{{Short description|Legendary figure in Jainism}} {{About|the legendary figure in Jainism|the media franchise|Baahubali (franchise)}} {{good article}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}} {{Infobox deity | type = Jain | image = Gommateshwara, Shravanabelagola.jpg | caption = The 57-foot (17-m) high Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola, was built in c. 983 CE | alt = Bahubali ಬಾಹುಬಲಿ | other_names = Gommateshwara, Kammateshwara | father = Rishabha | mother = Sunandā | siblings = Sundarī (sister) <br> • Bharata, Nimi, and 97 other (half-brothers)<br>• Brāhmī (half-sister) | height = 525 bows (17 metres) | birth_place = Ayodhya | moksha_place = Ashtapada | affiliation = Jainism | children = Mahābala Somakīrti or Somayaśa (son){{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=106}} }} {{Jainism}} '''Bahubali''' ({{IAST3|Bāhubalī}}, {{lit|one with strong arms}}) was the son of Rishabhanatha (the first ''tirthankara'' of Jainism) and the brother of the ''chakravartin'' Bharata. He is a revered figure in Jainism. He is said to have meditated motionless for 12 years in a standing posture (''kayotsarga''), with climbing plants having grown around his legs. After his 12 years of meditation, he is said to have attained omniscience (''kevala jnana''). Bahubali's other names are '''Kammateshwara''' and '''Gommateshwara''', the namesake of the Gommateshwara statue dedicated to him.
==Legends== The ''Adipurana'', a 9th-century Sanskrit poem, deals with the ten lives of the first ''tirthankara'', Rishabhanatha and his two sons Bharata and Bahubali. It was composed by Jinasena, a ''Digambara monk''.{{sfn|Granoff|1993|p=208}}
===Family life=== thumb|Depiction of Bharata-Bahubali fight|left
According to Jain texts, Bahubali was born to Rishabhanatha and Sunanda during the Ikshvaku dynasty in Ayodhya.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=212}}{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=xv}}{{sfn|Dundas|2002|p=120}} He is said to have excelled in studying medicine, archery, floriculture, and the knowledge of precious gems. Bahubali had a son named Somakirti (also known as Mahabala).{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=106}}. In the Adipurana, Bahubali is described as the first of the twenty-four Kamadevas of the current age, a title denoting exceptional beauty and heroic charisma. Jinasena notes that Bahubali’s unmatched physical splendor drew women, who called him Manobhava, Manoja, Manmatha, Angaja, and Madana.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jinasena |author-link=Jinasena |title=Ādipurāṇa of Āchārya Jinasena |volume=1 |translator=Pannalal Jain |publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |language=sa, hi |chapter=16 |at=vv. 9–26}}</ref>
When Rishabhanatha decided to become a monk, he distributed his kingdom among his 100 sons. Bharata was gifted the kingdom of Vinita (Ayodhya) and Bahubali got the kingdom of Asmaka from South India, having Podanapur as its capital.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}} After winning six divisions of earth in all directions (''digvijaya''), Bharata proceeded to his capital Ayodhyapuri with a huge army and divine ''chakra-ratna''—spinning, disk-like super weapon with serrated edges.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}} But the ''chakra-ratna'' stopped on its own at the entrance of Ayodhyapuri, signalling to the emperor that his 99 brothers had yet not submitted to his authority.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2013|p=x}} Bharata's 98 brothers became Jain monks and submitted their kingdoms to him. Bahubali was endowed with the final and superior body of extraordinary sturdiness and strength (''vajra-ṛṣabhanārācasaṃhanana'') like Bharata.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2013|p=xi}} He hurled open defiance at the ''chakravartin'' and challenged him to a fight.{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=143}}
The ministers on both sides gave the following argument to prevent war; "The brothers themselves, cannot be killed by any means; they are in their last incarnations in transmigration, and possess bodies which no weapon may mortally wound in warfare! Let them fight out the issue by themselves in other ways."{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=144}} It was then decided that to settle the dispute, three kinds of contests between Bharata and Bahubali would be held. These were eye-fight (staring at each other)(''drishti-yuddha''), water-fight (''jala-yuddha''), and wrestling (''malla-yuddha''). Bahubali won all the three contests over his elder brother, Bharata.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=67}}{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=105}}
The Adipurana further narrates that, after losing the wrestling contest, Bharata became angry and used his divine weapon, the ''chakra-ratna'', against Bahubali. But Bahubali was invincible to it, so the weapon just went around him, lost its power, and stopped near him. Bahubali then thought about how foolish it was to fight with a brother for a perishable kingdom. He scolded Bharata, gave his kingdom to his son Mahabali, and chose to renounce everything by accepting Jain initiation. <ref>{{cite book |last=Jinasena |author-link=Jinasena |title=Adipurāṇa of Acharya Jinasena |volume=2 |translator=Pannalal Jain |publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith |location=New Delhi |year=2011 |edition=13th |isbn=978-81-263-1844-5 |language=sa, hi |chapter=36 |at=vv. 64–70, 99–104}}</ref>
