Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

{{Short description|Indian Orthodox Church}} {{Redirect|Indian Orthodox Church|other uses|Indian Orthodox churches}} {{about|the Malankara Orthodox denomination|other historic church body|Malankara Church}} {{distinguish|Jacobite Syrian Christian Church}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox Christian denomination | icon = Indian Orthodox Church.png | icon_width = 200px | icon_alt = Logo of the MOSC | name = Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church | native_name = {{lang|ml|മലങ്കര ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സുറിയാനി സഭ}} {{lang|syr|ܥܕܬܐ ܡܠܢܟܪܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܘܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ ܕܗܢܕܘ}} | native_name_lang = ml | image = Devalokam Aramana, Kottayam.jpg | imagewidth = 250px | alt = Large, white two-storey building | caption = MOSC Catholicate Palace | branched_from = Saint Thomas Christians, Malankara Church | type = Autocephaly | main_classification = Christian | orientation = {{ubl|Oriental Orthodox|Syriac}} | liturgy = West Syriac Rite (Malankara Rite) | theology = Oriental Orthodox | polity = Episcopal | scripture = Peshitta | governance = Episcopal Synod | structure = | leader_title = Primate | leader_name = Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan Baselios Marthoma Mathews III | area = India and the Nasrani diaspora | language = Syriac, Malayalam, Konkani, Hindi, English, Tamil and other Indian regional languages | headquarters = Catholicate Palace, Kottayam, Kerala, India | founder = Thomas the Apostle (according to tradition) Dionysius VI<ref name=AutoD>{{cite web|url=https://smiocbristol.org/vattasseril-thirumeni|title=St. Vattasseril Geevarghese Mar Dionysios|access-date=5 May 2022|publisher=St. Mary's Indian Orthodox|location=Pilning, Bristol}}</ref><ref name=Dissident/>{{rp|285}}<ref name=Gorgias/> | founded_date = {{indented plainlist| * c. 52 AD (Saint Thomas Christianity, by tradition), *1912 (Establishment of Catholicate)<ref name=CNEWA>{{cite web|url=https://cnewa.org/eastern-christian-churches/oriental-orthodox-churches/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church/|title=The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|publisher=Catholic Near East Welfare Association|access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref>}} | absorbed = | merged_into = | separations = Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (1930)<ref name=CEC>{{cite book|title=The Catholic Eastern Churches|author=Attwater, Donald|chapter=The Malankarese|publisher=Bruce Publishing Company|location=Milwaukee|date=1935|edition=1937 revised}}</ref>{{rp|197}}, Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (JSC 2002) | defunct = | congregations_type = | members = 1.2 - 2 million | ministers = | missionaries = | churches = | hospitals = | nursing_homes = | aid = | primary_schools = | secondary_schools = | tax_status = | tertiary = | other_names = ഇന്ത്യൻ ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സഭ (Indian Orthodox Church) മലങ്കര സഭ (Malankara Church) | website = [http://www.malankaraorthodoxchurch.in mosc.in] }} {{Oriental Orthodox sidebar}} {{Christianity in India sidebar}} The '''Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church''' ('''MOSC''')<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Arthur Russell|title= Comparative Christianity: A Student's Guide to a Religion and Its Diverse Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmMarHDbglgC&pg=PT40| year= 2010| publisher = Universal-Publishers| isbn= 978-1-59942-877-2|page=40|quote=The Malankara Orthodox Church of India(also called by a variety of names, such as the Malankara Church). It is located in Kerala, India.}}</ref>, (Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܡܠܢܟܪܝܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܐܘܪܬܘܕܟܣܝܬܐ ܕܗܢܕܘ) also known as the '''Indian Orthodox Church''' ('''IOC''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.neamericandiocese.org/index.aspx|title=Home|publisher=Northeast American Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref> or simply as the '''Malankara Church''',<ref>{{Cite book| author1= John| author2= Anthony McGuckin|title=The Encyclopedia Of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, 2 Volume Set| date= November 2010|publisher=Wiley-Blackwells| location=West Sussex|isbn=978-1-4443-9254-8|pages=878|quote= The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, also known as '''Indian Orthodox Church''' also '''Malankara Church''', is one of the major and oldest churches in the world.}}</ref> is an autocephalous<ref>{{Cite book|author1= Lucian N. Leustean|title= Eastern Christianity and the Cold War, 1945–91 |year=2010|publisher=Routeledge Taylor & Francis Group|location=New York|isbn=978-0-203-86594-1|pages=317}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Fahlbusch| author2 = Lochman| author3= Mbiti| author4= Pelikan| title= The Encyclopedia Of Christianity, Volume 5 S-Z| date = November 2010| publisher = Vandenhoeck&Rupercht|location=Gittingen, Germany|isbn= 978-0-8028-2417-2|pages=285|quote=The autocephalous Malankara Orthodox Church is governed by Holy Episcopal Synod of 24 Bishops presided over by His Holiness Moran Mar Baselios Mar Thoma Didimos Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.}}</ref><ref name=CNEWA/> Oriental Orthodox church headquartered in Devalokam, near Kottayam, India. It serves India's Saint Thomas Christian (also known as ''Nasrani'') population. According to tradition, these communities originated in the missions of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century (circa 52 AD).<ref name="Erwin Fahlbusch">[https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&q=Muziris ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 5''] by Erwin Fahlbusch. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing – 2008. p. 285. {{ISBN|978-0-8028-2417-2}}.</ref> It employs the Malankara Rite, an Indian form of the West Syriac liturgical rite.

The MOSC traces its origin to the historic Malankara Church and its association with the Syriac Orthodox Church. Between 1909 and 1912, differences regarding the extent of authority of the Patriarch of Antioch led to a division within the Malankara Church. As a result, two ecclesiastical bodies emerged: the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (MOSC) and the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (JSCC), both of which claim continuity with the Malankara Christian tradition.

Since 1912, the MOSC has maintained the office of the Catholicos of the East, who also holds the title of Malankara Metropolitan. The current Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan is Baselios Marthoma Mathews III, who serves as the primate of the church. In 1934, the MOSC adopted a constitution to systematize the function and administration of the church. It defined the conditional authority of the Patriarch of Antioch, and vested the powers of temporal and spiritual administration in the supreme hierarch who possesses the offices of the Catholicate and the Malankara Metropolitanate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jacob |first=Jossi |chapter=Synodality and Conciliarity in the Life of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Indian Orthodox Church) |editor1=Irina Paert |editor2=Andrey Shishkov |editor3=Alison R. Kolosova |series=The Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion |title=The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Conciliarity in Modern Orthodox Christianity |pages=483-485 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref>

The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is in communion with the other Oriental Orthodox Churches. Despite multiple efforts toward reconciliation, disputes between the MOSC and the JSCC, primarily concerning ecclesiastical authority and administrative matters, have continued, including legal proceedings and local conflicts.<ref name="Gorgias">{{cite book |title=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians |chapter=Thomas Christians |publisher=Gorgias Press |author=Brock, Sebastian P. |date=2018 |editor-last=Mardutho |editor-first=Beth |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="FirstPost">{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/malankara-church-row-all-you-need-to-know-about-century-old-dispute-behind-high-drama-between-jacobite-orthodox-factions-in-kerala-7414211.html |title=Malankara church row: All you need to know about century-old dispute between Jacobite, Orthodox factions in Kerala |work=FirstPost |author=FP Staff |date=27 September 2019 |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dissident">{{cite book |title=The Dissident Eastern Churches |author=Attwater, Donald |location=Milwaukee |publisher=Bruce Publishing Company |date=1937}}</ref>{{rp|272}}

