidency that it became possible to integrate the armed forces and begin to develop a joint operations structure.
Following a decision in 1985, a major reorganization separated the Ministry of Defense and Security from the ABRI ({{lang|id|Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia}}, the name of the armed forces used during the New Order) headquarters and staff.<ref>Library of Congress Country Study, Indonesia, November 1992, [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+id0177) Organization and Equipment of the Armed Forces] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111160759/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+id0177%29 |date=11 January 2020}}</ref> MoDS was made responsible for planning, acquisition, and management tasks but had no command or control of troop units. The ABRI Commander in chief retained command and control of all armed forces and continued by tradition to be the senior military officer in the country, while continuing to be a part of the cabinet.
The administrative structure of Ministry of Defense and Security consisted of a minister, deputy minister, secretary general, inspector general, three directorates-general and a number of functional centers and institutes. The minister, deputy minister, inspector general, and three directors general were retired senior military officers; the secretary general (who acted as deputy minister) and most functional center chiefs were, as is the case today, active-duty military officers, while employees and staff were personnel of the armed forces and of the civil service.
The 1985 reorganization also made significant changes in the armed forces chain of command. The four multi-service Regional Defense Commands ("Kowilhans") and the National Strategic Command ("Kostranas") were eliminated from the defense structure, establishing the Military Regional Command ("Kodam"), or area command, as the key organization for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The chain of command flowed directly from the "ABRI" commander in chief to the ten "Kodam" commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands. The former territorial commands of the air force and navy were eliminated from the structure altogether, with each of those services represented on the "Kodam" staff by a senior liaison officer. The navy and air force territorial commands were replaced by operational commands. The air force formed two Operational Commands ("Ko-Ops") while the navy had its two Fleet Commands, the Western and Eastern Armadas. The air force's National Air Defense Command ("Kohanudnas") remained under the "ABRI" commander in chief. It had an essentially defensive function that included responsibility for the early warning system.
After Suharto's presidential era collapsed in 1998, the Indonesian National Police was separated from the Armed Forces making the Indonesian Armed Forces under the direct auspices command of the Ministry of Defense and the Police Force under the direct auspices of the President of Indonesia. Before 1998, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (the then name "ABRI") was composed of four service branches: Indonesian Army, Indonesian Navy, Indonesian Air Force, and the Indonesian National Police. Then after 1998 (After reformation from Soeharto), the Armed Forces' name, in 1999, was changed to '''TNI''' ({{lang|id|Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}) literally meaning: "The National Military of Indonesia" and the independent Indonesian Police Force changed its name to '''POLRI''' ({{lang|id|Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia}}) literally meaning: "The National Police Force of Indonesia". Now specifically, although the Armed Forces of Indonesia and the National Police of Indonesia has been separated, they still cooperate and conduct special duties and tasks together for the sake of the national security and integrity of Indonesia.
On 13 May 2018, Commander Hadi Tjahjanto reorganized the armed forces once more by inaugurating 4 new military units: Kostrad's 3rd Infantry Division, Navy's 3rd Fleet Command, Air Force's 3rd Air Force Operations Command, and Marine Force III. The new military units are intended to reduce response time against any threats and problems in Eastern Indonesia. He also officially renamed the Western and Eastern Fleet Commands to 1st and 2nd Fleet Commands.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tniad.mil.id/2018/05/panglima-tni-resmikan-empat-satuan-baru-tni-di-sorong/ |title=Panglima TNI Resmikan Empat Satuan Baru TNI di Sorong |publisher=Puspen TNI |date=13 May 2018 |access-date=20 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521021044/https://tniad.mil.id/2018/05/panglima-tni-resmikan-empat-satuan-baru-tni-di-sorong/ |archive-date=21 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Indonesian National Armed Forces is structured into the following in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 66/2019, later revised with Presidential Regulation No. 84/2025. The organization of the Indonesian National Armed Forces consists of Indonesian National Armed Forces General Headquarters ({{lang|id|Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}) based in the Joint Armed Forces Headquarters in Cilangkap, East Jakarta, of which it oversee the headquarters of the three branch of the military:<ref name="PPtni">{{cite act |type=Presidential decree |index=66 |year=2019 |legislature=President of Indonesia |title=Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 66 Tahun 2019 Tentang Susunan Organisasi Tentara Nasional Indonesia |trans-title=Presidential Decree Number 66 Year 2019 Regarding Organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces |url=https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175973/Perpres_Nomor_66_Tahun_2019.pdf |language=id |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619220826/https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175973/Perpres_Nomor_66_Tahun_2019.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2020 |url-status=live}} {{cite web |url=https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175973/Perpres_Nomor_66_Tahun_2019.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619220826/https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175973/Perpres_Nomor_66_Tahun_2019.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Indonesian Army Headquarters ({{lang|id|Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat}}), based in Gambir, Central Jakarta; * Indonesian Navy Headquarters ({{Lang|id|Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut}}), based in Cilangkap, East Jakarta; and * Indonesian Air Force Headquarters ({{Lang|id|Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara}}), also based in Cilangkap, East Jakarta === Armed Forces Headquarters Organization === ==== Leadership elements ==== [[File:Panglima TNI Jenderal TNI Agus Subiyanto.jpg|thumb|249x249px|The current ''Panglima'' (Commander) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, General Agus Subiyanto of the Army]] The leadership elements of the Indonesian armed forces consist of the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces ({{lang|id|Panglima TNI}}) and the Deputy Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, both position are held by four-star Generals/Admirals/Air Marshals appointed by and reporting directly to the President of Indonesia, who is the overall commander-in-chief of the armed forces. As of August 2025, the deputy commander of the armed forces is General Tandyo Budi Revita.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/11/07/jokowi-revives-deputy-commander-post-for-indonesian-military.html |title=Jokowi revives deputy commander post for Indonesian Military |work=The Jakata Post |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=7 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531010450/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/11/07/jokowi-revives-deputy-commander-post-for-indonesian-military.html |archive-date=31 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces''' ({{lang|id|Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}); and * '''Deputy Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces''' ({{lang|id|Wakil Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia}}).