=== Renunciation === [[File:Badami, Höhle 4, Bahubali (1999).jpg|thumb|upright 0.75|Sculpture depicting Bahubali's meditation in ''Kayotsarga'' posture with vines enveloped around his body (Photo: Badami caves)]]
After the fight, Bahubali was filled with disgust at the world and developed a desire for renunciation. Bahubali abandoned all possessions—kingdom, clothes, ornaments—to become a monk, and began meditating with great resolve to attain omniscience (''kevala jnana'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=145}}
He is said to have meditated motionless in a standing posture (''kayotsarga'') for a year, during which time climbing plants grew around his legs.{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|pp=145–146}} However, he was adamant and continued his practice unmindful of the vines, ants, and dust that enveloped his body. According to the Jain text ''Ādi purāṇa'', on the last day of Bahubali's one year long fast, Bharata came in all humility to Bahubali and worshipped him with veneration and respect. A painful regret that he had been the cause of his elder brother's humiliation had been disturbing Bahubali's meditation; this was dispersed when Bharata worshipped him.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ādipurāṇa|author=Āchārya Jinasena|publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith|isbn=978-81-263-1844-5|page=217}}</ref> Bahubali was then able to destroy the four kinds of inimical ''karmas'', including the knowledge obscuring karma, and he attained omniscience (''kevala jnana''). He was now revered as an omniscient being (''Kevali'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|pp=145–146}} Bahubali finally attained liberation (''moksha'') at Mount Kailasha{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929}} and became a pure, liberated soul (''siddha'').{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1929|p=146}} As per texts, he was one of the first ''Digambara'' monks to have attained ''moksha'' in the present half-cycle of time.(''Avasarpiṇī'').{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}
== Early images and museum collections ==
Early depictions of Bahubali occur in South Indian and Deccan Jain art. Cave 4 at Badami includes a 7th–8th-century relief of Bahubali in the ''kayotsarga'' posture, identified by the creepers growing around his legs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badami Cave 4 |url=https://imp-art.org/articles/badami-cave-4/ |website=Impart |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref> At Ellora, the Jain caves include 9th-century reliefs of Bahubali; in Cave 32 he is shown with attendants removing vines from his legs, celestial figures above, and deer at his feet.<ref>{{cite web |last=Owen |first=Lisa N. |title=The multireligious caves at Ellora |url=https://smarthistory.org/the-multireligious-caves-at-ellora/ |website=Smarthistory |date=29 July 2021 |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York holds a Chalukyan-period copper-alloy image of Bahubali from Karnataka, dated to the late 6th–7th century. The museum describes the 11.1 cm icon as the oldest Jain image in its collection and the earliest known representation of Bahubali in Jain art.<ref name="MetBahubali">{{cite web |title=Jain Siddha Bahubali, Entwined with Forest Vines |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/39134 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
A 14th-century basalt figure of Bahubali in the British Museum was exhibited in the United States in ''The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India'' at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Kimbell Art Museum, and the New Orleans Museum of Art.<ref>{{cite web |title=Figure |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1880-241 |website=British Museum |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
== Statues == ===Karnataka=== There are five monolithic statues of Bahubali measuring more than 6 m (20 feet) in height in Karnataka:
* 17.4 m (57 feet) at Shravanabelagola in Hassan District in 981 CE{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=25}}<ref name=toi/> * 12.8 m (42 feet) at Karkala in Udupi District in 1430<ref name=toi/> * 11.9 m (39 feet) at Dharmasthala in Dakshina Kannada District in 1973<ref name=toi/> * 10.7 m (35 feet) at Venur in Dakshina Kannada District in 1604<ref name=toi/> * 6 m (17.5 feet) at Gommatagiri in Mysore District in 14th century CE<ref name="Hindu" />