The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church accepts miaphysitism,{{sfn|Winkler|1997|p=33-40}}{{sfn|Brock|2016|p=45–52}} (not to be confused with monophysitism), which holds that in the one person of Jesus Christ, divinity and humanity are united in one (μία, ''mia'') nature (φύσις – "physis") without separation, without confusion, without alteration and without mixing<ref>''The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity'' by Ken Parry 2009 {{ISBN|1-4443-3361-5}} page 88 [https://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&dq=Miaphysitism&pg=PA88]</ref> where Christ is consubstantial with God the Father. Around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem refused to accept the dyophysitism (two natures) doctrine decreed by the 4th ecumenical council, the Council of Chalcedon in 451,{{Dubious|date=July 2021}} an incident that resulted in the second major split in the main body of the Christian Church (after the Nestorian schism). While the Oriental Orthodox churches rejected the Chalcedonian definition, the sees that would later become the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church accepted this council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218b.htm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1910-06-01 |access-date=2013-06-30}}</ref>

Self-reporting roughly 2.5 million members (with external estimates of roughly 1 million)<ref name=MOSCGorgias>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Baby|last=Varghese|title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |editor1=Sebastian P. Brock |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=George A. Kiraz |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church |publisher=Gorgias Press|year=2011|author-link=Baby Varghese|access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1948-01-01 |title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church {{!}} World Council of Churches |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/malankara-orthodox-syrian-church |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=www.oikoumene.org |language=en}}</ref> across 32 dioceses worldwide, a significant proportion of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church's adherents reside in the southern India state of Kerala with the Malankara communities in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South America, Australia and New Zealand.<ref name=MOSCPOP>{{cite web|url=https://mosc.in/the_church/the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church|title=The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church}}</ref> ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity Online'' estimated the church has approximately 1.2 million members.<ref>{{Citation |title=Syrian Orthodox Churches in India |url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/doi/10.1163/2211-2685_eco_SI.122 |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en |doi=10.1163/2211-2685_eco_SI.122|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==History== ===Early history=== {{See also|Saint Thomas Christian denominations|Malankara–Persia relations}} thumb|420x420px|Chronological diagram of Saint Thomas Christian denominations According to tradition, Christianity first arrived in India with Thomas the Apostle during the 1st century AD, evolving into Saint Thomas Christianity over several centuries.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Baby Varghese|title= Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India|journal= Studies in World Christianity|volume= 16|issue= 3|year= 2010|publisher= Edinburgh University Press|pages= 226–244|doi= 10.3366/swc.2010.0102|issn= 1354-9901}}</ref> While isolated and generally independent in administration, Indian Christians maintained contact with the Christian hierarchies of Antioch, Persia, and potentially Alexandria.<ref name="newadvent.org">{{cite book|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm#X|chapter=St. Thomas Christians|title=Catholic Encyclopedia|via=New Advent|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125064004/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm|archive-date=25 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians| title=Thomas Christians| website=eGEDSH| last1=Brock| first1=Sebastian P.}}</ref> The Saint Thomas Christians had relationships with the Persian Church of the East from at least the 6th century onward. The Indians inherited its East Syriac dialect for liturgical use and gradually became Syriac Christians in ritual and doctrine. They received clerical support from Persian bishops, who traveled to Kerala in merchant ships on the spice route.{{sfnm|Frykenberg|2008|1p=93|Wilmshurst|2000|2p=343}} For much of this period, Saint Thomas Christians were under the leadership of an archdeacon (a native ecclesiastical head with temporal powers, deriving from the Greek ''arkhidiākonos'').

During the 16th century, efforts by the Portuguese ''Padroado''–an arm of the Catholic Church–to bring the Saint Thomas Christians under the administration of the Latin Church and attempts to Latinize the Malankara Rite led to the first of several rifts in the community. These divisions intensified following the 1599 Synod of Diamper. Saint Thomas Christians who were opposed to the Portuguese Padroado missionaries took the Coonan Cross Oath on 3 January 1653.{{sfn|Brown|1956|p=100}}{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=115-116}}{{sfn|Neill|2004|p=316}} The Dutch East India Company expulsion of the Portuguese from much of Malabar enabled the reconciliation of some Saint Thomas Christians and the Catholic Church, with this group eventually evolving into the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic church that adopted the Chaldean Catholic Church's East Syriac Rite and Diophysite christology.

===Malankara Church=== {{main|Malankara Church}}

Many Saint Thomas Christian chose to remain independent from the Catholic Church. Patriarch Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, the Syriac Orthodox Archbishop of Jerusalem, witnessed the 1665 ordination of Thomas as Bishop Thoma I, who forged a renewed relationship with the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch and Saint Thomas Christians, which laid the foundation for adopting West Syrian liturgy and practices over the next two centuries. Those who supported the indigenous church leader of Malankara, Thoma I, and adopted West Syrian liturgies and practices and Miaphysite faith evolved into the Malankara Church.{{sfnm|Vadakkekara|2007|1pp=84, 86|Frykenberg|2008|2p=361}}<ref>"Synod of Diamper." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 23 December 2011.</ref><ref>For the Acts and Decrees of the Synod cf. Michael Geddes, "A Short History of the Church of Malabar Together with the Synod of Diamper &c." London, 1694;Repr. in George Menachery, Ed., Indian Church History Classics, Vol.1, Ollur 1998, pp.33-112</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">Thekkedath, History of Christianity in India"</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">Eugene Cardinal Tisserant, "Eastern Christianity in India"</ref>

===19th and 20th centuries=== The Arthat Padiyola declared that the administration of Arthat Church was independent and the bishops from Rome, Antioch, and Babylon had no role in the Malankara Church hierarchy, despite continued efforts to integrate the remaining independent Saint Thomas Christians into these patriarchates. In 1807, four gospels of Holy Bible in Syriac were translated to Malayalam by Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban. The Malankara Orthodox Theological Seminary in Kottayam was established in 1815 under the leadership of Pulikottil Ittup Ramban (Mar Dionysius II). The Mavelikara Synod (Padiyola) led by Cheppad Mar Dionysius rejected the suggestions put forward by Anglican missioneries and Reformation group and declared the beliefs and theology of Malankara Church were same as the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch.{{cn|date=July 2022}}

Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril, who became the Malankara metropolitan bishop in 1908, played a significant role with the other clerical and lay leaders of Malankara in re-establishing the Catholicate of the East in India in 1912. Relations with the Syrian Orthodox Church soured in 1909, as Patriarch Ignatius Abded Aloho II who arrived in India claimed temporal jurisdiction over the Church. Dionysius rejected the request, leading to the Patriarch issuing an encyclical deposing him, and thus emerged two factions in the Church.<ref>{{cite book |last= Daniel|first=David |date= July 1972 |title= The Orthodox Church of India: History |publisher= Printaid, New Delhi |pages = 210-215 }}</ref> The faction that supported the Patriarch came to be called as "Bava Kakshi" (Patriarch Faction) and the faction that supported the Malankara Metropolitan came to be known as "Methran Kakshi" (Metropolitan Faction).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/feud-began-19th-century-what-happened-jacobite-orthodox-locked-horns-96295 | title=A feud that began in 19th century: What happened before Jacobite-Orthodox locked horns | date=6 February 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/1599-today-tracing-kerala-s-jacobite-vs-orthodox-church-battle-66476 | title=From 1599 to today: Tracing Kerala's Jacobite vs Orthodox church battle | date=8 August 2017 }}</ref> The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, wishing to retain its autocephaly, appealed to emeritus Patriarch Ignatius Abdul Masih II who, according to later Syriac Orthodox sources, was deposed by a Synod in 1903.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=George|last=Kiraz|title=Abdulmasīḥ II|encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition |editor1=Goerge A. Kiraz |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/entry/Abdulmasih-II |publisher=Gorgias Press|year=2011 |access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> He enthroned Murimattathil Paulose Ivanios as Baselios Paulose I, Catholicos of the East, on the Throne of St. Thomas at St. Mary's Church in Niranam on 15 September 1912.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://niranamchurch.com/|title= About the church|year = 2009|publisher= Niranam St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church|access-date=25 April 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100127171538/http://niranamchurch.com/|archive-date= 27 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1934, the Malankara Church adopted a constitution to regulate its administration, parishes, and institutions. In 1947, Saint Gregorios of Parumala was declared as a saint by the Church. In 1952, the official residence of the Malankara Metropolitan and the Headquarters of Malankara Church was shifted to Devalokam from Old Seminary. In 1958, The Supreme Court declared Catholicos Baselios Geevarghese II as the legitimate Malankara Metropolitan, and the two factions of the Malankara Orthodox Church rejoined. In 1964, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch participated in the enthronement ceremony of the Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan, Baselios Augen I. In 1995, the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC constitution adopted in 1934 was valid.{{cn|date=July 2022}}

