[[File:Telomeres 01.jpg|thumb|right|HCT116 cells stained for γ‐H2AX (green) and telomeric DNA (red)]]
'''HCT116''' is a human colon cancer cell line used in therapeutic research and drug screenings.<ref name=one>{{cite journal|title=Characterization of HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells in an Orthotopic Model|journal=Journal of Surgical Research|date=15 June 2008|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.021|pmid=17961596|volume=147|issue=2|pages=276–281|first1=Ashwani|last1=Rajput|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
==Characteristics== HCT116 cells have a mutation in codon 13 of the KRAS proto-oncogene, and are suitable transfection targets for gene therapy research.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atcc.org/products/all/CCL-247.aspx|publisher=ATCC|access-date=4 May 2018|title=HCT 116 }}</ref> The cells have an epithelial morphology and can metastasize in xenograft models.<ref name=one /> When transducted with viral vectors carrying the p53 gene, HCT116 cells remain arrested in the G1 phase.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Regulation of p53 Stability and Function in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells|date=9 December 2003|doi=10.1074/jbc.M311732200|pmid=14665630|first1=Matthias|last1=Kaeser|display-authors=etal|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=279|issue=9|pages=7598–7605|doi-access=free}}</ref> The proliferation of HCT116 colonies was found to be inhibited by 5-Fu/P85 copolymer micelles.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Colon Cancer by Delivering 5-Fluorouracil-loaded Pluronic P85 Copolymer Micelles|first1=Pengxi|last1=Zhu|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=6|article-number=20896|date=11 February 2016|doi=10.1038/srep20896|pmid=26864651|pmc=4750032|bibcode=2016NatSR...620896Z}}</ref> Furthermore, it was found that the knockout of MARCH2 limited growth of HCT116 cells via stress on the endoplasmic reticulum.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Knockout of MARCH2 inhibits the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress|first1=Dan|last1=Xia|doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.347|pmid=28749466|journal=Cell Death and Disease|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e2957|date=27 July 2017|pmc=5584615}}</ref>
==Use in research== HCT116 cells are used in a variety of biomedical studies involving colon cancer proliferation and corresponding inhibitors. The cell line has been used in tumorigenicity studies, along with other research that has shown that Cyclin D1 holds large importance for the activity of lithocholic acid hydroxyamide. HCT116 cells can also function in xenografts, with docetaxel, 5-FU, and flavopiridol limiting tumor growth ''in vitro''.
The HCT116 cell line was found to have two variations; one with a large expression of the Insp8 gene, and the other without. The Insp8 gene is part of a cell's energy metabolism process, and can affect the cellular phenotype as a result.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Inositol Pyrophosphate Profiling of Two HCT116 Cell Lines Uncovers Variation in InsP8 Levels|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=11|issue=10|article-number=e0165286|date=27 October 2016|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0165286|pmid=27788189|pmc=5082907|first1=Chunfang|last1=Gu|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1165286G|doi-access=free}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== *[https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0291 Cellosaurus entry for HCT116]
Category: Human cell lines Category:Colorectal cancer cell lines Category:Colorectal cancer Category:Cancer cell lines
{{oncology-stub}} {{genetics-stub}}