===Maharashtra=== * 8m (28 feet) at Kumbhoj in Kolhapur district in 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Bahubali of Kumbhoj [Statue] |url=https://www.kolhapurtravels.com/kolhapur-kumbhoj-bahubali-jahaj-mandir.php |website=KolhapurTravels.com|access-date=23 May 2023 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227131043/http://www.kolhapurtravels.com/kolhapur-kumbhoj-bahubali-jahaj-mandir.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 8m (28 feet) at [https://www.jainmandir.org/Temple/Shri-1008-Bahubali-Digamber-Jain-Mandir,-Mumbra,-District---Thane-%28Maharashtra%29 Mumbra] in Thane district in 1965<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Bahubali of Mumbra [Statue] |url=https://www.jainmandir.org/Temple/Shri-1008-Bahubali-Digamber-Jain-Mandir,-Mumbra,-District---Thane-%28Maharashtra%29}}</ref>
=== Uttar Pradesh === * {{convert|13.8|m}} at Mahavir Jain temple in Firozabad in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jain Mandir {{!}} District Firozabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://firozabad.nic.in/tourist-place/jain-mandir |website=District Firozabad |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref> * {{convert|7|m}} at Bahubaleshwar Temple in Greater Noida
===Tamil Nadu=== * 7.3 m (24 feet) at Polur in Tiruvannamalai District in 2023.
===United States of America=== thumb|Chalukyan-period copper-alloy image of Bahubali in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. * The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York has a Chalukyan-period copper-alloy image titled ''Jain Siddha Bahubali, Entwined with Forest Vines'', from Karnataka and dated to the late 6th–7th century. The museum describes it as the oldest Jain image in its collection and as the earliest known representation of Bahubali in Jain art. The small icon, 11.1 cm (4 3/8 in.) high, depicts Bahubali in the Kayotsarga(body-abandonment posture) with forest vines, a motif connected with his meditation, renunciation, and attainment of moksha.<ref name="MetBahubali">{{cite web |title=Jain Siddha Bahubali, Entwined with Forest Vines |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/39134 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="GuyJainSculpture">{{cite web |last=Guy |first=John |title=Jain Sculpture |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/jain-sculpture |website=Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=January 2012 |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
* In 2016, a separate metal image of Bahubali from Andhra Pradesh was among Indian antiquities retrieved from the United States, according to a Government of India list of repatriated artefacts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1379: Repatriation of Artefacts |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/17/AU1379.pdf?source=pqals |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India |date=11 February 2019 |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
=== Shravanabelagola === {{main|Gommateshwara statue}} The monolithic statue of Bahubali at Shravanabelagola, located {{Convert|158|km|miles|abbr=on}} from Bangalore, was carved from a single block of granite. The statue was commissioned by the Ganga dynasty minister and commander Chavundaraya; it is {{convert|57 |ft|m|adj=on}} tall and is situated above a hill in Shravanabelagola, in the Hassan district of Karnataka. It was built in and around 981 CE and is one of the largest free-standing statues in the world.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=66}}{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=212}}{{sfn|Rice|1889|p=53}} The statue is visible from {{Convert|25|km|miles}} away. Shravanabelagola has remained a centre of pilgrimage (''tirtha'') for the Jains.<ref>{{citation |title=March of Mysore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97YeAQAAIAAJ |date=1966 |publisher=University of California |volume=3 |page=56 }}</ref> The statue is bathed at an interval of every 12 years and this event is celebrated as ''Mahamastakabhisheka''.<ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali Mahamastakabhisheka Mahotsav: Here is the history of the Jain festival PM Modi attended today |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/research/bahubali-mahamastakabhisheka-mahotsav-history-of-the-jain-festival-pm-narendra-modi-shravanabelagola-5070113/ |work=The Indian Express |date=19 February 2018 }}</ref>
=== Karkala === {{Main|Gommateshwara statue, Karkala}} [[File:Gomateshwara Statue, Karkala.jpg|thumb|upright 0.75|left|Bahubali monolith of Karkala]] Karkala is known for its {{convert|42|feet|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} monolithic statue of Gomateshwara Bahubali, which is believed to have been built around 1432 and is the second-tallest statue in the State.<ref name=toi>{{citation |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |author-link=Stanley Pinto |title=12-year wait ends, all eyes on 42-ft-tall Karkala Bahubali |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/12-year-wait-ends-all-eyes-on-42-ft-tall-Karkala-Bahubali/articleshow/45964077.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 January 2015 |agency=Times News Network |location=Mangaluru }}</ref>{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}} The statue is built on an elevated platform on top of a rocky hill. It was consecrated on 13 February 1432 by Veera Pandya Bhair Arasa Wodeyar, scion of the Bhair Arasa dynasty, feudatory of the Vijayanagar Ruler.<ref name=toi/><ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali abhisheka from today |url=http://thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bahubali-abhisheka-from-today/article6806743.ece |work=The Hindu |date=21 January 2015 }}</ref>