=== 21st century === In 2002, fresh elections were conducted in Malankara Association under the observation of Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court declared Catholicos Baselios Marthoma Mathews II is the official and legitimate Malankara Metropolitan and also declared that this decision cannot be disputed in any platform. In 2003, Vattasheril Dionysius VI was declared as a saint. In 2012, the centennial of the establishment of the church and Catholicate were celebrated with history classes and church publications.<ref name=TOICentennial>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Centenary-celebrations-of-Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-Church-begin/articleshow/10591803.cms|title = Centenary celebrations of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church begin | Kochi News - Times of India|website = The Times of India| date=3 November 2011 }}</ref> On 3 July 2017, a major verdict by the Supreme Court of India declared the MOSC legally applicable to all parishes in disputed possession between the MOSC and Jacobite Syrian Christian Church.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://scroll.in/article/858273/a-century-old-church-dispute-in-kerala-flares-up-again-as-supreme-court-rejects-plea-on-leadership| website=scroll.in| title=Kerala church split}}</ref> ==Hierarchy and doctrine== [[File:Malankara Metropolitan Mathews III.jpg|thumb|411x411px|Baselios Marthoma Mathews III Present Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan]] The spiritual head of the church is the Catholicos of the East, and its temporal head is the Malankara Metropolitan. Since 1934, both titles have been vested in one person; the official title of the head of the church is "The Catholicos of the Apostolic Throne of Saint Thomas and The Malankara Metropolitan". Baselios Marthoma Mathews III was enthroned as the Malankara Metropolitan and the Catholicos of the East. He is  the ninth Catholicose of the East in Malankara and the 21st Malankara Metropolitan.

Oriental Orthodox Churches, including the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, accept only the first three ecumenical councils: the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople, and the Council of Ephesus. The church, like all other Oriental Orthodox Churches, uses the original Nicene Creed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mosc.in/the_church/the-ecumenical-council-of-nicea-and-nicene-creed/|title=The Creed | Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=mosc.in}}</ref> without the filioque clause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mosc.in/the_church/oriental-and-eastern-orthodox-churches/|title=Oriental and Eastern Orthodox churches | Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=mosc.in}}</ref> Like the Syriac Orthodox Church, it primarily uses the liturgy of Saint James in Malayalam, Konkani, Kannada, Hindi, English and other Indian languages.

=== Liturgy and canonical hours === alt=Eucharist celebration|thumb|left|Eucharist celebration of the church. thumb|Holy Altar of St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Kallada The church has used the Malankara Rite, part of the Antiochene Rite, since the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianorthodoxireland.ie/catholicate/liturgy/|title=Liturgy Holy Qurbana St. Thomas Indian Orthodox Church|date=2016-05-13|website=indianorthodoxireland.ie|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-06}}</ref> The Jacobite Church and the Maronite Church also belong to the same liturgical family. In the first half of the fifth century, the Antiochene church adopted the Liturgy of Saint James. In the 4th and 5th centuries, The liturgical language of fourth- and fifth-century Jerusalem and Antioch was Greek, and the original liturgy was composed in Greek.

After the Council of Chalcedon in 451, the Eastern Church was divided in two; one group accepted the council, and the other opposed it. Both groups continued to use the Greek version of the Saint James liturgy. The Byzantine emperor Justin (518–527) expelled the opponents from Antioch, and they took refuge in the Syriac-speaking Mesopotamia on the Roman–Persian border (modern eastern Syria, Iraq, and southeastern Turkey). The Antiochene liturgical rites were gradually translated into Syriac, and Syriac hymns were introduced.

Gregorios Abdal Jaleel came to Malankara from Jerusalem in 1665 and introduced Syriac Orthodox liturgical rites. The most striking characteristic of the Antiochene liturgy is its large number of anaphoras (celebrations of the Eucharist). About eighty are known, and about a dozen are used in India. All have been composed following the Liturgy of Saint James.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=242 | title = Malankara Orthodox Church – Holy Qurbana | publisher = Malankaraorthodoxchurch.in | access-date = 23 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130430041054/http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=242 | archive-date = 30 April 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Christians of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church pray the canonical hours of the Shehimo at fixed prayer times seven times a day.<ref name="Kurian2020">{{cite web |last1=Kurian |first1=Jake |title="Seven Times a Day I Praise You" – The Shehimo Prayers |url=http://www.ds-wa.org/seven-times-a-day-i-praise-you-the-sheema-prayers.html |publisher=Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|access-date=2 August 2020}}</ref>

The liturgy of Mor Addai is still in use, in anaphora form, similar to the Maronite Sharar. The anaphora of St. John Chrysostom is sometimes used.

=== Saints === {{Nasrani people}} In conformity with other Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and also with the Roman Catholic Church, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church adheres to the tradition of seeking the intercession of saints. Several have been canonized: * Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala: Entombed in St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala, and canonized by Geevarghese II in 1947 * Baselios Yeldo: Entombed in St. Thomas Church, Kothamangalam, and canonised by Geevarghese II in 1947 * Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril: Entombed in the Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam, and canonized by Mathews II in 2003 * Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Church, Ribandar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015. (Not officially canonized a saint)<ref>{{cite book |last1= Philip|first1= Dr. Ajesh T.|last2=Alexander| first2=George| date= May 2018|series =Western Rites of Syriac-Malankara Orthodox Churches | volume = I|title= The Mission Untold|location= India|publisher= OCP Publications, Alappuzha| pages = 17|isbn= 978-1-387-80316-3}}</ref> * Fr. Roque Zephrin Noronah: Entombed in St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Brahmavar, and declared a regional saint by Paulose II in 2015 (Not officially canonized a saint)<ref>{{cite book |last1= Philip|first1= Dr. Ajesh T.|last2=Alexander| first2=George| date= May 2018|series =Western Rites of Syriac-Malankara Orthodox Churches | volume = I|title= The Mission Untold|location= India|publisher= OCP Publications, Alappuzha| pages = 83|isbn= 978-1-387-80316-3}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="230"> File:Raja Ravi Varma, Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala (1905).jpg|alt=Painted icon|Geevarghese Gregorios of Parumala File:Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril.jpg|alt=Another icon|Geevarghese Dionysius of Vattasseril File:Juliusthirumeni.jpg|alt=Another icon|Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares </gallery>

=== Metropolitan === The temporal, ecclesiastical and spiritual administration of the church is vested in the Malankara Metropolitan, subject to the church constitution which was adopted in 1934.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ovsonline.in/1934-constitution-malankara-orthodox-church/|title=1934 constitution of The Malankara Church (മലങ്കരസഭ ഭരണഘടന)|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-date=2 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502165529/http://www.ovsonline.in/1934-constitution-malankara-orthodox-church/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Malankara Metropolitan is president of the Malankara Syrian Christian Association (Malankara Association) and its managing committee, and trustee of community properties. He is the custodian of the Pazhaya Seminary and other common properties of Malankara Syrian Community. He is also the custodian of vattipanam interest which was deposited in Travancore Government by Marthoma VII. He is elected by the Malankara association.

