{{Short description|Tribe of cichlid fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Temporal range|48.6|0|refs=<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Maria C.|last1=Malabarba|first2=Luiz R.|last2=Malabarba|first3=Hernán|last3=López-Fernández|year=2014|title=On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=34|issue=1|pages=49–58|doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.830021}}</ref><ref name="Rican2013"/>|PS=Early Eocene–present}} | image = Jaguar cichlid (Parachromis managuensis), male, 2017.jpg | image_caption = ''Parachromis managuensis'' | taxon = Heroini | authority = S. O. Kullander, 1998 }}
'''Heroini''' is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the family Cichlidae (cichlids). All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where the only non-Heroini cichlids are ''Andinoacara'' and ''Geophagus'') and several species from South America (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus ''Cichlasoma'' (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini) but have since been moved to other genera.
In other classifications, the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae.<ref name="Smith2008"/>
==Genera== {{As of|2024}}, this tribe includes 46 valid genera and approximately 184 species:<ref name="Rican2016"/>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| * ''Amatitlania'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small> * ''Amphilophus'' <small>(Agassiz, 1859)</small> * ''Archocentrus'' <small>(Gill, 1877)</small> * ''Astatheros'' <small>(Pellegrin, 1904)</small> * ''Australoheros'' <small>(Říčan & Kullander, 2006)</small> * ''Caquetaia'' <small>(Fowler, 1945)</small> * ''Chiapaheros'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Chocoheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> * ''Chortiheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> * ''Chuco'' <small>(Fernández-Yépez, 1969)</small> * ''Cincelichthys'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Cribroheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> * ''Cryptoheros'' <small>(Allgayer, 2001)</small> * ''Darienheros'' <small>(Říčan & Novák, 2016)</small> * ''Herichthys'' <small>(Baird & Girard, 1854)</small> * ''Heroina'' <small>(Kullander, 1996)</small> * ''Heros'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small> * ''Herotilapia'' <small>(Pellegrin, 1904)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Hoplarchus'' <small>(Kaup, 1860)</small> * ''Hypselecara'' <small>(Kullander, 1986)</small> * ''Hypsophrys'' <small>(Agassiz, 1859)</small> * ''Isthmoheros'' <small>(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)</small> * ''Kronoheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> * ''Maskaheros'' <small>(McMahan & Piller, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Mayaheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> * ''Mesoheros'' <small>(McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Mesonauta'' <small>(Günther, 1867)</small> * ''Nandopsis'' <small>(Gill, 1862)</small> * ''Neetroplus'' <small>(Günther, 1867)</small> * ''Oscura'' <small>(McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Panamius'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small> * ''Parachromis'' <small>(Agassiz, 1859)</small> * ''Paraneetroplus'' <small>(Regan, 1905)</small> * ''Petenia'' <small>(Günther, 1862)</small> * ''Pterophyllum'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small> * ''Rheoheros'' <small>(McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Rocio'' <small>(Schmitter-Soto, 2007)</small> * ''Symphysodon'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small> * ''Talamancaheros'' <small>(Říčan & Novák, 2016)</small> * ''Theraps'' <small>(Günther, 1862)</small> * ''Thorichthys'' <small>(Meek, 1904)</small> * ''Tomocichla'' <small>(Regan, 1908)</small> * ''Trichromis'' <small>(McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Uaru'' <small>(Heckel, 1840)</small> * ''Vieja'' <small>(Fernández-Yépez, 1969)</small><ref name="Mahan2015"/> * ''Wajpamheros'' <small>(Říčan & Piálek, 2016)</small> }}
===Genera of disputed validity=== * ''Kihnichthys'' <small>(McMahan & Matamoros, 2015)</small><ref name=Mahan2015/> – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)<ref name="Rican2016"/> and Azas (2020)<ref name="Azas2020"/> to be a junior synonym of ''Cincelichthys''. * ''Nosferatu'' <small>(De la Maza-Benignos ''et. al'', 2015)</small><ref name="De la Maza-Benignos2015"/> – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016)<ref name="Rican2016"/> and FishBase<ref name="FishBase - Herichthys"/> to be an invalid synonym of ''Herichthys''.
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Azas2020">{{cite journal|last=Azas|first=Juan Miguel Artigas|date=October 2021|title=''Kihnichthys'', a junior synonym of ''Cincelichthys''|journal=Cichlid News Magazine|volume=29|edition=4|pages=10–12}}</ref> to be a junior synonym of ''Cincelichthys''.
<ref name="De la Maza-Benignos2015">{{cite journal |author1=De la Maza-Benignos M. |author2=Ornelas-García C.P. |author3=Lozano-Vilano M.d.L. |author4=García-Ramírez M.E. |author5=Doadrio I. | year = 2015 | title = Phylogeographic analysis of genus ''Herichthys'' (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with descriptions of ''Nosferatu'' new genus and ''H. tepehua'' n. sp. | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 748 | issue = 1| pages = 201–231 | doi=10.1007/s10750-014-1891-8|hdl=10261/126238 |s2cid=254551771 | hdl-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="FishBase - Herichthys">{{cite web|editor1=Christopher Scharpf|editor2=Kenneth J. Lazara|name-list-style=&|title=Fish Identification|version=May 2024|url=https://fishbase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Herichthys|access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="Mahan2015">{{cite journal|author=McMahan, C.D.|author2=Matamoros, W.A.|author3=Piller, K.R.|author4=Chakrabarty, P.|year=2015|title=Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3999|issue=2|pages=211–234|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/zt03999p234.pdf|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.3|pmid=26623572}}</ref>
<ref name="Rican2013">{{cite journal|last1=Říčan|first1=Oldřich|last2=Piálek|first2=Lubomír|last3=Zardoya|first3=Rafael|last4=Doadrio|first4=Ignacio|last5=Zrzavy|first5=Jan|name-list-style=&|title=Biogeography of the Mesoamerican Cichlidae (Teleostei: Heroini): Colonization through the GAARlandia land bridge and early diversification|date=March 2013|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260138359|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=40|issue=3|pages=579–593|doi=10.1111/jbi.12023 |url-status=live|access-date=14 May 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240321133311/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260138359_Biogeography_of_the_Mesoamerican_Cichlidae_Teleostei_Heroini_Colonization_through_the_GAARlandia_land_bridge_and_early_diversification|archive-date=21 March 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="Rican2016">{{cite journal|last1=Říčan|first1=O.|last2=Piálek|first2=L.|last3=Dragová|first3=K.|last4=Novák|first4=J.|year=2016|title=Diversity and evolution of the Middle American cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with revised classification|url=http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/vertebratezoology/vz66-1/01_vertebrate_zoology_66-1_rican_1-102.pdf|journal=Vertebrate Zoology|volume=66|issue=1|pages=1–102|doi=10.3897/vz.66.e31534 |doi-access=free |access-date=2018-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405044728/http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/vertebratezoology/vz66-1/01_vertebrate_zoology_66-1_rican_1-102.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref>
<ref name="Smith2008">{{cite journal|author1=Wm. Leo Smith|author2=Prosanta Chakrabarty|author3=John S. Sparks|year=2008|title=Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae)|journal=Cladistics|volume=24|issue=5|pages=624–641|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x|url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1815&context=biosci_pubs|doi-access=free}} Abstract</ref>
}}
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Category:Heroini Category:Fish tribes Category:Cichlid fish of Central America Category:Cichlid fish of South America Category:Extant Lutetian first appearances
{{Cichlinae-stub}}