{{Short description|Italian cardinal}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Giuseppe Pizzardo | honorific-suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = Prefect of the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities | image = Cardinal Pizzardo.JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = | church = | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = 14 March 1939 | term = | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 13 January 1968 | predecessor = Gaetano Bisleti | opposed = | successor = Gabriel-Marie Garrone | other_post = Cardinal-Bishop of Albano <!---------- Orders ----------> | ordination = 19 September 1903 | ordinated_by = | consecration = 27 April 1930 | consecrated_by = Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli | cardinal = 13 December 1937 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Pius XI | rank = Cardinal-bishop <!---------- Personal details ----------> | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1877|07|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = Savona, Italy | death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|08|01|1877|07|13|df=yes}} | death_place = | buried = | nationality = Italian | religion = Roman Catholic | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Secretary of the Roman Curia (1929–1930)|Titular Archbishop of Cyrrhus (1930)|President of the Roman Curia (1930–1939)|Titular Archbishop of Nicaea (1930–1937)|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Via Lata (1937–1948)|Secretary of the Congregation of the Holy Office (1951–1959)}} | education = | alma_mater = | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ----------> | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ----------> | other = }} {{infobox cardinalstyles| cardinal name=Giuseppe Pizzardo| dipstyle=His Eminence| offstyle=Your Eminence| See=Albano (suburbicarian) | }} '''Giuseppe Pizzardo''' (13 July 1877 – 1 August 1970) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as prefect of the Congregation for Seminaries and Universities from 1939 to 1968, and secretary of the Holy Office from 1951 to 1959. Pizzardo was elevated to the cardinalate in 1937.
==Biography==
Born in Savona, Pizzardo studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Saint Apollinare, and the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy before being ordained a priest on 19 September 1903.
From 1908 to 1909, he did pastoral work in Rome and served in the Vatican Secretariat of State. Pizzardo was raised to the rank of monsignor, and appointed secretary of the nunciature to Bavaria, on 7 June 1909. In the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, he was appointed: undersecretary (1920), substitute (1921), and secretary (1929). He became an apostolic protonotary on 11 January 1927.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R24391, Konkordatsunterzeichnung in Rom.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The signing of the ''Reichskonkordat'' on 20 July 1933 in Rome. From left to right: Monsignor Ludwig Kaas, German Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen, Archbishop Pizzardo, Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, Alfredo Ottaviani, and Reich Minister Rudolf Buttmann.]]
Pope Pius XI appointed him Titular Archbishop of Cyrrhus on 28 March 1930, and on the following 22 April, Titular Archbishop of Nicaea. Pizzardo received his episcopal consecration on 27 April of that same year from Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, with Archbishop Giuseppe Palica and Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani serving as co-consecrators.
He was named president of the Pontifical Commission for Russia on 21 December 1934, and an assistant at the papal throne on 19 January 1936. He was created Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Via Lata by Pius XI in the consistory of 13 December 1937. Pizzardo was prefect of the Congregation for Seminaries and Universities from 14 March 1939 until his resignation on 13 January 1968. He was Cardinal-Bishop of Albano from 21 June 1948.
He was named secretary of the Holy Office (the equivalent of what is now called prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith) on 16 February 1951 by Pope Pius XII, for whom he had worked many years in the Secretariat of State. He resigned on 12 October 1959. He attended the Second Vatican Council.
Archives opened to the public in 2024 show Pizzardo defended Marcial Maciel, a priest known to the Vatican as a drug addict and sexual abuser, from a measure being written by {{interlanguage link|Giovanni Battista Scapinelli di Leguigno|lt=Giovanni Battista Scapinelli|de|Giovanni Battista Scapinelli di Léguigno|it||no}}. Memos show the measure originally required Maciel to cease any contact with his students or be suspended ''a divinis''. The measure was edited to remove the prohibition against contact with seminarians, and later documents say further actions against Maciel could not proceed due to "recommendations and interventions by high-ranking personalities."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winfield |first1=Nicole |title=Vatican's Pius XII archives shed light on another contentious chapter: The Legion of Christ scandal |url=https://apnews.com/article/vatican-legion-pius-xii-abuse-91744e8054aa839647633e1d56372165 |website=AP News |date=21 July 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref>
He was known as an early patron and mentor of Giovanni Battista Montini, the future Pope Paul VI. Though they became more distant as Montini rose in power, Pope Paul's final trip away from his summer residence before his death in August 1978 was to a memorial Mass on the anniversary of Pizzardo's death.
Pizzardo was considered to be highly conservative. He condemned Graham Greene's 1940 novel ''The Power and the Glory'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Higdon |first=David Leon |date=1980 |title=A Textual History of Graham Greene's "The Power and the Glory" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40372186 |journal=Studies in Bibliography |volume=33 |pages=234 |issn=0081-7600}}</ref> opposed the French worker-priest movement,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081222135123/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818923,00.html "No More Pretres-Ouvriers?"]. ''Time''. 28 September 1953.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100214173641/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811293,00.html "End of the Worker-Priests"]. ''Time''. 28 September 1959.</ref> and Catholic participation in the Protestant Cold War group, Moral Re-Armament.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002419/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807637,00.html "Catholics v. M.R.A."]. ''Time''. 26 September 1955.</ref>
==Other roles == He was also involved in Azione Cattolica, serving on its Central Committee as ecclesiastical assistant in 1923 and president in 1938.
Appointed sub-dean of the College of Cardinals on 29 March 1965, Cardinal Pizzardo was one of the cardinal electors in the conclaves of 1939, 1958, and 1963.
==References== {{reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box | before=Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani | title=Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office| after=Alfredo Ottaviani | years=16 February 1951 – 12 October 1959}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{succession box | title = Oldest living Member of the Sacred College | years = 14 August 1968 – 1 August 1970 | before = Augusto da Silva | after = Benedetto Aloisi Masella }} {{s-end}} {{Cardinals created by Pius XI}} {{Second Vatican Council}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pizzardo, Giuseppe}} Category:1877 births Category:1970 deaths Category:People from Savona Category:20th-century Italian cardinals Category:Cardinal-bishops of Albano Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council Category:Members of the Holy Office Category:Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Pius XI Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Secretaries for Relations with States of the Holy See