==== List of Malankara metropolitans ==== {{div col}} #Thoma I (1653–1670)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp/|title=Coonan Cross Oath History|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224140528/http://koonankurishu.net/koonan-kurishu-old-syrian-church/koonan-kurishu-sathyam/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> #Thoma II (1670–1686) #Thoma III (1686–1688) #Thoma IV (1688–1728) #Thoma V (1728–1765) #Thoma VI (1765–1808) #Thoma VII (1808–1809) #Thoma VIII (1809–1816) #Thoma IX (1816) #Dionysius II (1816) ##Mar Philoxenos II (1816-1818) #Dionysius III (1817–1825) #Dionysius IV (1825–1852) #Mathews Athanasius (1852–1877) #Dionysius V (1865–1909)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1883692/|title=Royal Court Verdict declared Pulikottil Joseph Dionysius as the rightful Malankara Metropolitan}}</ref> #Dionysius VI (1909–1934)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107194354/?type=print/|title=In 1929, Travancore High Court declared Dionysius of Vattasseril will remain as the Malankara Metropolitan (Vattipanam Suit)}}</ref> #Geevarghese II (1934–1964)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/107194354/?type=print/|title=In 1958, Supreme Court of India declared Baselios Geevarghese II is the rightful Malankara Metropolitan (Samudayam Suit)}}</ref> ''From 1934 Malankara Metropolitan also holds the office of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.'' #Augen I (1964–1975), also Catholicos of the East #Mathews I (1975–1991), also Catholicos of the East #Mathews II (1991–2005),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=60636|title=Supreme Court Order July 12, 2002 | Malankara Orthodox TV}}</ref> also Catholicos of the East #Didymos I (2005–2010), also Catholicos of the East #Paulose II (2010–2021), also Catholicos of the East #Mathews III (15 October 2021 – present), also Catholicos of the East<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/supreme-head-of-the-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church-passes-away/article35273281.ece/ |title=Supreme head of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church passes away|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/news/new-catholicos-of-the-east-baselios-marthoma-paulose-ii-installed-phot-report/|title=Ordination of the new Malankara Metropolitan & Catholicos. H.H Moran Baselios Marthoma Paulose 2 is the present Malankara Metropolitan.Baselios Marthoma Paulose 2 is the 21st Malankara Metropolitan.|date=November 2010|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308194753/https://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/news/new-catholicos-of-the-east-baselios-marthoma-paulose-ii-installed-phot-report/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col end}}

=== Catholicate === "Catholicos" means "the general head", and can be considered equivalent to "universal bishop."<ref name="Catholicate">{{cite web|url=http://mosc.in/catholicate|title=The Catholicate of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|website=Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The early church had three priestly ranks: ''episcopos'' (bishop), priest and deacon. By the end of the third century, bishops of important cities in the Roman Empire became known as metropolitans. The fourth-century ecumenical councils recognized the authority of the metropolitan. By the fifth century, the bishops of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch gained control of the churches in surrounding cities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Catholicate of the Malankara orthodox Syrian Church {{!}} |url=https://mosc.in/catholicate/catholicate/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=mosc.in}}</ref> They gradually became the heads of the regional churches, and were known as patriarchs (common father).

Outside the Roman Empire, patriarchs were known as catholicos. There were four catholicates before the fifth century: the Catholicate of the East, the Catholicate of Armenia, the Catholicate of Georgia and the Catholicate of Albania. The archdeacons reigned from the fourth to the 16th centuries; in 1653, the archdeacon was elevated to bishop by the community as Mar Thoma I.

The Catholicate of the East was relocated to India in 1912, and Baselios Paulose I was seated on the apostolic throne of St. Thomas as the Catholicos of the East by the disposed Patriarch of Antioch Abdul Masih. The headquarters of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and the Catholicos of the East is the Catholicate Palace at Devalokam, Kottayam, Kerala, which was consecrated on 31 December 1951. The new palace, built in 1961, was dedicated by visiting Armenian Catholicos Vazgen I.

The Holy Synod and Managing committee designated H.G.Dr. Mathews Mor Severios to the new Malankara Metropolitan and Catholicos of Malankara Church succeeding Baselios Marthoma Paulose II. He was consecrated as the 22nd Malankara Metropolitan during the Malankara Association that took place on 14 October 2021 at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala and enthroned as the 9th Catholicos of Malankara Church on 15 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stthomasorthodoxcathedral.com/index.php?/our-church/catholicos-of-the-east.html|title=Catholicos of the East {{!}} our-church|website=stthomasorthodoxcathedral.com|access-date=2019-11-06|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804005445/https://www.stthomasorthodoxcathedral.com/index.php?%2Four-church%2Fcatholicos-of-the-east.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Relics of St. Thomas are kept in the catholicate chapel, and Geevarghese II, Augen I, Mathews I and Paulose II are interred there.

==== List of Catholicos of the East of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church ==== {{div col}} *Baselios Paulose I (1912–1913) ** Vacant (1913–1925) *Baselios Geevarghese I (1925–1928) *Baselios Geevarghese II (1929–1964) ** From 1934 Catholicos is also holding the office of Malankara Metropolitan. *Baselios Augen I (1964–1975) *Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I (1975–1991) *Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II (1991–2005) *Baselios Mar Thoma Didymos I (2005–2010) *Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II (2010–2021) *Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews III (2021–present) {{div col end}}

==Administration== Until the 17th century, the church was administered by the archdeacon (Malankara Moopan).<ref>Niranam Granthavari (Record of History written during 1770–1830). Editor Paul Manalil, M.O.C.Publications, Catholicate Aramana, Kottayam. 2002.</ref> The elected archdeacon was in charge of day-to-day affairs, including the ordination of deacons to the priesthood. Ordinations were performed by Persian bishops visiting India. The Malankara Palliyogam (a forerunner of the Malankara Association) consisted of elected representatives from individual parishes. The isolation of the Malankara Church from the rest of Christendom preserved the apostolic age's democratic nature through interactions with Portuguese (Roman Catholic) and British (Anglican) colonialists. From the 17th to the 20th centuries, the church had five pillars of administration: * The Episcopal Synod, presided over by the Catholicos of the East * The Malankara Association, presided by Malankara Metropolitan * Three trustees: the Malankara metropolitan and priest and lay trustees * The Malankara Association's managing and working committees<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mosc.in/administration/the-managing-committee|title=The Managing Committee|website=mosc.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mosc.in/administration/the-working-committee|title=The Working Committee|website=mosc.in}}</ref>

===1934 church constitution=== Envisioned by Dionysius VI, the church's general and day-to-day administration was codified in its 1934 constitution. The constitution<ref name=mosc>{{cite web|title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Constitution|year= 1934|url= https://mosc.in/uploads/2015/05/MOSC-Constitution.pdf|quote=The Malankara Church is a division of the Orthodox Syrian Church. The Primate of the Orthodox Syrian Church is the Patriarch of Antioch.}}</ref> was presented at the 26 December 1934 Malankara Christian Association meeting at M. D. Seminary,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mosc.in/administration/administration|title=The Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox Church |website=mosc.in}}</ref> adopted and enacted. It has been amended three times. Although the constitution was challenged in court by dissident supporters of the Patriarch of Antioch, Supreme Court rulings in 1958, 1995, 2017 and 2018 upheld its validity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sc-says-no-review-of-malankara-verdict/article20487475.ece|title=SC says no review of Malankara Church verdict: Upholds 1934 constitution of Church| last=Rajagopal|first= Krishnadas|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 November 2017}}</ref>

The constitution's first article asserts the relationship between the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Malankara Church. The second article addresses the establishment of the Malankara Church by St. Thomas and ascribes primacy to the Catholicos. The third article regards the church's name. The fourth article describes the faith and its traditions. The fifth article examines church governance canon law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mosc.in/administration/administration|title=The Constitution of the Malankara Orthodox Church|publisher=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|access-date=14 September 2023}}</ref>

===Malankara Association=== The elected Malankara Association, consisting of parish members, manages the church's religious and social concerns. Formerly the Malankara Palli-yogam (മലങ്കര പള്ളി യോഗം; Malankara Parish Assembly, its modern form is believed to have been founded in 1873 as the Mulanthuruthy Synod, a gathering of parish representatives in Parumala. In 1876, the Malankara Association began.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=266 | title = Malankara Association | publisher = malankaraorthodoxchurch.in | access-date = 22 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130425202247/http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=266 | archive-date = 25 April 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref>

The church constitution outlines the association's powers and responsibilities. The Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan is the president, and the diocesan metropolitan bishops are vice-presidents. All positions are elected. Each parish is represented in the association by an elected priest and laypeople, proportional to parish-membership size.