==== Leadership support elements ==== # Armed Forces General Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Umum}}) # Armed Forces Inspectorate General ({{lang|id|Inspektorat Jenderal}}) # Armed Forces Strategic Policy and General Planning Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Kebijakan Strategis dan Perencanaan Umum}}) # Armed Forces Operations Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Operasi}}) # Armed Forces Commander Advisory Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Ahli Panglima}}) # Armed Forces Intelligence Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Intelijen}}) # Armed Forces Personnel Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Personalia}}) # Armed Forces Logistics Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Logistik}}) # Armed Forces Territorial Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Teritorial}}) # Armed Forces Communication and Electronics Staff ({{lang|id|Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronik}}) ==== Service Elements ==== # Armed Forces Electronics and Communication Unit ({{lang|id|Satuan Komunikasi dan Elektronika}}) # Armed Forces Operations Control Center ({{lang|id|Pusat Pengendalian Operasi}}) # Armed Forces Secretariat General ({{lang|id|Sekretariat Umum}}) # Armed Forces General Headquarters and Services Detachment ({{lang|id|Detasemen Markas Besar}})
==== Central Executive Agencies ==== thumb|260px|Military Academy of Indonesia thumb|260px|Indonesian Military Academy cadets # '''Armed Forces Command and Staff Colleges''' ({{lang|id|Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI/Sesko TNI}}) based in Bandung, which consist of: #* Army Command and Staff College, based in Bandung; #* Naval Command and Staff College, based in Cipulir, South Jakarta; and #* Air Force Command and Staff College, based in Lembang, West Bandung. # '''Armed Forces Academy''' ({{lang|id|Akademi TNI}}), based in Cilangkap, which consist of: #*Military Academy, based in Magelang; #*Naval Academy, based in Surabaya; and #*Air Force Academy, based in Yogyakarta. # '''Armed Forces Strategic Intelligence Agency''' ({{lang|id|Badan Intelijen Strategis TNI/ BAIS TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Education, Training and Doctrine Development Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Pembinaan Doktrin, Pendidikan, dan Pelatihan TNI/ Kodiklat TNI}}); #* Army Training, Education and Doctrine Development Command, based in Bandung; #*Naval Training, Education and Doctrine Development Command, based in Surabaya; and #*Air Force Training, Education and Doctrine Development Command, based in East Jakarta. # '''Armed Forces Special Operations Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Operasi Khusus/ Koopssus TNI}}); # '''Indonesian Presidential Security Forces''' ({{lang|id|Pasukan Pengamanan Presiden/ Paspampres}}); # '''Armed Forces Legal and Human Rights Agency''' ({{lang|id|Badan Pembinaan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia TNI}}), which also oversee the Armed Forces prosecutors' office ({{lang|id|Oditurat}}) and correctional facilities. # '''Armed Forces Logistics Agency''' ({{lang|id|Badan Logistik TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Information Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Penerangan/ Puspen TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Medical Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Kesehatan/ Puskes TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Military Police Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Polisi Militer/ Puspom TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Finance Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Keuangan/ Pusku TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Peacekeeping Missions Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian/ PMPP TNI}}) # '''Armed Forces Strategic Assessment, Research, and Development Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Pengkajian Strategis, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan/ Pusjianstralitbang TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Psychology Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Psikologi}} ''TNI'') # '''Armed Forces Mental Guidance and Chaplaincy Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Pembinaan Mental/ Pusbintal TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Historical Heritage Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Sejarah/ Pusjarah TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Information and Data Processing Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Informasi dan Pengolahan Data/ Pusinfolahta TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces International Cooperation Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Kerjasama Internasional/ Puskersin TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Physical Fitness and Basic Military Regulation Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Jasmani dan Peraturan Militer Dasar/ Pusjaspermildas TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Procurement Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Pengadaan/ Pusada TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Maritime Information Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Informasi Maritim/ Pusinfomar TNI}}); # '''Armed Forces Bureaucratic Reform Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Reformasi Birokrasi}} ''TNI''); # '''Armed Forces Personnel Administration Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Administrasi Personel TNI}} ); # '''Armed Forces Permanent Garrison Commands''' ({{lang|id|Komando Garnisun Tetap/ Kogartap}}), which consist of: #* 1st Permanent Garrison Command/Jakarta #* 2nd Permanent Garrison Command/Bandung #* 3rd Permanent Garrison Command/Surabaya # '''Armed Forces Cyber Operations Unit''' ({{lang|id|Satuan Siber/ Satsiber TNI}}) ==== Principal Operational Commands ==== [[File:JUNGLE WARFARE.jpg|thumb|Indonesian Army Infantry soldiers is one of the main combatant forces of the Indonesian armed forces]] The '''Principal Operational Commands''' ({{lang|id|Komando Utama Operasi TNI}}) are the centralized TNI forces which are under the command of the Armed Forces General Headquarters.<ref name="PPtni"/> Some of these commands are actually part of the three military branches (such as Kostrad and Koarmada RI, armed and trained by the Army and Navy, respectively), but these are operationally controlled by the Armed Forces General Headquarters.