===Dharmastala=== thumb|Bahubali monolith of Dharmastala {{Main|Dharmastala}}
A {{convert|39|feet|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} high statue with a {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} pedestal that weighs about {{Convert|175|tonnes|kg|abbr=on}} is installed at Dharmasthala in Karnataka.<ref name=toi/>
=== Venur === [[File:Venur_-_Bahubali.JPG|thumb|upright 0.75|Bahubali monolith of Venur]] {{Main|Venur}} Venur is a small town in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state, situated on the bank of the Gurupura River. Thimmanna Ajila built a {{Convert|38|feet|m|abbr=out|adj=on}} colossus of Gommateshwara there in 1604.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}}<ref name=toi/>{{sfn|Titze|1998|p=48}} The statue at Venur is the shortest of the three Gommateshwaras within {{Convert|250|km|miles|abbr=on}} around it. It stands in an enclosure on the same pattern as that of the statue at Shravanabelagola. The Kings of Ajila Dynasty ruled here from 1154 to 1786.<ref>{{citation |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |author-link=Stanley Pinto |title=10-day Mahamastakabhisheka at Karkala from today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/10-day-Mahamastakabhisheka-at-Karkala-from-today/articleshow/45962346.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 January 2015 |location=Mangaluru |agency=TNN }}</ref>
=== Gommatagiri === {{Main|Gommatagiri}} [[File:Statue of Bahubali at Gommatagiri, Mysore.JPG|thumb|left|upright 0.75|Bahubali monolith of Gommatagiri, Mysore]] Gommatagiri is an acclaimed Jain centre. The 12th-century granite statue of Bahubali, also known as Gomateshwara, is erected atop a {{Convert|50|m|feet|abbr=out|adj=on}} tall hillock called 'Shravana Gudda'.<ref name=Hindu>{{citation |title=Gommatagiri statue crying for attention |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article3243137.ece |work=The Hindu |date=22 January 2006 }}</ref> The Jain centre attracts many pilgrims during the annual ''Mahamastakabhisheka'' in September.<ref name=Hindu/>{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=90}} The statue at Gommatagiri is very similar to the {{Convert|58|feet|m|abbr=out|adj=on}} Gommateshwara statue in Shravanabelagola, except that it is smaller. Historians attribute the statue to an early Vijayanagar period.<ref name=Hindu/>
=== Kumbhoj === [[File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG|thumb|{{convert|28|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high monolith of Bahubali at Kumbhoj]] {{Main|Kumbhoj}}
Kumbhoj is the name of an ancient town located in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. The town is about eight kilometers from Hatkanangale, about twenty seven kilometers from Kolhapur. The famous Jain pilgrimage centre where a {{convert|28|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high statue of Bahubali is installed is {{convert|2|km}} from the Kumbhoj city.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=91}}
=== Aretipur === There is a {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}}-high statue of Bahubali at Aretipur, Near Kokrebellur Village of Madur Taluk Mandya district.<ref>{{citation |title=Bahubali of Aretipur |url=http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/heritage/bahubali-of-artipura/article8455428.ece |work=Frontline |date=29 April 2016 }}</ref>
In 2016, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) excavated another {{convert|13|feet|m|adj=on|abbr=on}}-high statue of Bahubali made in the 3rd – 9th centuries in Aretipur.<ref>{{citation |last=Girish |first=M. B. |author-link=M. B. Girish |title=Another Jain centre under excavation in Mandya district |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151204/nation-current-affairs/article/another-jain-centre-under-excavation-mandya-district |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 February 2016 |orig-year=4 December 2015 }}</ref> ASI has also excavated an 8th-century statue of Bahubali in Aretipur, Maddur, Mandya, Karnataka, that is {{convert|3|feet|m}} wide and {{convert|3.5|feet|m|abbr=on}} tall.<ref>{{citation |title=Eighth Century Jain Temple Discovered in Maddur |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Eighth-Century-Jain-Temple-Discovered-in-Maddur/2015/01/07/article2607640.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110053310/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Eighth-Century-Jain-Temple-Discovered-in-Maddur/2015/01/07/article2607640.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 January 2015 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=Express News Service |date=7 January 2015 }}</ref>
=== Uttar Pradesh ===
=== Greater Noida === thumb|Bahubaleshwar|left|203x203px The Bahubaleshwar Temple in village Gharbhara has a 23 ft (7.0 m) high Statue of Bahubali in granite.