===Co-trustees===

This is a list of co-trustees (priest trustee & lay trustee) elected by the Malankara Association of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mosc.in/administration/malankara-association |title=Malankara Association |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2023-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ovsonline.in/?p=27876 |title=Malankara Association |publisher=www.ovsonline.in |accessdate=2023-04-15}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;" |- ! style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 10%; color: #000000;" | Year of Election ! style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;" | Clergy Trustee ! style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;" | Duration ! style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;" | Lay Trustee ! style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 20%; color: #000000;" | Duration

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" | style="text-align: center;"|2022 | style="text-align: center;"|Fr. Dr. Thomas Varghese Amayil | style="text-align: center;"|4 Aug 2022 – present | style="text-align: center;"|Ronny Varghese Abraham | style="text-align: center;"|4 Aug 2022 – present |}

===Dioceses=== The following are Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church dioceses:<ref>{{cite web|title= Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Dioceses|url=http://mosc.in/dioceses|work=mosc.in|access-date=10 April 2018|date=1 November 2024|language=en-IN}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Dioceses !! Territory || Incumbent Metropolitan |- |Thiruvananthapuram Diocese |Thiruvananthapuram and Kanyakumari |H. G. Dr. Gabriel Mar Gregorios<ref name="mar-gregorios-retirement-kalpana" /> |- |Kollam Diocese |Kollam |H. G. Dr. Joseph Mar Dionysius |- |Kottarakkara Punaloor Diocese |Kottarakkara, Punalur |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Thevodoros |- |Adoor Kadampanad Diocese |Adoor, Kadampanad |H. G. Zacharias Mar Aprem<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2025/01/Kalpana-No.-194-2025-H-G-Mar-Aprem-Metropolitan.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 194/2025 – H. G. Mar Aprem, Metropolitan (Adoor-Kadampanad) |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2025-11-28}}</ref> |- |Thumpamon Diocese |Thumpamon |H. G. Abraham Mar Seraphim |- |Nilakal Diocese |Nilackal and Ranni regions |H. G. Joshua Mar Nicodimos |- |Mavelikara Diocese |Mavelikara |H. G. Abraham Mar Ephiphanios |- |Chengannur Diocese |Chengannur |H. G. Mathews Mar Thimotheos |- |Niranam Diocese |Niranam |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Chrysostamos |- |Kottayam Diocese |Kottayam |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Dioscoros |- |Kottayam Central Diocese |Kottayam |Baselios Marthoma Mathews III |- |Idukki Diocese |Idukki |H. G. Zachariah Mar Severios |- |Kandanad West Diocese |Kandanad |Baselios Marthoma Mathews III |- |Kandanad East Diocese |Kandanad |H. G. Thomas Mar Athanasius |- |Kochi Diocese |Kochi |H. G. Yakob Mar Irenios |- |Angamaly Diocese |Angamaly |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Policarpos |- |Thrissur Diocese |Thrissur |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Meletius |- |Kunnamkulam Diocese |Kunnamkulam |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Yulios |- |Malabar Diocese |Malabar |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Pachomios |- |Sulthan Bathery Diocese |Wayanad |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Barnabas |- |Brahmavar Diocese |Karnataka, Goa |H. G. Yakob Mar Elias |- |Bangalore Diocese |Bangalore, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos (Asst.) |- |Madras Diocese |Tamilnadu, Andaman Nicobar and Sri Lanka |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Philoxenos |- |Bombay Diocese |Maharashtra |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Coorilose |- |Ahmedabad Diocese |Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat , Rajasthan and Oman |H. G. Geevarghese Mar Theophilos |- |Delhi Diocese |Uttar Pradesh,Punjab,Haryana, Delhi and United Arab Emirates |H. G. Youhanon Mar Demetrios |- |Calcutta Diocese |Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and parts of - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, and West Bengal |H. G. Alexios Mar Eusebios |- |UK, Europe and Africa Diocese |UK, Europe |H. G. Abraham Stephanos |- |Northeast America Diocese |America |H. G. Zachariah Mar Nicholovos |- |Southwest America Diocese |America |H. G. Thomas Mar Ivanios<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ds-wa.org/202210182047/his-grace-thomas-mar-ivanios-metropolitan.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002348/https://ds-wa.org/202210182047/his-grace-thomas-mar-ivanios-metropolitan.html|archivedate=28 Oct 2022|title= His Grace Thomas Mar Ivanios Metropolitan}}</ref> |- |Canada Diocese<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Kalpana No.267/2024 – New Diocese|url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2024/01/No.-267-2024-New-Diocese-with-List.pdf |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=mosc.in |date=1 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> |Canada |H. G. Zachariah Mar Nicholovos |- |Asia Pacific Diocese<ref name="auto"/> |Asia and Pacific Regions |H. G. Yuhanon Mar Dioscoros |}

