{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} {{Infobox drug | image = Gly-Pro-Glu_structure.png | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 200
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<!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = 32302-76-4 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 3080768 | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB05633 | ChemSpiderID = 2338502 | UNII = ZYK4RVV5LS | KEGG = | ChEBI = 163960 | ChEMBL = 371315 | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms =
<!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = <nowiki>(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanedioic acid</nowiki> | C = 12 | H = 19 | N = 3 | O = 6 | SMILES = C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | StdInChI = 1S/C12H19N3O6/c13-6-9(16)15-5-1-2-8(15)11(19)14-7(12(20)21)3-4-10(17)18/h7-8H,1-6,13H2,(H,14,19)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t7-,8-/m0/s1 | StdInChIKey = JJGBXTYGTKWGAT-YUMQZZPRSA-N }}
'''Glypromate''' ('''Gly-Pro-Glu''', '''GPE''') is a tripeptide fragment derived from the ''N''-terminus of the endogenous growth factor IGF-1. It has antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects and is of interest in the treatment of neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The simple GPE peptide has poor blood-brain barrier penetration and is rapidly metabolised in the body, however a number of synthetic derivatives of GPE have been developed with improved properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sara VR, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Drakenberg K, Giacobini MB, Håkansson L, Mirmiran M, Nordberg A, Olson L, Reinecke M, Ståhlbom PA | title = The biological role of truncated insulin-like growth factor-1 and the tripeptide GPE in the central nervous system | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 692 | issue = 1 | pages = 183–191 | date = August 1993 | pmid = 8215022 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26216.x | bibcode = 1993NYASA.692..183S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guan J | title = Insulin-like growth factor-1 and its derivatives: potential pharmaceutical application for ischemic brain injury | journal = Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–127 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18537771 | doi = 10.2174/157488908784534630 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Guan J, Gluckman PD | title = IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 157 | issue = 6 | pages = 881–891 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19438508 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00256.x | pmc = 2737647 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Baldassarre L, Fornasari E, Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Pinnen F | title = GPE and GPE analogues as promising neuroprotective agents | journal = Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22070686 | doi = 10.2174/138955712798868995 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A | title = Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease | journal = Biomolecules | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 126 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33478054 | doi = 10.3390/biom11010126 | doi-access = free | pmc = 7835747 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silva-Reis SC, Sampaio-Dias IE, Costa VM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE | title = Concise Overview of Glypromate Neuropeptide Research: From Chemistry to Pharmacological Applications in Neurosciences | journal = ACS Chemical Neuroscience | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 554–572 | date = February 2023 | pmid = 36735764 | pmc = 9936549 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00675 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silva-Reis SC, Costa VM, Correia da Silva D, Pereira DM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Sampaio-Dias IE | title = Exploring structural determinants of neuroprotection bias on novel glypromate conjugates with bioactive amines | journal = European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 267 | date = March 2024 | pmid = 38306884 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116174 | article-number = 116174 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ilina AR, Popovich IG, Ryzhak GA, Khavinson VK | title = [Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.] | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 37 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 10–20 | date = 2024 | pmid = 38944767 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Adnan SB, Maarof M, Fauzi MB, Fadilah NI | title = Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review | journal = International Journal of Medical Sciences | volume = 22 | issue = 16 | pages = 4175–4200 | date = 2025 | pmid = 41209547 | pmc = 12595317 | doi = 10.7150/ijms.118118 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang D, Song Y, Yu S, Ma Y, Du W | title = Rational Design of Dual-Targeting Novel GPE-Derived Oligopeptide Conjugates for Alzheimer's Disease: Synergistic Inhibition of Excitotoxicity and Oxidative Stress | journal = ACS Chemical Neuroscience | date = February 2026 | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pmid = 41641951 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00871 | article-number = acschemneuro.5c00871 }}</ref>
== See also == * Cortagen * Copper peptide GHK-Cu * KPV tripeptide * Livagen * ''N''-Acetylcysteine ethyl ester * SVT-NH-ethyl
== References == {{reflist}}
Category:Experimental drugs Category:Anti-inflammatory agents Category:Tripeptides