{{Short description|Genus of lichens}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Salted Starburst Lichen (4751282594).jpg | image_caption = ''Imshaugia aleurites'' in the Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina. Scale bar is 1 cm | taxon = Imshaugia | authority = S.L.F.Mey. (1985) | type_species = ''Imshaugia aleurites'' | type_species_authority = (Ach.) S.L.F.Mey. (1985) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''I. aleurites''<br /> ''I. angustior''<br /> ''I. evernica''<br /> ''I. placorodia''<br /> ''I. pyxiniformis''<br /> ''I. sipmanii''<br /> ''I. venezolana'' }}
'''''Imshaugia''''' is a genus of seven species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.<ref name="CoL"/> They are commonly known as '''starburst lichens'''.
==Taxonomy== The genus was circumscribed by Susan Meyer in 1985 as a segregate of ''Parmeliopsis''. In a previous study of ''Parmeliopsis'',<ref name="Meyer 1982"/> Meyer noted a group of species (represented by ''P. aleurites'' and ''P. placorodia'') that would be better accommodated in a separate genus. This had been previously noted by other lichenologists: in 1932, Vilmos Gyelnik proposed the section ''Pallidifera'' to include the grey species of ''Parmeliopsis'';<ref name="Gyelnik 1932"/> in 1936 Johannes Hillmann proposed section ''Rectoconidia'' to contain species with short and straight conidia.<ref name="Hillman 1936"/> Meyer created ''Imshaugia'' on the basis of its emergent and partly marginal pycnidia (they are immersed and laminal in ''Parmeliopsis''), its short, {{lichengloss|ampulliform}} (flask-shaped) or {{lichengloss|bifusiform}} (tapering at both ends) conidia (these are long and curved in ''Parmeliopsis''), and the presence of ''Cetraria''-type lichenan in its cell walls rather than isolichenan as in ''Parmeliopsis''.<ref name="Meyer 1985"/>
The generic name honours the American lichenologist Henry Andrew Imshaug (1925–2010), "in recognition of his contributions to lichenology."<ref name="Meyer 1985"/> ''Imshaugia'' species are commonly known as "starburst lichens".<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001"/>
==Description== ''Imshaugia'' lichens are foliose with a mineral-grey to whitish-grey thallus and a whitish to light brown lower surface.<ref name="Meyer 1985"/> They grow as small rosettes, comprising small {{lichengloss|lobes}} measuring 1–2 mm wide. Pseudocyphellae and soredia are absent from the thallus, but isidia may be present.<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001"/> The upper cortex is {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}} (a cell arrangement where the hyphae are oriented in all directions), measuring 10–20 μm thick, and covered by an {{lichengloss|epicortex}} with pores.<ref name="Hinds 1999"/>
The apothecia are of the ''Lecanora''-type, resembling large, concave brown {{lichengloss|discs}}. {{lichengloss|Ascospores}} are colourless, ellipsoid, and number eight per ascus. Conidia have a short {{lichengloss|bacilliform}} shape with a swelling towards one end, and measure 3–4.5 μm long.<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001"/> The phycobiont in ''Imshaugia'' is green algae – ''Trebouxia'' in ''I. aleurites'', and ''Myrmecia'' in ''I. placorodia''. The thallus contains thamnolic acid and atranorin.<ref name="Hinds 1999"/>
==Habitat and distribution== [[File:Imshaugia placorodia - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|thumb|right|''Imshaugia placorodia'', photographed in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Scale bar is 5 mm]] ''Imshaugia'' grows most commonly on the bark and wood of conifers, and prefers woodland habitats that are open and well-lit.<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001"/> They have also been recorded on hardwoods and wood fences.<ref name="Meyer 1985"/> The South American species ''I. sipmanii'', however, is saxicolous.<ref name="Elix 2004"/> ''Imshaugia placorodia'' has been noted to display a preference for the bark of the tree species pitch pine (''Pinus rigida'') and Jack pine (''Pinus banksiana''). The type species, ''Imshaugia aleurites'', is widely distributed in northern North America, having been recorded from the tree line in the Arctic south through all of the boreal region and most of the temperate region.<ref name="Hinds 1999"/>