'''Direct control by Armed Forces General Headquarters:''' #'''Defense Area Joint Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Gabungan Wilayah Pertahanan / Kogabwilhan}}), tasked with coordinating and integrating operational readiness of all military bases throughout Indonesia. Command held by three-star General/Admiral/Air Marshall. #'''Indonesian National Air Defense Forces Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Pertahanan Udara Nasional Indonesia}}), tasked with integrating air and space security assets. Command held by three-star Air Marshall. '''Readiness maintained under Army Headquarters:''' #'''Army Strategic Reserve Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat / Kostrad}}) as main combat Army force. Command held by three-star General. #'''Special Forces Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Pasukan Khusus / Kopassus}}). Command held by three-star General. It conducts special operations of the Army. #'''Military Regional Commands''' ({{lang|id|Komando Daerah Militer / Kodam}}). Command held by two-star General. It consists of twenty-one Military Region Commands (Kodams) territorially spread across Indonesia. '''Readiness maintained under Navy Headquarters:''' #'''Indonesian Fleet Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Armada Republik Indonesia / Koarmada RI}}). Command held by three-star Admiral. It consists of: #*14 Naval Region Commands as Naval territorial commands spread across Indonesia, tasked with maintaining Naval Bases; and #*3 Fleet Commands (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Fleet Command), consists of various naval task forces. #'''Naval Hydro-Oceanographic Center''' ({{lang|id|Pusat Hidro-Oseanografi TNI Angkatan Laut}}), based in North Jakarta. Tasked with providing hydrographic and oceanographic data and information, both for military and civilian use. Command held by three-star Admiral. #'''Indonesian Marine Corps''' ({{lang|id|Korps Marinir Republik Indonesia / Kormar RI}}) conducts operations as naval infantry force. Command held by three-star Marine General. It consists of 3 Marine Forces and 1 independent marine infantry brigade. #'''Military Sealift Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Lintas Laut Militer / Kolinlamil}}). Command held by two-star Admiral. It conduct maritime transportation and logistic transferring. '''Readiness maintained under Air Force Headquarters:''' #'''National Air Operations Command''' ({{lang|id|Komando Operasi Udara Nasional / Koopsudnas}}). Command held by three-star Air Marshall. It consists of: #*3 Air Force Regional Commands as Air Force territorial commands spread across Indonesia, tasked with maintaining Air Force Bases; #* Air Force Operation Command oversees operational radar units and air wings; #* National Air Operation Command Space Unit. #'''Quick Reaction Forces Corps''' ({{lang|id|Korps Pasukan Gerak Cepat / Korpasgat}}) conducts operations as Air Force infantry. Command held by three-star Air Marshall;
=== Branches === [[File:Pelaku Latihan YTP R 641 Bru Bersiap Melaksanakan Pergeseran Pasukan Dan Material Menuju Daerah Latihan.1.jpg|thumb|260px|Indonesian Army soldiers of the 641st Raider Infantry Battalion/''Beruang'', 19th Infantry Brigade/''Khatulistiwa'', Kodam XII/''Tanjungpura'']]TNI has three service branches, the Army (TNI-AD), the Navy (TNI-AL), and the Air Force (TNI-AU). Each service branch is led by a Chief of staff (Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Staff of the Navy, and Chief of Staff of the Air Force respectively) who is responsible for the administration and capability development for his/her own branch. These positions were previously called Commander or Panglima (for some period in 60s, it is a Minister-equivalent post) which was equipped with commanding authority until it was changed as Chief of Staffs (until now). In the present day, the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces is the only military officer holding commanding authority for all the service branches under the overall authority of the President as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. *The '''TNI-AD (Indonesian Army)''' was first formed in 1945 following the end of World War II, to protect the newly independent country. It initially consisted of local militia and grew to become the regular army of today. The force now has up to 306,506 personnel, and comprises major strong territorial army commands known as ''Kodam'' and several independent regiments, brigades and battalions. The Army is also built up of operational commands and special forces such as the: Kopassus and the Kostrad units also with other types of formation within the Army itself. The Army also operates aircraft under the Army Aviation Command (''Pusat Penerbangan Angkatan Darat''). The Army operates 123 helicopters including combat, transport, and trainer models, and eight fixed-wing aircraft.{{refn|group=note|The total numbers of aircraft as of February 2021. For more info please go to ''List of equipment of the Indonesian Army#Aircraft''}} The Army also guards and patrols the land borders with Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and East Timor. [[File:Disaksikan Presiden Jokowi, Demo Sailing Pass KRI Jajaran Koarmada II Meriahkan HUT Ke-78 TNI.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Indonesian Navy Frigate KRI ''I Gusti Ngurah Rai'' 332 and Corvettes KRI ''Sultan Hasanuddin 366'''', KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda 367'']] *The '''TNI-AL (Indonesian Navy)''' was first formed on 22 August 1945. The current strength of the Navy is around up-to 74,000. In contrast to many other nations and military traditions, the Navy uses Army style ranks (''See: Indonesian military ranks'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tni.mil.id/|title=WEBSITE TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA|website=TNI|access-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103013100/http://www.tni.mil.id/|archive-date=3 January 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> The Navy has one centralized fleet command (Indonesian Fleet Command at Jakarta) which consists of three navy fleets which are the 1st Fleet Command (''Koarmada I'') based in Tanjungpinang, the 2nd Fleet Command (''Koarmada II'') based in Surabaya, and the 3rd Fleet Command (''Koarmada III'') based in Sorong, all three fleet forces commands holding responsibility for the defense of the three maritime and naval territorial commands. The Navy also has a management of aircraft and aviation systems which are operated by the Naval Aviation Center ({{lang|id|Pusat Penerbangan Angkatan Laut}}). The Navy operates 63 fixed wing aircraft and 29 combat and transport helicopters.{{refn|group=note|The total numbers of aircraft as of February 2021. For more info please go to ''List of equipment of the Indonesian Navy#Aircraft''}} The Navy also includes the Indonesian Marine Corps ({{lang|id|Korps Marinir}}, or ''KorMar''). It was created on 15 November 1945 and has the duties of being the main naval infantry and amphibious warfare force with quick reaction capabilities and special operations abilities. [[File:Indonesian Air Force Sukhoi SU-30 MK2 at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Indonesian Air Force Sukhoi Su-30 fighter at Sultan Hasanuddin Air Force Base]] *The '''TNI-AU (Indonesian Air Force)''' is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its Order of Battle is under the Air Operations Commands (''Koopsud'') which consists of three operational commands (Koopsud I, Koopsud II, and Koopsud III). Most of its airbases are located on the island of Java.<ref name="SCRAMBLE">{{cite web |url=http://www.scramble.nl/id.htm |magazine=Scramble Magazine|title=Indonesian Air Arms Overview |publisher=Scramble.nl |access-date=25 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916041603/http://www.scramble.nl/id.htm |archive-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> Presently, the Air Force has up-to 34,930 personnel equipped with 202 aircraft including Sukhoi Su-27s, Su-30s, F-16 Fighting Falcons, Hawk 100/200s, KAI T-50 Golden Eagles, and EMB 314 Super Tucanos.<ref name="World Air Forces 2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-2019-world-air-forces-directory-454126/ |title=World Air Forces 2019 |publisher=Flightglobal Insight |year=2019 |access-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123181847/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-2019-world-air-forces-directory-454126/ |archive-date=23 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Air Force also has air force infantry corps which is known as ''Kopasgat'' that are tasked for airbase defense, airborne troops and special forces unit. While no longer a part of the Armed Forces since 1 April 1999, the '''Indonesian National Police''' (''POLRI'') often operate in paramilitary roles independently or in co-operation with the other services on internal security missions, usually in cooperation with the Indonesian National Armed Forces (''TNI''). The National Police Mobile Brigade Corps are the main paramilitary forces which are usually put on to these roles and tasks with the service branches of the armed forces. Until today, both the ''TNI'' and the ''POLRI'' still holds strong ties and cooperation for the sake of the nation's national security and integrity purposes.