Built with sustainability in mind, the temple boasts a Miyawaki forest with 5,000 trees, a pond, fountains, mud cottages, and 90% green coverage.
==In literature== upright 0.75|thumb|Poem by Boppanna
The life-story of Bahubali has been discussed in many works.
=== Sanskrit === * The Ādi purāṇa composed by ''Āchārya'' Jinasena. The Gommateshvara statue built by Chavundaraya was influenced by description in this book.{{Sfn|Sangave|2001|p=215}}{{Sfn|Sangave|1981|p=72}} * ''Bahubali charitra'' written in the 9th century CE{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=51}}
=== Prakrit === * ''Gommatesha-thudi'', a religious hymn in praise to Bahubali, was composed by Nemichandra in 10th century CE.{{sfn|Sangave|2001|p=240}} * ''Gommatasa-sara'', composed by Nemichandra, mentions the story of construction of the ''Gommateshwara statue'' by Chavundaraya.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=75}}
=== Kannada === * A 10th-century Kannada text based on the Sanskrit text was written by the poet Adikavi Pampa.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/history2.htm |title=History of Kannada literature |work=kamat.com }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5 |year = 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC&pg=PA78 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=0-85229-760-2 |page=78 }}</ref> * ''Gommata-stuti'' is a poem dated 1180 was composed by a Jain poet named Boppanna (also known as Sujanottamsa), in praise of Bahubali.{{sfn|Sangave|1981|p=84}}{{sfn|Settar|1989|p=264}} * ''Karkala Gommatesvara Charitre'', composed by Chadura Chandrama in 1686 CE, is poem describing the mahamastakabhisheka at Karkala.{{sfn|Reddy|2022|p=231}}
=== Rajasthani === * Bharateshwara Bahubali Ghora composed by ''Vajrasena Suri'' in 1168, is a poem with 48 verses describing the battle between Bharata and Bahubali.{{Sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}}
=== Gujarati === * Bharateshwara Bahubaliras composed by Shalibhadra Suri in 1184, is a poem with 203 stanzas describing the struggle of power between Bharata and Bahubali.{{sfn|Datta|1987|p=454}}{{sfn|Paniker|1997|p=94}}{{sfn|Mukherjee|1998|p=44}}
== Images ==
Pictured below are some of the images depicting Bahubali that are located at various places in India. <gallery> File:Bahubaliji.jpg|Bahubali at Shree Pragat Prabhavi Parshwanatha Temple, Dabhoi File:MET DP216814 - Bahubali 6th century.jpg|Bahubali, Metropolitan Museum of Art (6th CE) File:Gomateswara at Ellora Cave 32.jpg|Indra Sabha, Ellora Caves (9th CE) File:Bahubali monolith at Halebidu.jpg|Bahubali monolith at Halebidu (12th CE) File:Shravanbelgola Gomateshvara miniature.jpg|Miniature version of the Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola File:YSR State arch museum - bahubaludu at patan cheru.jpg|Bahubali statue at YSR state Archaeology Museum, Hyderabad, 12th century File:Bahubali Statue at Bada Gaon (2).jpg|{{convert|31|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} statue of Bahubali at Bada Gaon File:Gommaṭeśvara.JPG|Gomateshwara at Kalugumalai Jain Beds, 8th century File:Cholapandiyapuram andimalai Bahubali.jpg|Bahubali at Andimalai Caves, 10th century File:Bahubali statue atop Shravanabetta.jpg|Bahubali at Aretipur </gallery>
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==See also== {{Commons category}}
*God in Jainism *Jain cosmology *Jainism in Karnataka *Statue of Ahimsa *Bawangaja
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== References == === Citations === {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
