{{Short description|Subtribe of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Gethyliis afra.jpg |image_caption = ''Gethyliis afra'' |taxon = Gethyllidinae |authority = Dumort.<ref name=Dumort/>{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}} |synonyms = * Gethylleae <small>Traub</small> |synonyms_ref = {{sfn|Traub|1963}} |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = * ''Apodolirion'' * ''Gethyllis'' |type_genus = ''Gethyllis'' |type_genus_authority = L. }}
'''Gethyllidinae''' is a small subtribe within the amaryllis family. It is within tribe Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It contains two genera, ''Gethyllis'' and ''Apodolirion'', both are endemic to southern Africa.
== Description == [[File:Apodolirion buchanii.jpg|thumb|''Apodolirion buchanii'', from Hooker's ''Icones Plantarum'' (1882) ]] ''Gethyllis'' and ''Apodolirion'' are two unifloral genera with fused spathe bracts that retain the ovary inside the bulbs until the fruit matures. In both the scape remains inside the bulbs. The fruit is large, fleshy, and aromatic with many seeds, and distinct from the rest of Haemantheae which have berry fruits with only a few seeds. These seeds are also small and hard, while the rest of Haemantheae have seeds that are larger, fleshy and water rich.
The genera are also distinguished from each other by their stigmata. In ''Gethyllis'' this is capitate, while in ''Apodolirion'' it is trifid. Also, ''Apodolirion'' has six stamina while ''Gethyllis'' has many more, with some species having 18 or more.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
==Taxonomy == For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004).{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}} ''Gethyllis'' was one of the two Hamantheae genera to be described (Linnaeus 1753),<ref name=Linn/> and in 1829 Dumortier placed it in a monotypic higher taxon, tribe Gethyllideae,<ref name=Dumort/> and hence is given as the authority, a practice followed by Salisbury.<ref name="Salisb" /> Baker described ''Apodolirion'' in 1878, noting the close resemblance to Gethyllis.{{sfn|Baker|1878}} Pax (1888) then placed both genera in his subtribe Zephyranthinae, as one of six genera,{{sfn|Pax|1888}} a practice followed by Hutchinson (1926), though at tribal rank.{{sfn|Hutchinson|1926}}
Traub recognised the distinct features of these two genera, for which he created the tribe Gethylleae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae, based on the type genus ''Gethyllis''.{{sfn|Traub|1963}} He (amongst others) even expressed the idea that they might be a single genus. On the other hand, Dahlgren (1985) submerged them once again in Haemantheae.{{sfn|Dahlgren|Clifford|Yeo|1985}} Subsequently, the Müller-Doblies' restored Gethyllidinae as a tribe.{{sfn|Müller-Doblies|Müller-Doblies|1996}} Later molecular phylogenetic research has shown that these two genera, while forming a monophyletic subclade, is situated as one of three subtribes of Haemantheae, since forming a separate tribe renders Haemantheae paraphyletic. Although the two genera are resolved in this process as distinct sister groups, the possibility that they may eventually be considered a single genus remains.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}{{sfn|Meerow|Snijman|2006}}
=== Phylogeny === The Gethyllidinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:
{{clade | label1= Tribe '''Haemantheae'''
| 1= {{clade | 1= Subtribe Cliviinae | 2= {{clade | 1= Subtribe Haemanthinae | 2= Subtribe '''Gethyllidinae''' }} }} }}
=== Genera === * ''Apodolirion'' (~6 species) * ''Gethyllis'' (~35 species)
== Distribution and habitat == ''Gethyllis'' is found in winter rainfall regions of southern Africa, while ''Apodolirion'' is found in the summer rainfall zone.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
== References == {{Reflist|20em|refs=
<ref name=Dumort>{{harvnb|Dumortier|1829|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32871#page/58/mode/1up Hypoxideae: Gethyllideae p. 58]}}</ref>
<ref name=Linn>{{harvnb|Linnaeus|1753|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13829#page/454/mode/1up Class XI: Dodecandria. Monogynia. Gethyllis p. 442]}}</ref>
<ref name=Salisb>{{harvnb|Salisbury|Gray|1866|loc=[https://archive.org/details/generaplantsafr00saligoog/page/n52 Gethyllideae p. 42]}}</ref> }}
