{{Short description|Italian cardinal (1871–1951)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] | name = Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani | honorific-suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = [[Congregation of Ceremonies|Prefect of the Congregation of Ceremonies]] | image = Ritratto del Cardinale Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | church = [[Latin Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] | archdiocese = | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = 5 May 1948 | term = | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 13 January 1951 | predecessor = [[Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte]] | opposed = | successor = [[Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant]] | other_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati|Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati]] (1936–1951)|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia]] (1948–1951)|[[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of Rome]] (1931–1951)|[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Secretary of the Congregation of the Holy Office]] (1939–1951)|[[Archbasilica of St. John Lateran|Archpriest of the Arcibasilica di San Giovanni in Laterano]] (1931–1951)|[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] (1948–1951)}} <!---------- Orders ----------> | ordination = 4 April 1896 | ordained_by = [[Francesco di Paola Cassetta]] | consecration = 14 April 1918 | consecrated_by = [[Pietro Gasparri]] | cardinal = 30 June 1930 | created_cardinal_by = [[Pius XI]] | rank = Cardinal-bishop <!---------- Personal details ----------> | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|10|01|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Rome]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|01|13|1871|10|01|df=yes}} | death_place = Rome | buried = | nationality = Italian | religion = [[Latin Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] | profession = | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Titular Archbishop of Seleucia in Isauria (1918–1930)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela|Apostolic Internuncio to Venezuela]] (1918–1920)|Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela (1920)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Austria]] (1920–1922)|[[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Secretary of the Congregation for Propagation of the Faith]] (1922–1939)|[[Santa Francesca Romana, Rome|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Nuova]] (1930–1936)}} | education = | alma_mater = | motto = | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani.svg | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = }} {{Infobox cardinal styles| cardinal name=Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani| dipstyle=His Eminence| offstyle=Your Eminence| relstyle=| deathstyle=| See=Frascati (suburbicarian), Ostia (suburbicarian)| image=Coat of arms of Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani.svg| image_size = 200px }}
'''Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani''' (1 October 1871 – 13 January 1951)<ref>[https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/deceased/marchetti-selvaggiani.html "Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani", Pontifical Academy of Sciences]</ref> was an [[Catholic Church in Italy|Italian Catholic]] prelate who served as [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Secretary of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]], [[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of His Holiness]], [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Secretary of the Holy Office]], and [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]]. He was elevated to the [[College of Cardinals|cardinalate]] in 1930.
==Biography==
===Early life and ordination=== Marchetti Selvaggiani was born in [[Rome]] to Vincenzo and Valeria ({{nee}} Caretti) Marchetti Selvaggiani. A boyhood friend of [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Pacelli]] (the future Pope Pius XII),<ref name=death>{{cite magazine|date=22 January 1951|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Milestones, Jan. 22, 1951|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888940,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123152157/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888940,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2010}}</ref> he studied at the [[Almo Collegio Capranica]] and [[Pontifical Gregorian University]]. Marchetti Selvaggiani was [[Holy orders in the Catholic Church|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Archbishop [[Francesco di Paola Cassetta]] on 4 April 1896.{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
=== Roman Curia ===
He then served in the [[Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs]], as a ''minutante'', until 1900. From 1900 to 1906, he was [[auditor (ecclesiastical)|auditor]] of the [[Nunciature of the Holy See in Washington, D.C.|Apostolic Delegation to the United States]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] He was [[Attaché|attached]] to the secretariat of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs for a year before becoming auditor of the [[Apostolic Nunciature to Germany]] in 1907. Marchetti Selvaggiani was named [[monsignor|privy chamberlain of his holiness]] on 25 December 1914, [[monsignor|domestic prelate of his holiness]] on 7 July 1915, and [[protonotary apostolic]] on 26 September 1917. From 1915 to 1918, he was a confidential representative of the [[Holy See]] in [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