=== Metropolitan bishops === The church's episcopal synod has the following diocesan bishops:<ref>{{cite web | title =Holy Synod | url =http://mosc.in/holysynod | website =mosc.in | date = 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2022/01/Kalpana-344-2022-1.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 344/2022 Appointments of Bishops |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2023-09-27}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Diocesan Bishop !! Metropolitan of Diocese || Notes |- |Baselios Marthoma Mathews III |Kottayam Central, Kandanad West, Trivandrum Diocese<ref name="mar-gregorios-retirement-kalpana">{{cite web|url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2025/01/No.-232-2025-Kalpana-to-all-Parish.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 232/2025 – H.G. Dr. Gabriel Mar Gregorios Metropolitan: Kalpana to all Parish |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2025-11-30}}</ref>, Bangalore Diocese, Asia Pacific Diocese and Canada Diocese |Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. |- |Thomas Athanasius |Kandanad East Diocese | |- |Yuhanon Meletius |Thrissur Diocese | |- |Kuriakose Clemis | |Valiya Metropolita<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2023/01/No.-248-Kalpana-H-G-Mar-Cleemis-Metropolitan.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 248 – H G Mar Cleemis Valiya Metropolita |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2023-09-26}}</ref> – Retired |- |Geevarghese Coorilose |Bombay Diocese | |- |Zachariah Nicholovos |Northeast America Diocese |Asst. Metropolitan of Canada Diocese<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.neamericandiocese.org/news/news-events/-new-diocese-for-the-malankara-church/489?fbclid=IwY2xjawGX7KxleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHfL_5IHGU4fURcEEdaOSYUe453Rolp8wbCC6CCw2U_2V5b5IO7iSrTfmpg_aem_FcAFM8XblqXQ8p42tB_Kzw|title=Appointments of Asst. Metropolitan of Canada Diocese (Kalpana No. MOSC/CMM/270/2024)|publisher=neamericandiocese.org|accessdate=2024-11-05}}</ref> |- |Yakob Irenios |Kochi Diocese | |- |Gabriel Gregorios | |Retired<ref name="mar-gregorios-retirement-kalpana" /> |- |Yuhanon Chrysostamos |Niranam Diocese | |- |Yuhanon Policarpos |Ankamali Diocese | |- |Mathews Theodosius | |On Leave |- |Joseph Dionysius |Kollam Diocese | |- |Abraham Ephiphanios |Mavelikara Diocese | |- |Mathews Thimothios |Chengannur Diocese | |- |Alexios Eusebios |Calcutta Diocese | |- |Yuhanon Mar Dioscoros |Kottayam Diocese |Asst. Metropolitan of Kottayam Central,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.malankarasabha.org/content/22212/New-markAssistant-Metropolitanmark-Appointed-for-Kottayam-Central-Diocese-Malankara-Orthodox-Church|title=Appointments of Asst. Metropolitan of Kottayam Central Diocese|publisher=www.malankarasabha.org|accessdate=2024-07-12}}</ref> Asia Pacific Diocese<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.malankarasabha.org/content/30005/Dr-Yuhanon-Mar-Diascoros-Appointed-as-Assistant-Bishop-of-the-AsiaPacific-Diocese|title=Appointments of Asst. Metropolitan of Asia-Pacific Diocese Kalpana No. MOSC/CMM/271/2024|publisher=malankarasabha.org|accessdate=2024-11-05}}</ref> |- |Youhanon Demetrios |Delhi Diocese | |- |Yuhanon Thevodoros |Kottarakara–Punalur Diocese | |- |Yakob Elias |Brahmavar Diocese | |- |Joshua Nicodemos |Nilackal Diocese | |- |Zacharias Aprem |Adoor–Kadampanadu Diocese | |- |Geevarghese Yulios |Kunnamkulam Diocese | |- |Abraham Seraphim |Thumpamon Diocese<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2023/01/Kalpana-Thumpamon-Diocese.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 240 – Thumpamon Diocese Mar Seraphim Metropolitan |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2023-09-27}}</ref> | |- |Abraham Stephanos |UK, Europe, Africa Diocese | |- |Thomas Ivanios |Southwest America Diocese | |- |Geevarghese Theophilos |Ahmedabad Diocese |Asst. Metropolitan of Bombay Diocese |- |Geevarghese Philexinos |Madras Diocese |Asst. Metropolitan of Bangalore Diocese<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mosc.in/uploads/2023/01/Kalpana-Bangalore-Diocese.pdf |title=Kalpana No. 242 – Bangalore Diocese Mar Philaxenos Metropolitan |publisher=mosc.in |accessdate=2023-09-27}}</ref> |- |Geevarghese Pachomios |Malabar Diocese | |- |Geevarghese Barnabas |Sulthan Bathery Diocese | |- |Zachariah Severios |Idukki Diocese |Asst. Metropolitan of Kandanad West Diocese<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.malankarasabha.org/content/22152/HG-Zacharias-Mar-Severios-Appointed-markAssistant-Metropolitanmark-of-Kandanad-West-Diocese|title=Appointments of Asst. Metropolitan of Kandanad West Diocese|publisher=www.malankarasabha.org|accessdate=2024-07-10}}</ref> |}

==Monasteries and convents== ===Monasteries=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Name !! Location |- |Monastery of Saint Thomas, Vettikkal | Vettikkal |- |Mount Tabor Monastery, Pathanapuram |Pathanapuram |- |The Bethany Ashram |Perunad |- |Bethlehem Ashram |Chengamanad, Kottarakara |- |St. George Dayara |Othera |- |St. Paul’s Ashram |Puthuppady, Kozhikode |- |St. Basil Dayara |Pathanamthitta |- |Holy Trinity Ashram |Angady, Ranni |- |Mar Kuriakose Ashram |Kumbazha North |- |Mar Baselius Dayara |Njaliakuzhy, Vakathanam |- |Mount Carmel Ashram |Mathilakom, East Kallada |- |Mount Horeb Ashram |Muthupilakad |- |MGD Ashram and Balabhavan |Karunagiri, Karukachal |- |Christa Sishya Ashram |Thadagom , Coimbatore (T.N.) |- |Mar Gregorios Bethel Ashram |Kuttikonam, Kunnicode |- |St. George Mount Ashram |Chayalode |- |St. Thomas Ashram |Nellipathy, Agali P.O., Palakkad |- |St. Thomas Karunya Vishranthi Bhavan |Trivandrum |- |St. Thomas Karunya Ashram |Trivandrum |- |St. Thomas Karunya MAS, SAF, SHF |Trivandrum |- |Mount Calvary Ashram |Pattazhy, Kottarakara |- |St. George Ashram |Kulamudi, Mylom, Kottarakara |- |Mount Tabore Ashram |Mathuramala, Pattazhi |- |Mar Augen Ashram, Piramadom (S) |Pampakkuda |- |St. Gregorios Mount Ashram |Kottarakara |- |St. Thomas Ashram |Sooranad, Kollam |- |Bethany Ashram |Kunnamkulam |- |Bethany Ashram |Kuzhimattom |- |St. Anthony's Ashram |Thannithodu |- |St. Thomas Ashram |Bhilai |- |Gregorian Community |Roha |- |St. Anthony's Ashram |Mallapally |- |Mount Olive Ashram |Idukki |}

===Convents=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Name !! Location |- |Bethany Convent |Ranni – Perunad |- |Mount Tabore Convent |Pathanapuram |- |St. Mary Magdalene Convent |Adupputty, Kunnamkulam |- |Bethlehem Convent |Kizhakkambalam, Alwaye |- |Nazareth Convent |Kadampanad South |- |Basalel Convent |Sooranad, Kollam |- |St. Mary’s Convent |Kozhimala, Vallamkulam |- |St. Mary’s Asha Bavan |Kozhimala, Vallamkulam |- |St. Paul’s Convent and Balikabhavan |Puthuppady, Kozhikode |- |Mount Carmel Convent |East Kallada, Kollam |- |Gethsemon Convent |Adichanalloor, Kollam |- |Holy Cross Convent |Sreekariyam – Trivandrum |- |St. Mary’s Convent |Thumpamon |- |St. Gregorios Convent |Kalanthode, NITC, Kozhikode |- |Gregorian Community | |- |St Thomas Convent |Bhilai |}

==Spiritual organizations== The church has a number of spiritual organizations: {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *Orthodox Syrian Sunday School Association of the East (OSSAE)<ref>{{cite web | url =http://ossae.org/ |title=OSSAE website| website =ossae.org}}</ref> *Orthodox Christian Youth Movement (OCYM) *Mar Gregorios Orthodox Christian Student Movement (MGOCSM)<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.mgocsm.in/index.php |title=MGOCSMwebsite| website = mgocsm.in/index.php}}</ref> *Divyabodhanam (Theological Education Programme for the Laity) *St. Paul's & St.Thomas Suvishesha Sangam (National Association for Mission Studies) *Orthodox Sabha Gayaka Sangham *Malankara Orthodox Baskiyoma Association *Servants of the Cross *Akhila Malankara Prayer Group Association *Akhila Malankara Orthodox Shusrushaka Sangham (AMOSS) *Mission Board and Mission Society *Ministry of Human Empowerment *Akhila Malankara Balasamajam *St. Thomas Orthodox Vaidika Sanghom *Marth Mariam Vanitha Samajam (women's wing) *Sruti School of Liturgical Music *Ecological Commission *Ardra Charitable Trust<ref>{{cite web |title=Spiritual Organisation |url=http://mosc.in/spiritual |website=mosc.in |publisher=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church}}</ref> {{div col end}}

==Seminaries== The two major seminaries which offers bachelor's and master's degrees in theology are Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ots.edu.in/|title=Orthodox Theological Seminary Kottayam|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> and St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary, Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Thomas Orthodox Theological Seminary {STOTS), Nagpur |url=http://stots.in/ |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> The Malankara Orthodox Seminary at Kottayam is the first Orthodox Seminary in Asia established in year 1815.