== Bibliography == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Hutchinson|first=John|author-link=John Hutchinson (botanist)|title=The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny |date=1926 |edition=1st |publisher=Macmillan |series=Volume 1: Monocotyledonae}} Volume 2: Dicotyledonae 1934. * {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Linnaeus |title=Species Plantarum |year=1753 |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |location=Stockholm |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669 |access-date=18 April 2015 }} * {{cite book |last1=Dahlgren |first1=R.M. |last2=Clifford |first2=H.T. |last3=Yeo |first3=P.F. |author-link1=Rolf Dahlgren |title=The families of the monocotyledons |year=1985 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iGndTFY0skC |isbn=978-3-642-64903-5 |access-date=10 February 2014 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Meerow|first1=Alan W.|last2=Clayton|first2=Jason R.|author-link1=Alan Meerow|title=Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|date=1 February 2004|volume=244|issue=3–4|pages=141–155|doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z|bibcode=2004PSyEv.244..141M |s2cid=10245220 }} * {{cite journal|last1=Meerow|first1=Alan W.|last2=Snijman|first2=Deirdre A.|author-link1=Alan Meerow|title=The never-ending story: multigene approaches to the phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae|journal=Aliso|date=2006|volume=22|pages=355–366|doi=10.5642/aliso.20062201.29|doi-access=free|url=http://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=2425&content=PDF|access-date=25 January 2015}}{{dead link|date=June 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} * {{cite web|last1=Vigneron|first1=Pascal|title=Amaryllidaceae|url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org//index.htm|website=Amaryllidaceae.org|access-date=23 October 2014|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114211/http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/index.htm|archive-date=4 January 2015|url-status=dead}} <!-- --> * {{cite book|last1=Traub|first1=H.P.|author-link=Hamilton Traub|title=Genera of the Amaryllidaceae|date=1963|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006929270;view=1up;seq=3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001175229/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006929270;view=1up;seq=3|archive-date=2018-10-01|publisher=American Plant Life Society|location=La Jolla, California}} * {{cite journal|last1=Müller-Doblies|first1=U.|last2=Müller-Doblies|first2=D.|author-link2=Dietrich Müller-Doblies|author-link1=Ute Müller-Doblies|title=Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985|journal=Feddes Repertorium|date=1996|volume=107|issue=5–6|pages=S.c.1–S.c.9}} * {{cite book|last1=Dumortier|first1=Barthélemy-Charles|author-link=Barthélemy-Charles Du Mortier|title=Analyse des familles des plantes: avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent|date=1829|publisher=Casterman|location=Tournay|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/443#/summary|language=fr|access-date=16 January 2016}} * {{cite book|last1=Salisbury|first1=Richard Anthony|last2=Gray|first2=J. E.|author-link1=Richard Anthony Salisbury|author-link2=John Edward Gray|title=The Genera of Plants|publisher=J. Van Voorst|date=1866|url=https://archive.org/details/generaplantsafr00saligoog|access-date=26 October 2014|type=Unpublished fragment}} * {{cite journal|last1=Baker|first1=JG|author-link=JG Baker|title=On two new genera of Amaryllidaceae from Cape Colony|journal=Journal of Botany, British and Foreign|volume=16|pages=74–77|date=1878|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8956466#page/86/mode/1up}} * {{harvc|last1=Pax|first1=Ferdinand|author-link=Ferdinand Pax|c=Amaryllidaceae |pages=97–124 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56456#page/759/mode/1up|in1=Engler|in2=Prantl|year=1888}} * {{cite book|editor1-last=Engler|editor1-first=Adolf|editor2-last=Prantl|editor2-first=Karl|editor-link1=Adolf Engler|editor-link2=Karl Anton Prantl|title=Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten 1887–1915 II(5)|date=1888|publisher=W. Engelmann|location=Leipzig|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4635#/summary|access-date=6 April 2015|language=de}} {{Refend}}
== External links == * {{cite web|author=eMonocot Team|title=Amaryllidaceae|url=http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/|publisher=eMonocot|access-date=2016-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304161517/http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/ |archive-date=2016-03-04}}
{{Amaryllidaceae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q23015953}}
Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Flora of Southern Africa Category:Plant subtribes