===Sources=== * {{Citation |last=Datta|first=Amaresh|author-link=Amaresh Datta|url={{Google books|ObFCT5_taSgC|page=454|plainurl=yes}} |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|date=1987|isbn=9788126018031}} * {{citation|last=Dundas|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Dundas|title=The Jains|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |edition=Second|year=2002|orig-year=1992|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-26605-X|location=London and New York City}} * {{citation|last=Granoff|first=Phyllis|author-link=Phyllis Granoff|title=The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Po9tUNX0SYAC|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|orig-year=1990|isbn=81-208-1150-X}} * {{citation|last=Jain|first=Champat Rai|author-link=Champat Rai Jain|title=Risabha Deva – The Founder of Jainism |url=https://archive.org/details/JainismFounder|publisher=The Indian Press Limited|location=Allahabad|year=1929|quote={{PD-notice}}|ref={{sfnref|Champat Rai Jain|1929}} }} *{{citation|last=Jain|first=Vijay K. |title=Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9CJ3jZpcqYC|date=2013|quote={{PD-notice}}|publisher=Vikalp Printers|isbn=978-81-903639-5-2|ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2013}} }} * {{Citation |last=Mukherjee|first=Sujit |author-link=Sujit Mukherjee|url={{Google books|YCJrUfVtZxoC|page=44|plainurl=yes}} |title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 | volume=1 |publisher=Orient Blackswan|date=1998|isbn=9788125014539}} * {{Citation |last=Paniker|first=K. Ayyappa |author-link=Ayyappa Paniker|url={{Google books|KYLpvaKJIMEC|page=94|plainurl=yes}} |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections | volume=1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|date=1997|isbn=9788126003655}} * {{citation|last=Rice|first=Benjamin Lewis|author-link=B. Lewis Rice|title=Inscriptions at Sravana Belgola: a chief seat of the Jains, (Archaeological Survey of Mysore)|publisher=Government Central Press|location=Mysore|year=1889 |url=https://archive.org/stream/inscriptionsatsr00rice#page/n5/mode/2up}} * {{cite book |last=Reddy |first=Pedarapu Chenna |author-link=P. Chenna Reddy |title=Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies |url={{Google books|kfNgEAAAQBAJ|page=231 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |year=2022 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |isbn=978-93-56114-46-3 }} * {{citation|last=Sangave|first=Vilas Adinath|author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave|title=The Sacred Shravanabelagola (A Socio-Religious Study)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ3S6CW5KKQC|year=1981|publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith|edition=1st}} * {{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave|title=Facets of Jainology: Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture |url={{Google books|QzEQJHWUwXQC|plainurl=yes}} |date=2001 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Mumbai |isbn=978-81-7154-839-2 }} * {{citation |last=Settar |first=S. | author-link=Shadakshari Settar |title=Inviting Death: Indian Attitude Towards the Ritual Death | volume=28 | series=Monographs and theoretical studies in sociology and anthropology |url={{Google books|vmc3vs5Ija0C|pg=RA1-PA264|plainurl=yes}} |year=1989 |publisher=Brill Publishers |isbn=9789004087903 }} * {{citation|last=Titze|first=Kurt|title=Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loQkEIf8z5wC|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|edition=2|date=1998|isbn=81-208-1534-3}} *{{citation|last=Zimmer|first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer|title=Philosophies Of India|year=1953|orig-year=April 1952|editor-first=Joseph|editor-last=Campbell |editor-link=Joseph Campbell|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd|location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/Philosophy.of.India.by.Heinrich.Zimmer|isbn=978-81-208-0739-6}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180809102225/http://shribahubali.org/ Shri Bahubali]
{{Jain Gods}} {{Jainism topics}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Jain saints Category:Solar dynasty Category:Ascetics Category:People in Jain texts Category:God in Jainism