==Institutions== ===Orphanages=== {{div col}} *Prathyasa, Prasanthi, Pretheesha, Meempara *Baselios Marthoma Didymus I Balika Bhavan, Pothukal,Nilambur *Zachariah Mar Dionysius Memorial Bala Bhavan, Thengali. *St. Mary’s Boys’ Home, Thalacode, Mulanthuruthy *St. Paul’s Bala Bhavan, Puthuppady, Kozhikode *Mar Baselius Children’s Home, Mannapra, Palakkad *Mar Baselius Children’s Home, Vadavucode *St. Thomas Children’s Home, Bhilai, (C.G.) *St. Thomas Mission Centre, Haripad *M.G.D. Asram & Balabhavan, Karunagiri, Karukachal *St. Gregorios Balagram, Nirmalagiri, Yacharam, A.P. *M.G.M. Abhaya Bhavan, Pothenpuram, Pampady *Holy Trinity Disabled Children’s Home,Alathara, Sreekariyam,TVM *Mar Greogorios Asram & Children’s Home,Kandanad, Mulamthuruthy *Mar Greogorios Rehabilitation Centre, Kodunganoor,TVM *M.G. Bethel Karuna Centre, Karassery, Thathankulam P.O. (T.N.) *St. Mary’s Balikamandiram, Kizhakambalam, Alwaye *Basalel Girls’ Home, Sooranad *St. George Balikagram, St. Thomas Nagar, Mamurdy,Pune *Joseph Mar Pachomios Memorial Pratheeksha Bhavan,Koothattukulam *Mar Baselius Santhi Bhavan, Thalavoor, Kottarakkara *Bethanya Bhavan, Tiruvalla *NAMS Snehasadan,Vodarahalli. *Mar Baselius Gregorios Mercy Home, Mannadisala, Vechoochira, Ranni *St. Thomas Balabhavan, Nellipathy, Agali , Palakkad *Karunya Visranthi Bhavan, Kattela, Sreekaryam, Tvm. *Sr. Macreena Santhi Bhavan, Baselios Convent, Kottarakkara *Cheppad Mar Dionysius Foundation Oldage Home, Cheppad *St. Paul’s Balagram, P.B. 45, Raisalpur, Itarsi *BMM II Sneha Bhavan, Kizhakketheruvu, Kottarakara *Vattasseril Mar Dionysius Home, Madavoor, Muvattupuzha *St. Gregorios Balika Bhavan, Panamthop, Kunnathoor, Kollam *St. Gregorios Balabhavan, Thadagom, Coimbatore *BMM II Balabhavan, Chengamanadu, Kottarakara *Karunyanilayam, Belavadi ,Mysore *Kottukulam Visranthi Bhavan, Kuzhimattom *Mar Athanasius Memorial Prathyasa Bhavan, Kuzhimattom *Pulikottil Mar Dionysius Bhavan, Kottappady *Mar Baselius Augen I Memorial Prathyasa Bhavan,Piramadom *Mar Baselius Paulose I Memorial Prasanthi Bhavan, *Kadayirippu Asha Bhavan, Kozhimala, Thiruvalla. *Bethel Convent & Sneha Bhavan, Ambalam ,Tirunelvely *Prerana Nikethan, St. Thomas OTS, Nagpur *St. Gregorios Daya Bhavan, No. 69, Bhaktharahalli ,Tumkur *St. Gregorios Special School, Mount Olive,Kottakkunnu, S. Battery *St. Gregorios Mission Centre, Sreevaikuntam ,Thoothukkudy, (T.N.) {{div col end}}

===Hospitals=== {{div col}} *St. Gregorios Mission Hospital,Parumala *St. Mary’s Hospital, Eraviperoor *Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,Kolencherry *Paret Mar Ivanios Hospital, Puthuppally, Kottayam *MGDM Hospital, Devagiri, Kangazha *M.D. Cheriapally Hospital, Kottayam *Mar Theodosius Memorial Bethany Hospital,Ranni – Perunad *Mar Theodosius Medical Mission Hospital,Poruvazhy,Kollam *St. George’s Hospital, Puthuppady, Kozhikode *Joseph Mar Pachomios Medical Centre, Piravom *Idukki Orthodox Medical Centre, Nettithozhu, Kumily *Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,Kunnamkulam *Kurisupally General Eye Clinic, Puthenangady, Kottayam *Bishop Walsh Medical Memorial Hospital,Coimbatore *Madras Medical Mission, Chennai *BPM Mission Hospital, Uditnarayanpur,Kalahandi *M.G. Asram Medical Aid Clinic, Mulamthuruthy *Malankara Medical Mission Eye Hospital,Kariampady *Mount Tabore Medical Mission Hospital,Pudukottai Dt. (T.N.) *St. Thomas Mission Hospital, Attappady; Agali, Palakkad *BGM Trust Hospital, Kundara, Kollam *St. Mary’s Hospital, Pothanikad, Muvattupuzha *St. Paul’s Dispensary, Panimunda, Orissa *St. Mary’s Medical Centre, Aya Nagar, New Delhi *St. Thomas Charitable Dispensary, Kolkatta *Mar Theodosius Memorial Medical Mission Hospital,Sasthamcotta. {{div col end}}

===Medical Colleges=== *Malankara Medical Mission Hospital,Kolencherry *Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences

===Engineering colleges=== *Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering & Technology, Kuttikkanam, Peermade *Baselios Mathews II College of Engineering,Sasthamcotta *Christian College of Engineering and Technology,Bhilai

===Degree colleges=== {{div col}} *Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta *Baselius College, Kottayam *St Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery *St. Gregorios College, Kottarakara *St. Stephen’s College, Maloor, Pathanapuram *Baselios Mathews II B.Ed College, Adoor *Kuriakose Gregorios College, Pampady *Mar Dionysius College, Pazhanji *St. Cyril’s College, Adoor *Mount Tabore Training College, Pathanapuram *BMM II Training College, Kottarakkara *St. Thomas College, Bhilai *M. G. M. Junior College, Bhilai *Theophilos College of Nursing, Kangazha *SG College of Nursing, Parumala *SG College of Social Science, Parumala {{div col end}}

=== Teacher training institutions === *MSSTTI Thazhakara,Alapuzha *RMTTI Vadavucode,Ernakulam

==Ecumenical relations== The church was a founding member of the World Council of Churches.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://archive.org/details/wcca5/page/230/mode/2up?q=list| title=World council of churches, Amsterdam 1948| website=archive.org| year=1948| page=230}}</ref> Catholicos Geevarghese II and other metropolitan participated in the 1937 Conference on Faith and Order in Edinburgh; a church delegation participated in the 1948 WCC meeting in Amsterdam in 1948, and the church played a role in the 1961 WCC conference in New Delhi. Metropolitan Paulos Gregorios was president of the WCC from 1983 to 1991.

The church participated in the 1965 Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches in Addis Ababa.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.theorthodoxchurch.info/aacp/resolutions/addis-ababa-conference/| title=Addis Ababa Conference| website=theorthodoxchurch.info| access-date=31 December 2018| archive-date=25 February 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225124805/http://www.theorthodoxchurch.info/aacp/resolutions/addis-ababa-conference/| url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a member of the Faith and Order Commission, the Christian Conference of Asia and the Global Christian Forum. A number of primates of sister churches have visited, including Patriarch Justinian of Romania in February 1957 and in January 1969; Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen I in December 1963; Armenian Patriarch Derderian of Jerusalem in December 1972; Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow in January 1977; Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II in September 1982; Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie in 1986, Patriarch Teoctist Arăpașu of Romania in 1989; Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I in November 2000; Metropolitan (later Patriarch) Kirill of the Russian Orthodox Church in December 2006; Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II in November 2008, Patriarch of Ethiopia Abune Paulos in December 2008; the Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia Aram I Keshishian in February 2010, and Patriarch of Ethiopia Abune Mathias in November 2016.