==Species== Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept six species of ''Imshaugia''.<ref name="CoL"/> *''Imshaugia aleurites'' {{small|(Ach.) S.L.F.Mey. (1985)}} *''Imshaugia angustior'' {{small|(Nyl.) Sipman (2021)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021"/> *''Imshaugia evernica'' {{small|(Elix & J.Johnst.) Elix (1993)}} – New South Wales *''Imshaugia placorodia'' {{small|(Ach.) S.L.F.Mey. (1985)}} *''Imshaugia pyxiniformis'' {{small|Elix (2004)}}<ref name="Elix 2004"/> – Brazil *''Imshaugia sipmanii'' {{small|Elix (2004)}}<ref name="Elix 2004"/> – Venezuela *''Imshaugia venezolana'' {{small|(Hale) Elix (2004)}}<ref name="Elix 2004"/> – Venezuela
The species ''Imshaugia subarida'', proposed by John Elix in 2004 (a new combination from genus ''Canoparmelia''),<ref name="Elix 2004"/> has since been transferred to ''Austroparmelina''.<ref name="Crespo 2010"/>
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001">{{cite book |first1=Irwin M. |last1=Brodo |first2=Sylvia Duran |last2=Sharnoff |first3=Stephen |last3=Sharnoff |title=Lichens of North America |year=2001 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=360–361 |isbn=978-0300082494}}</ref>
<ref name="CoL">{{Catalogue of Life |id=542Z |title=''Imshaugia'' |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="Crespo 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Crespo |first1=Ana |last2=Ferencova |first2=Zuzana |last3=Pérez-Ortega |first3=Sergio |last4=Elix |first4=John A. |last5=Divakar |first5=Pradeep K. |year=2010 |title=''Austroparmelina'', a new Australasian lineage in parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=209–221 |doi=10.1080/14772001003738320|s2cid=84715679 }}</ref>
<ref name="Elix 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Elix |first1=John A. |title=Two new species of ''Imshaugia'' (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) from South America |year=2004 |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=337–341 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0090/002/0337.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="Gyelnik 1932">{{cite journal |last1=Gyelnik |first1=V. |title=Über einige Arten der Gattung ''Parmeliopsis'' (Stiztenb.) Nyl. |year=1932 |journal=Annales Mycologici |volume=30 |pages=456–459 |language=German |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59685/0030/005/0456.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="Hinds 1999">{{cite journal |last1=Hinds |first1=James W. |title=Lichen flora of eastern North America: the genera ''Parmeliopsis'' and ''Imshaugia'' |journal=Mycotaxon |year=1999 |volume=72 |pages=271–288 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0072/0271.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="Hillman 1936">{{cite book |last1=Hillman |first1=J. |title=Parmeliaceae |series=Kryptogamen-flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz |editor-last1=Rabenhorst |editor-first1=L. |year=1936 |edition=2 |volume=9 |publisher=Eduard Kummer |location=Leipzig}}</ref>
<ref name="Lücking et al. 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=R. |last2=Moncada |first2=B. |last3=Soto-Medina |first3=E. |last4=Simijaca |first4=D. |last5=Sipman |first5=H.J.M. |year=2021 |title=Actualización nomenclatural y taxonómica del Catálogo de Líquenes de Colombia |journal=Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales |volume=45 |issue=174 |page=153 |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="Meyer 1982">{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Susan L.F. |title=Segregation of the new lichen genus ''Foraminella'' from ''Parmeliopsis'' |journal=Mycologia |volume=74 |issue=4 |year=1982 |pages=592–598 |doi=10.2307/3792746 |jstor=3792746 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0074/004/0592.htm|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
<ref name="Meyer 1985">{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Susan L.F. |title=The new lichen genus ''Imshaugia'' (Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae) |journal=Mycologia |volume=77 |issue=2 |year=1985 |pages=336–338 |doi=10.2307/3793090 |jstor=3793090 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0077/002/0336.htm|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6008411}}
Category:Parmeliaceae Category:Lichen genera Category:Lecanorales genera Category:Taxa described in 1985