=== Special Forces Unit === Indonesian Military Special Forces *'''TNI AD''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Army.svg}} (Indonesian Army): Kopassus, Tontaipur *'''TNI AL''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Navy.svg}} (Indonesian Navy): Kopaska, Taifib, Denjaka *'''TNI AU''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Air Force.svg}} (Indonesian Air Force): Bravo Detachment 90
In the immediate aftermath of 2018 Surabaya bombings, President Widodo has agreed to revive the TNI Joint Special Operations Command (''Koopssusgab'') to assist the National Police in antiterrorism operations under certain conditions. This joint force is composed of special forces of the National Armed Forces as mentioned above, and is under the direct control of the Commander of the National Armed Forces.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/18/jokowi-agrees-to-revive-koopsusgab-special-forces.html |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |title=Jokowi agrees to revive Koopsusgab special forces |date=18 May 2018 |access-date=19 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518153729/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/18/jokowi-agrees-to-revive-koopsusgab-special-forces.html |archive-date=18 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2019, President Widodo officially formed the '''Armed Forces Special Operations Command''' (''Koopssus TNI'') which comprised 400 personnel each from Sat-81 Gultor of Kopassus, Denjaka, and Den Bravo of Kopasgat to conduct special operations to protect national interests within or outside Indonesian territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/4633455/dibentuk-jokowi-ini-tugas-koopssus-gabungan-3-matra-tni |newspaper=detik.com |title=Dibentuk Jokowi, Ini Tugas Koopssus Gabungan 3 Matra TNI |date=21 July 2019 |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722015331/https://news.detik.com/berita/4633455/dibentuk-jokowi-ini-tugas-koopssus-gabungan-3-matra-tni |archive-date=22 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/07/30/indonesian-military-forms-super-elite-unit-to-crack-down-on-terrorism.html |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |title=Indonesian Military forms 'super elite unit' to crack down on terrorism |date=30 July 2019 |access-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802021602/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/07/30/indonesian-military-forms-super-elite-unit-to-crack-down-on-terrorism.html |archive-date=2 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Indonesian Army Leopard tanks.jpg|thumb|Equipment of the Indonesian National Armed Forces during a parade on Armed Force Anniversary Day in 2017]]
=== Equipment ===
*'''TNI AD''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Army.svg}} List of equipment of the Indonesian Army *'''TNI AL''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Navy.svg}} List of equipment of the Indonesian Navy *'''TNI AU''' {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian Air Force.svg}} List of equipment of the Indonesian Air Force
[[File:ILSV Panji-Panji pada Upacara Penetapan Komponen Cadangan Tahun 2021 di Pusdikpassus, Batujajar.jpg|thumb|President Jokowi and Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto inaugurates reserve component (''Komcad'') in ILSV vehicle]] thumb|TNI Reserve Component with Kostrad camo pattern
=== Reserves === The Indonesian National Armed Forces Reserve Component (''Komponen Cadangan TNI'', abbreviated into KOMCAD) is the military reserve force element of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.<ref name="Diplomat Feb 2021" >{{cite web |last1=Lischin |first1=Luke |title=Indonesia's Military Gets New Reserve Component |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/indonesias-military-gets-new-reserve-component/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
On January 12, 2021, President Joko Widodo, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, issued ''Government Regulation Number 3 of 2021 implementing Law 23 on the Management of National Resources for Defense of the Nation'' which established the Reserve as a directly reporting unit under the General Headquarters, in order to supplement the ''Principal Component'', i.e. the Armed Forces and the National Police.<ref name="Diplomat Feb 2021" />
Under the regulation, the Reserve officially consists of army, naval, and air reserve forces. Membership in the reserve is voluntary for all citizens, even for members of the civil service.