In May 2025, a trilateral meeting involving the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, and the Armenian Apostolic Church (of the Great House of Cilicia) took place at the Monastery of Saint Pishoy in Wadi El Natrun, Egypt to commemorate the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meeting of the Representatives of the Oriental Orthodox Synods in the Middle East at LOGOS Papal Center in Celebration of the Council of Nicaea - Coptic Orthodox Church |url=https://copticorthodox.church/en/2025/05/17/meeting-of-the-representatives-of-the-oriental-orthodox-synods-in-the-middle-east-at-logos-papal-center-in-celebration-of-the-council-of-nicaea/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Egypt |first=Daily News |date=2025-05-17 |title=Patriarchs of Eastern Orthodox Churches arrive in Cairo to commemorate 1700th anniversary of Council of Nicaea |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2025/05/17/patriarchs-of-eastern-orthodox-churches-arrive-in-cairo-to-commemorate-1700th-anniversary-of-council-of-nicaea/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Dailynewsegypt |language=en-US}}</ref> During this meeting, Pope Tawadros II and Catholicos Aram I expressed their solidarity and support for the decision made by the universal synod of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch not to participate in any liturgical celebrations or formal theological dialogues in the presence of representatives of the "separated faction of the Church in India".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-19 |title=Three Oriental Orthodox Churches seek to resolve dispute in Malankara Church in India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/three-oriental-orthodox-churches-seek-to-resolve-dispute-in-malankara-church/article69594611.ece |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=The Hindu |publisher=The Hindu Bureau |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Additionally, the Coptic and Armenian representatives extended an invitation to discuss the ongoing rift between the two claimants to the title of Catholicos of the East, in the presence of the Patriarch of Antioch; in response, while welcoming the peace mediation efforts, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (MOSC) issued a statement denouncing the aspects of the joint declaration and also cited the ordination of a new Maphrian in India by Antioch as a violation of its jurisdictional authority.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-05-21 |title=Malankara Orthodox Church says ‘no’ to joint declaration in Kerala |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/May/21/malankara-orthodox-church-says-no-to-joint-declaration-in-kerala |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandran |first=Abhilash |date=2025-05-20 |title=Oriental Orthodox Churches intervene to mediate Malankara Church dispute |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/May/20/oriental-orthodox-churches-intervene-to-mediate-malankara-church-dispute |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 10 November 2025, Catholicos Mathews III was received by Pope Tawadros II in Cairo, and a meeting was held.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-10 |title= കാതോലിക്കാ ബാവാ കോപ്റ്റിക് ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് സഭാതലവനുമായി കൂടിക്കാഴ്ച്ച നടത്തി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/global-malayali/gulf/2025/11/10/malankara-orthodox-coptic-meeting.html |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=Manorama Online |language=en}}</ref> Following discussions, the formation of a joint committee between the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church was proposed, mediated by the Coptic and Armenian Churches.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=BishopAngaelos |number=1987971070708592643 |title=A privilege to be in Cairo today accompanying His Holiness Pope Tawadros II, as part of an official delegation with HE Metropolitan Thomas and Bishop Angelos, to welcome HH Catholicos Mar Basilios Mar Toma Mattius.}}</ref>

===Order of St. Thomas=== The Order of St. Thomas, the church's highest award is presented to heads of state and churches by the Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. Recipients include Bartholomew I of Constantinople, Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II, Patriarch of Ethiopia Abune Paulos, Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia Aram I, and Patriarch of Ethiopia Abune Mathias.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://malankaraorthodox.tv/?p=62396 |website=Malankaraorthodox.tv| title=Recipients of the order of St. Thomas| access-date=1 August 2018}}</ref>

==See also== {{Portal|Christianity|India}} *List of Malankara metropolitans *List of metropolitans of the Indian Orthodox Church

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Bibliography== {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Cite book|last1=Baum|first1=Wilhelm|author-link1=Wilhelm Baum (historian)|last2=Winkler|first2=Dietmar W.|title=The Church of the East: A Concise History|year=2003|location=London-New York|publisher=Routledge-Curzon|isbn=9781134430192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ}} * {{Cite journal|last=Brock|first=Sebastian P.|author-link=Sebastian P. Brock|title=Miaphysite, not Monophysite!|journal=Cristianesimo Nella Storia|year=2016|volume=37|number=1|pages=45–52|isbn=9788815261687|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwKJDAEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Leslie W.|title=The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar|year=1956|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H9gYAAAAIAAJ}} * {{Citation | last = Fahlbusch | first = Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley | year = 198 | title = The Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008 | isbn = 978-0-8028-2417-2 }} * {{Cite book|last=Frykenberg|first=Robert E.|title=Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present|year=2008|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-826377-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ}} * Joseph Cheeran, et al.(2002) Tradition and History of Indian Orthodox Church, p. 300–423 * Menachery, George (1973). [http://www.indianchristianity.com/ ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India Vol. II'']. * Menachery, George (1998). [http://www.indianchristianity.com/ ''The Indian Church History Classics: The Nazranies'']. * {{Cite book|last=Neill|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Neill|title=Colonialism and Christian Missions|year=1966|location=New York|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgdLAAAAIAAJ}} * {{Cite book|last=Neill|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Neill|title=A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707|year=2004|orig-year=1984|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521548854|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC}} * {{Cite book|last=Neill|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Neill|title=A History of Christianity in India: 1707-1858|year=2002|orig-year=1985|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521893329|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi-tvrYbYxMC}} * Tamcke, Martin (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=E2UYCm6b2v0C&dq=%22Ignatius+Abdul+Masih+II%22&pg=PA214 ''Die Christen vom tur Abdin: Hinführung zur Syrisch-orthodoxen Kirche'']. Verlag Otto Lembeck. 3874765806. * {{Cite book|last=Vadakkekara|first=Benedict|title=Origin of Christianity in India: A Historiographical Critique|year=2007|location=Delhi|publisher=Media House|isbn=9788174952585|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f3YAAAAMAAJ}} * Van der Ploeg, J. P. M. (1983). ''The Christians of St. Thomas in South India and their Syriac Manuscripts''. Dharmaram Publications. * {{Cite book|last=Wilmshurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|year=2000|location=Louvain|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042908765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC}} * {{Cite book|last=Wilmshurst|first=David|title=The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East|year=2011|location=London|publisher=East & West Publishing Limited|isbn=9781907318047|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfxNtwAACAAJ}} * {{Cite journal|last=Winkler|first=Dietmar W.|title=Miaphysitism: A New Term for Use in the History of Dogma and in Ecumenical Theology|journal=The Harp|year=1997|volume=10|number=3|pages=33–40|url=https://www.academia.edu/15344445}} {{Refend}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church}} * [http://mosc.in/ Official website of the Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Syrian Church] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090923113736/http://www.catholicate.org/ Complete website of Catholicos of The East and Malankara Metropolitan] * [http://marthoman.tv/images/MOSC%20Constitution.pdf Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Constitution of 1934] * [http://orthodoxradio.in/ Indian Orthodox Radio | E – Radio from the Shores of Malankara to the World] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051218230815/http://www.orthodoxherald.com/ Indian Orthodox Herald: News about the Catholicate of the East] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140518135510/http://www.mathamariammedia.com/ Matha Mariam Media: A Complete Orthodox Web Portal maintained by Trivandrum Diocese] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082948/http://www.icon.org.in/icon_prev_catholicoses.icon ICON Indian Christian Orthodox Network – Catholicos of the East] * [http://marthoman.tv/ Malankara Orthodox TV]

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Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Category:1912 establishments in British India Category:Members of the National Council of Churches Category:Members of the World Council of Churches Category:Oriental Orthodox organizations established in the 20th century Category:Affiliated institutions of the National Council of Churches in India