===Nuncio=== On 16 February 1918, he was appointed [[Nuncio|Internuncio]] to [[Venezuela]] and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of [[Silifke|Seleucia di Isauria]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] in the [[chapel]] of the [[South American College in Rome|Pontifical Latin American College]] on the following 14 April from Cardinal [[Pietro Gasparri]], with Archbishops [[Carlo Pietropaoli]] and [[Bonaventura Cerretti]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. With the raising in rank of the papal diplomatic mission to Venezuela and of the Venezuelan mission to the Holy See, he became [[nuncio]] on 21 May 1920. On 4 December of the same year, he became [[Apostolic Nuncio to Austria]].{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
===Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples=== He was made [[Secretary (title)|secretary]] of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]] on 15 December 1922. As secretary, he served as the second-highest official of that [[dicastery]] under Cardinal [[Willem van Rossum]], [[Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer|CSSR]]. In addition to his role as secretary, he served as an extraordinary [[Pope|papal]] envoy to [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia|Haile Selassie I]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
===Cardinal=== [[Pope Pius XI]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santa Francesca Romana|S. Maria Nuova]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 30 June 1930. In late 1930, in response to a growing [[Protestantism|Protestant]] presence in Rome, he was also appointed to head the Pontifical Organization for Preservation of the Faith and for the Provision of New Churches in Rome.<ref name=time>{{cite magazine|date=18 August 1930|magazine=Time|title=Papal Offense-Defense|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,789226,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715234325/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,789226,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2010}}</ref> On 9 May 1931, Marchetti Selvaggiani was named the [[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of Rome]]; as vicar general, he governed the [[Diocese of Rome]] in the name of the [[pope]], who is [[Bishop of Rome]]. He advised local priests to avoid [[theater]]s and [[sports game]]s.<ref name=death/> He became [[Archpriest]] of the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran|Lateran Basilica]] on 26 May 1931, and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati|Frascati]] on 15 June 1936.{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
===Secretary of the Holy Office=== Just after [[Pope Pius XII]] was [[1939 papal conclave|elected]] in 1939, Cardinal [[Donato Sbarretti]], head of the Holy Office, died, and Pius named Cardinal Marchetti-Selvaggiani to the position. On becoming the senior cardinal-bishop in 1948, Marchetti-Selvaggiani became [[Dean of the College of Cardinals|dean]] of the [[College of Cardinals|Sacred College]] and [[Bishop of Ostia]] in addition to his first bishopric see. He also succeeded as prefect of the Sacred Congregation Ceremonial, and continued in all these positions until his death.{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
===Death=== Selvaggiani died from a [[Thrombus|cerebral thrombosis]] in Rome, at age 79. He is buried in [[Campo Verano]].{{Citation needed |date=May 2024}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==Sources== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060830080649/http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bmarchetti.html Catholic Hierarchy] *[https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios-m.htm Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]
{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=[[Giulio Tonti]] | title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela]] | years=16 February 1918 – 4 December 1920| after=[[Fernando Cento]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Teodoro Valfre di Bonzo]] | title=[[Apostolic Nuncio to Austria]] | years=4 December 1920 – 15 December 1922| after=[[Enrico Sibilia]]}}
{{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box | before=[[Basilio Pompili|Basilio Cardinal Pompili]] | title=[[Cardinal Vicar|Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome]] | years=1931–1951| after=[[Clemente Cardinal Micara]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte]] | title=[[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] | years=16 February 1948 – 13 January 1951| after=[[Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Donato Sbarretti]] | title=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith|Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office]]| after=[[Giuseppe Pizzardo]] | years=30 April 1939 – 13 January 1951}} {{s-end}} {{Dean of Cardinals}} {{Cardinals created by Pius XI}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marchetti-Selvaggiani, Francesco}} [[Category:1871 births]] [[Category:1951 deaths]] [[Category:Clergy from Rome]] [[Category:Deans of the College of Cardinals]] [[Category:Almo Collegio Capranica alumni]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Austria]] [[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Venezuela]] [[Category:20th-century Italian cardinals]] [[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Frascati]] [[Category:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia]] [[Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops]] [[Category:Cardinal Vicars]] [[Category:Members of the Holy Office]] [[Category:Pontifical Commission of Sacred Archaeology]] [[Category:Deaths from cerebral thrombosis]] [[Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni]] [[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Benedict XV]] [[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Pius XI]]