== Budget == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Fiscal Year ! Budget (IDR) ! Budget (USD) |- | 2005 | {{currency|21.97 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|2.5 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2006 | {{currency|23.6 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|2.6 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2007 | {{currency|32.6 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|3.4 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2008 | {{currency|36.39 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|3.8 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2009 | {{currency|33.6 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|3.3 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2010 | {{currency|42.3 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|4.47 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2011 | {{currency|47.5 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}} | {{currency|5.2 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2012 | {{currency|64.4 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.setneg.go.id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=5727 |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005023714/http://www.setneg.go.id/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=5727 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{currency|7.5 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2013 | {{currency|81.8 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianewsnet.net/home/news.php?sec=1&id=33629|title=While education and healthcare suffer, Indonesian army budget soars|date=18 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801063137/http://www.asianewsnet.net/home/news.php?sec=1&id=33629|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=usurped}}</ref> | {{currency|8.44 billion|passthrough=yes}}{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} |- | 2014 | {{currency|83.4 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} | {{currency|7.91 billion|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news|title=Janes | Latest defence and security news|website=Janes.com|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604083147/https://www.janes.com/defence-news|archive-date=4 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 2015 | {{currency|95.5 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name="m.thejakartapost.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/08/18/sby-maintains-status-quo-2015-budget.html |title=SBY maintains status quo in 2015 budget |date=18 August 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907081913/http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/08/18/sby-maintains-status-quo-2015-budget.html |archive-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{currency|8.05 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2016 | {{currency|99.5 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20151102/10/488148/kementerian-pu-dapat-anggaran-terbanyak-dari-apbn-2016|title=Kementerian PU Dapat Anggaran Terbanyak dari APBN 2016|website=finansial.bisnis.com|date=2 November 2015 |access-date=3 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106131947/http://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20151102/10/488148/kementerian-pu-dapat-anggaran-terbanyak-dari-apbn-2016|archive-date=6 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{currency|7.3 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2017 | {{currency|109.3 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72232/revised-indonesian-budget-brings-modest-increase|title=Revised Indonesian budget brings modest increase – Jane's 360|website=janes.com|access-date=22 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714085001/http://www.janes.com/article/72232/revised-indonesian-budget-brings-modest-increase|archive-date=14 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{currency|8.17 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- | 2018 | {{currency|108 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2017/10/26/092826726/kemenhan-dan-polri-dapat-anggaran-paling-besar-pada-apbn-2018 |title=Kemenhan dan Polri Dapat Anggaran Paling Besar pada APBN 2018 |first=Kurnia Sari |last=Aziza |work=Kompas |date=26 October 2017 |language=id |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111044904/http://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2017/10/26/092826726/kemenhan-dan-polri-dapat-anggaran-paling-besar-pada-apbn-2018 |archive-date=11 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> | {{currency|8 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2019 |{{currency|121 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name="bdgt2020" /> |{{currency|9.1 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2020 |{{currency|131 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name="bdgt2020">{{cite news|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4734602/jokowi-anggaran-pertahanan-dinaikkan-lebih-dari-rp-131-triliun-di-2020|title=Jokowi: Anggaran Pertahanan Dinaikkan Lebih Dari Rp 131 Triliun di 2020|first=Andhika|last=Prasetia|work=detik|date=5 October 2019|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327080826/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4734602/jokowi-anggaran-pertahanan-dinaikkan-lebih-dari-rp-131-triliun-di-2020|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |{{currency|9.35 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |*2020 (Budget cuts) |{{currency|122 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web|work=Liputan6|date=2020-04-13|title=Anggaran Kemhan-KPK Dipangkas untuk Corona, Kemdikbud dan Kemkes Ditambah|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4226227/anggaran-kemhan-kpk-dipangkas-untuk-corona-kemdikbud-dan-kemkes-ditambah|access-date=2020-10-11|language=id}}</ref> |{{currency|8.67 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2021 |{{currency|134 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name=":3" /> |{{currency|9.2 billion|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Grevatt |first=Jon |date=18 August 2020 |title=Indonesia announces strong increase in 2021 defence budget |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-announces-strong-increase-in-2021-defence-budget_11656 |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=Janes.com}}</ref> |- |2022 |{{currency|151 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Anggaran TNI Tahun 2022 Sebesar Rp151 Triliun Perlu Ditingkatkan |url=http://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/41162 |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=DPR |language=id |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013132521/https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/41162 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |{{currency|10.1 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2023 (Originally) |{{currency|123.44 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Porsi Anggaran Rp 123 T untuk Kemenhan pada 2023 Dinilai Masih Wajar |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/06/02/13562641/porsi-anggaran-rp-123-t-untuk-kemenhan-pada-2023-dinilai-masih-wajar |access-date=2022-06-03 |website=KOMPAS|language=id}}</ref> |{{currency|8.54 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2023 (Proposed) |{{currency|319 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |last=PATTISINA |first=EDNA CAROLINE |date=2022-06-07 |title=Kementerian Pertahanan Minta Anggaran Rp 319 Triliun untuk 2023 |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2022/06/06/kementerian-pertahanan-minta-anggaran-rp-319-triliun-untuk-2023 |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=kompas.id |language=id}}</ref> |{{currency|22 billion|passthrough=yes}} |- |2023 (Planned) |{{currency|134.33 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Putri |first=Cantika Adinda |title=Tembus Rp134 Triliun, Prabowo Dapat Anggaran Terbesar di 2023 |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220921095210-4-373776/tembus-rp134-triliun-prabowo-dapat-anggaran-terbesar-di-2023 |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=CNBC Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> |{{currency|8.83 billion|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title=Strengthening TNI |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/09/29/strengthening-tni.html |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> |- |2024 |{{currency|139 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Melihat Rincian Anggaran Kementerian Pertahanan 2020-2024 |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20240105194159-532-1045875/melihat-rincian-anggaran-kementerian-pertahanan-2020-2024 |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=CNN Indonesia|language=id-ID}}</ref> |{{currency|9.27 billion|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Indonesia's presidential frontrunner falters in debate but could win election |url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/indonesia-s-presidential-frontrunner-falters-debate-could-win-election |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Lowy Institute}}</ref> |- |2025 |{{currency|155.98 trillion|IDR|passthrough=yes}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/files/kemppkf/file/1716178459_final_kem_ppkf_2025_versi_publish.pdf |title=Kerangka Ekonomi Makro dan Pokok-Pokok Kebijakan Fiskal Tahun 2025 |publisher=Badan Kebijakan Fiskal |year=2025 |pages=245 |language=id}}</ref> |{{currency|9.75 billion|passthrough=yes}}<ref name=":33">{{cite tweet |number=1800815283487256953 |user=Jatosint |title=Indonesian Ministry of Defense requested Rp155 trillion ($9.5 billion) for fiscal year 2025 |date=12 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref> |} <small>''*the 2020 budget was changed due to COVID-19 outbreak, while the budget for the Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Education and Culture has been increased.''</small><ref name=":1" />
== Commander == {{main|Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces}}
== Uniforms == {{see also|Military uniform#Indonesia}} thumb|150px|Indonesian navy officer (colonel from the sailor corps) dressed in service uniform (PDH) The Indonesian National Armed Forces have three types of uniforms worn by its personnel, which are general service uniforms, specialized service uniforms and branch-specific uniforms.<ref name="uniform">{{cite act |title=Peraturan Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 Tentang Seragam Dinas Tentara Nasional Indonesia |legislature=Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces |type=National Armed Forces Commander Regulation |index=11 |year=2019 |language=id}}</ref>
General service uniforms have three subtypes of uniform, which are dress uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Upacara}}/PDU), service uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Harian}}/PDH) and field uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Lapangan}}/PDL). Each uniform subtypes also consists of several categories, which are:<ref name="uniform"/> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Dress uniform (PDU) ! Service uniform (PDH) ! Field uniform (PDL) |- | PDU I – (Service medals and brevets attached) | PDH I – (with military beret or side cap) | PDL I |- | PDU IA – (Order decorations attached and honorary sash worn over for those who are entitled to wear it) | PDH II – (with cap) | PDL II |- | PDU II – (Mess dress uniform) | PDH III – (with blue beret) | PDL IIA |- | PDU IIA – (Mess dress uniform with order decorations attached) | | PDL III |- | PDU III – (Service ribbons attached) | | PDL IV |- | PDU IV – (Short sleeved, with no necktie worn) | | |} Each branches of the national armed forces have different color in their general service uniforms. * Dress uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Upacara}}/PDU) ** Army: Dark green coat, Dark green trousers ** Navy: White suit. ** Air Force: Dark blue coat, Dark blue trousers. * Service uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Harian}}/PDH) ** Army: green shirt, with dark green trousers ** Navy: greyish blue shirt, with dark greyish trousers. For international event/duty, the navy personnel will wear white shirt with white trousers. ** Air Force: light blue shirt, dark blue trousers * Field uniform ({{lang|id|Pakaian Dinas Lapangan}}/PDL) ** All branches: Sage Green Digital, officially called "{{lang|id|PDL TNI Prima}}", gradually replacing the standard issue DPM camouflage, sometimes called as "{{lang|id|Loreng Malvinas}}".
Specialized service uniform consists of:<ref name="uniform"/> {{col div}} # Pregnant-women service uniform (''PDSH'') # Standard-bearer service uniform (''Gampokbang'') # Military parade service uniform (''PDP'') # State visit service uniform (''Gamprot'') # Provost service uniform (''Gamprov'') # Military police service uniform (''Gam Pom'') # Military band service uniform (Gamsik) # Presidential security force service uniform (''Gam Paspampres'') # Desert field uniform {{col div end}}
Branch-specific uniforms consists of:<ref name="uniform"/> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Army ! Navy ! Air Force |- | "Indocam" field uniform | "Sailing" field uniform | Swa Bhuwana Paksa field uniform |- | NKRI field uniform | Marines field uniform | Air crew uniform (includes flight suit, pilot uniform and flight attendant uniform) |- | Kostrad field uniform | Kopaska field uniform | Kopasgat field uniform |- | Raider field uniform | Service dress white uniform | |- |Kopassus field uniform | Service dress black uniform | |} On 2 March 2022, the Army unveiled its field uniform with new camo pattern, called as "{{lang|id|Loreng Angkatan Darat}}" (Army camo pattern), that is specific only to the Army.<ref>{{cite web |last=Darma |first=Agung |date=2022-03-02 |title=Kasad Launching Loreng TNI AD dan Perkenalkan Ambulance Babinsa |url=https://tniad.mil.id/kasad-lounching-seragam-baru-pdl-tni-ad-perkenalkan/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=tniad.mil.id |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indonesian Army Has A New Uniform, The Striped Motif Is The Design Of Commander Andika |url=https://voi.id/en/news/140707/the-indonesian-army-has-a-new-uniform-the-striped-motif-is-the-design-of-commander-andika |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=VOI – Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201003556/https://voi.id/en/news/140707/the-indonesian-army-has-a-new-uniform-the-striped-motif-is-the-design-of-commander-andika |url-status=dead}}</ref> This camo is a variant of MultiCam based on US Army OCP with local DPM color palette. A Desert/Arid variant intended to replace the older local Desert DPM Variant are also Present.<ref>{{cite web |work=TNI |date=8 November 2022 |title=Kasum TNI Tinjau Gelar Riksiapops Satgas Kizi TNI Konga XXXVII-I MINUSCA CAR |url=https://www.facebook.com/PENERANGAN.TNI/posts/495736315931169 |access-date=2022-12-10 |via=Facebook |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Cav4 |first=Andy |date=8 November 2022 |title=Sudah dipatenkan, and as i said before, according the soldier on the booth.. the designers are the same |url=https://twitter.com/andcav4/status/1589901135401586688 |access-date=2022-12-10 |via=Twitter |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Perkasa |first=Andika |date=10 December 2022 |title=Desain-nya Langsung Dari Panglima TNI {{!}} Insight TNI |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yDRsX2gOuE|access-date=1 March 2023 |via=YouTube |language=id}}</ref> [[File:KRI Balaputradewa (322) launching (3).jpg|thumb|Several high-ranking officials from the Indonesian National Armed Forces Headquarters were seen wearing the latest field service uniforms. Note: High-ranking officials from various branches were also observed wearing the same uniforms.]] On 3 October 2025, the Indonesian National Armed Forces introduced a new field uniform featuring a digital camouflage pattern, officially replacing the DPM camouflage that had been in use since 1982.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Willy Medi |author2=Christian Nababan |date=2025-10-10 |title=The Demands of the Times Behind the Transformation of the TNI Camouflage Uniform |url=https://www.kompas.id/artikel/en-tuntutan-zaman-di-balik-transformasi-seragam-loreng-tni |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Kompas.id |language=id}}</ref> The new pattern is planned to be adopted simultaneously on 5 October 2025, coinciding with the celebration of the National Armed Forces' 80th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/KdZCjGAa-tni-hadirkan-seragam-tempur-baru-di-hut-ke-80|title=TNI Hadirkan Seragam Tempur Baru di HUT ke-80|access-date =2025-10-04|date=2025-10-03|publisher =Metro TV |language=id |first=Adinda |last=Vinka}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/016655879/mabes-tni-jelaskan-alasan-ganti-loreng-malvinas-dengan-pdl-baru-bernama-sage-green |language=id |access-date=2025-10-04 |date=2025-10-03 |publisher=Jawa Pos |first=Syahrul |last=Yunizar |title=Mabes TNI Jelaskan Alasan Ganti Loreng Malvinas dengan PDL Baru Bernama Sage Green}}</ref> Although the new camouflage design resembles a pattern previously developed for the Airborne Command (''Loreng Linud''), it has a distinctive coloration that can be detected, at least upon close examination. Originally known as "PDL ''TNI Motif Baru''" or "Sage Green" or "Sage Green Digital" the name was later changed to PDL ''TNI Prima'' on 21st January 2026.<ref>ST/71/2026 Mabes TNI</ref>
{{Gallery |title=Army Uniforms |align=center |File:Indonesia memenangin Australian Army Skill at Arms Meet (AASAM) 2018.jpg|Indonesian Army soldiers with DPM camo during AASAM 2018|File:Pasukan tni ad sebagai pasukan 45 pada saat pengibaran bendera duplikat pusaka HUT RI.jpg|Indonesian Army cavalry soldiers with the NKRI camo pattern|File:Pangdivif 2 Kostrad Pimpin Upacara Serah Terima Jabatan Pamen Satjar Divif 2 Kostrad. 2.jpg|Kostrad soldiers with their camo pattern |File:Barisan Tantama Yonif Raider 500 Sikatan.jpg|Indonesian Army raider infantry seen with their camo pattern|File:Loreng Darah Mengalir Kopassus saat parade HUT TNI 2023.jpg|Indonesian Army Kopassus soldiers with their Darah Mengalir camo|File:Berbagai Tugas Yang Telah Dilakukan Menjadi Bukti Nyata Pengabdian Kita Kepada Bangsa Dan Negara.jpg|Army Aviation Center personnel wearing the Indonesian MultiCam|File:Kasad Hadiri Pemberangkatan Satgas BGC Konga XXXIX-E dan Kizi Konga XX-T Monusco. Thumbnail.jpg |Garuda Contingent for MONUSCO wearing the Desert Camo/Loreng Gurun variant of the Indonesian MultiCam}}
{{Gallery |title=Navy Uniforms |align=center |File:220715-M-GI936-1003 - RIMPAC 2022 - Faces of MOUT.jpg |Indonesian Marine Corps with the DPM uniform|File:Pangkoarmada II Dampingi Kasal Resmikan Fasilitas Damage Control Simulator.jpg|Indonesian Navy Loreng Layar or Sailing Camo|File:Prajurit Yonmarhalan XII Pontianak Ikuti Upacara HUT Ke-78 TNI Tahun 2023 Di Lanud Supadio.jpg|Marine Corps with their distinct uniform|File:Kopaska HUT TNI-73.jpg|Kopaska operator with a distinct camo pattern|File:KRI Nala (363) commander handover ceremony October 2022.jpg|Indonesian Navy sailors on board KRI Nala (363)||||}}
{{Gallery |title=Air Force Uniforms |align=center |File:Prajurit paskhas.png|Indonesian Air Force Korpasgat members with the DPM pattern|Upacara Peringatan Ke-77 Hari Jadi TNI Angkatan Udara. Personel Mabesau.jpg|Indonesian Air Force HQ personnel with the Swa Bhuwana Paksa uniform|File:Sebanyak 2.227 peserta upacara melaksanakan defile, bertempat di Taxiway Echo Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma, Jakarta Timur, Minggu. Air Crew.jpg|Air crews of the Indonesian Air Force|File:Seragam baru Pramugari TNI AU yang bertugas dalam misi penerbangan VIP VVIP. 02.jpg|Indonesian Air Force flight attendants uniform seen with the 17th Air Squadron, 1st Air Wing|File:Sebanyak 2.227 peserta upacara melaksanakan defile, bertempat di Taxiway Echo Lanud Halim Perdanakusuma, Jakarta Timur, Minggu. Kopasgat.jpg|Korpasgat soldiers with their distinct camo||||}}
== Personnel == The Indonesian armed forces are voluntary. The active military strength is 404,500 with 400,000 reserves<ref name=IISS1/> with available manpower fit for military service of males aged between 16 and 49 is 75,000,000, with a further 4,500,000 new suitable for service annually.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+id0171 |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234853/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+id0171 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Defile korem 133 nani wartabone.jpg|thumb|The Indonesian soldier marching with goose step on a parade.]]
=== Rank structures === {{main|Indonesian military ranks}}
In the Indonesian Army, Navy (including Marine Corps), Air Force, and the Police Force, the rank consists of officer ({{lang|id|Perwira}}), NCO ({{lang|id|Bintara}}) and enlisted ({{lang|id|Tamtama}}). The rank titles of the Marine Corps are the same as those of the Army, but it still uses the Navy's style insignia (for junior ratings and Marine Corps enlisted personnel, blue replaces the red colour stripe in all orders of uniform dress).
=== Seven Commitments (''Sapta Marga'') === The Seven Commitments is a pledge of loyalty and fidelity of the military personnel to the government and people of Indonesia and to the principles of nationhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tni.mil.id/pages-5-sapta-marga.html |title=Sapta Marga |access-date=2022-02-13 |publisher=TNI}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite act |type=Law |index=2 |year=1988 |article=4|articletype=Explanation of article |legislature=People's Representative Council |title=Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1988 Tentang Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia |trans-title=Law No.34/2004 on Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia|url=https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/88uu002.pdf |language=id |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627042425/https://www.bphn.go.id/data/documents/88uu002.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Original Indonesian ! English |- |1. {{lang|id|Kami Warga Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang bersendikan Pancasila.}} |We, solemn citizens of the Republic of Indonesia, truthfully believe in Pancasila. |- |2. {{lang|id|Kami Patriot Indonesia, pendukung serta pembela Ideologi Negara yang bertanggung jawab dan tidak mengenal menyerah}}. |We, patriots of Indonesia, are the forthright supporter and defender of the nation's ideology and shall admit to refuse surrender. |- |3. {{lang|id|Kami Kesatria Indonesia, yang bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, serta membela kejujuran, kebenaran dan keadilan}}. |We, humble guardians of Indonesia, who believe in the One True God, are ever-committed to uphold honesty, truth and justice. |- |4. {{lang|id|Kami Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia, adalah Bhayangkari Negara dan Bangsa Indonesia.}} |We, (the servicemen and women) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, hereby (swear the oath to forever) serve as the champion of the Indonesian nation and its people. |- |5. {{lang|id|Kami Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia, memegang teguh disiplin, patuh dan taat kepada pimpinan serta menjunjung tinggi sikap dan kehormatan prajurit.}} |We, (the servicemen and women) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, strive to uphold military discipline, loyalty to the chain of command and promote the honor and conduct of becoming (military) service personnel. |- |6. {{lang|id|Kami Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia, mengutamakan keperwiraan di dalam melaksanakan tugas, serta senantiasa siap sedia berbakti kepada Negara dan Bangsa.}} |We, (the servicemen and women) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, will ever exemplify the values of honor in carrying out our duties, and readily answer to the call of the nation at any time of need. |- |7. {{lang|id|Kami Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia, setia dan menepati janji serta Sumpah Prajurit.}} |And we, (the servicemen and women) of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, will be faithful, loyal and true to our Oath of Duty (Enlistment/Commissioning). |}
=== Soldier's Oath ({{lang|id|Sumpah Prajurit}}) === The Soldier's Oath is a statement of determination expressed since the inception of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and has become a value system for Indonesian National Armed Forces soldiers that is still upheld and preserved. The Soldier's Oath as an oath, is uttered during the inauguration ceremony for each student soldier to become a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumpah Prajurit |url=https://tni.mil.id/pages-6-sumpah-prajurit.html |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=TNI}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Original Indonesian !English |- |{{lang|id|Demi Allah/Tuhan saya bersumpah / berjanji :}} |In the Name of God, I swear/promise : |- |1. {{lang|id|Bahwa saya akan setia kepada Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.}} |That I will be loyal to the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, guided by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. |- |2. {{lang|id|Bahwa saya akan tunduk kepada hukum dan memegang teguh disiplin keprajuritan.}} |That I will abide by the Law and uphold Military discipline. |- |3. {{lang|id|Bahwa saya akan taat kepada atasan dengan tidak membantah perintah atau putusan.}} |That I will adhere to my superiors by not contradicting orders or decisions. |- |4. {{lang|id|Bahwa saya akan menjalankan segala kewajiban dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab kepada Tentara dan Negara Republik Indonesia.}} |That I will carry out all obligations with full sense of responsibility to the armed forces and the Republic of Indonesia. |- |5. {{lang|id|Bahwa saya akan memegang segala rahasia Tentara sekeras-kerasnya.}} |And that I will hold all military secrets to the fullest of my ability, and defend them. |}
== See also == {{Portal|Indonesia}} * Foreign relations of Indonesia * March of the Indonesian National Armed Forces * List of aircraft of the Indonesian National Armed Forces * Indonesia and weapons of mass destruction * Indonesian Cyber Force * Indonesian Maritime Security Agency * Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard
== Notes == {{reflist|group=note}}
== References == {{notelist}} {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == {{Commons category|Military of Indonesia}} *Bresnan, John. (1993). ''Managing Indonesia: the modern political economy''. New York: Columbia University Press. **Many topics, including the political role of the military at the height of Suharto's New Order. *Chandra, Siddharth and Douglas Kammen. (2002). "Generating Reforms and Reforming Generations: Military Politics in Indonesia's Transition to Democracy." ''World Politics'', Vol. 55, No. 1. *Crouch, Harold. (1988). ''The army and politics in Indonesia''. Ithaca:Cornell University Press. **First published 1978. Now somewhat dated, but provides an influential overview of the role of the military in consolidating Suharto's power * Haripin, Muhamad (2020). ''Civil-military relations in Indonesia: the politics of military operations other than war''. Routledge security in Asia series. London; New York: Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group. {{ISBN|978-0-367-24362-3}}. *[http://smallwarsjournal.com/mag/docs-temp/59-mcelhatton.pdf "Guerilla Warfare and the Indonesian Strategic Psyche" Small Wars Journal article by Emmet McElhatton] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726182909/http://smallwarsjournal.com/mag/docs-temp/59-mcelhatton.pdf |date=26 July 2008}} *Israel, Fauzi.(2009) – Advanced Weapon's Infantry Firepower & Accuracy *Kammen, Douglas and Siddharth Chandra. (1999). ''A Tour of Duty: Changing Patterns of Military Politics in Indonesia in the 1990s.'' Ithaca, New York: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project No. 75. * Kingsbury, Damen. ''Power Politics and the Indonesian Military'', Routledge: 2003 {{ISBN|0-415-29729-X}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=1Lfzhai05Q0C&dq=Satgas+Atbara&pg=PA111 Power Politics and the Indonesian Military]
== External links == * [http://www.tni.mil.id/ Official Website of TNI] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000815093524/http://www.dephan.go.id/ Official Website of the Department of Defence] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060311011210/http://www.defence.gov.au/army/lwsc/Publications/journal/AAJ_Autumn05_henry_16.pdf Civil-Military Relations in Post-Suharto Indonesia and the Implications for Democracy Today: A Preliminary Analysis] * [http://www.tniad.mil.id/ Indonesia's Army (TNI-AD)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140628114846/http://www.tnial.mil.id/ Indonesia's Navy (TNI-AL)] * [http://tni-au.mil.id/ Indonesia's Air Force (TNI-AU)]
{{Indonesia topics}} {{Military of Indonesia}} {{Indonesian missiles}} {{Indonesian Government Ministries|state=collapsed}} {{Government of Indonesia|state=collapsed}} {{Association of SouthEast Asian Nations Armed Forces}} {{Military of Asia}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Military of Indonesia Category:Military history of Indonesia I Category:1945 establishments in Indonesia